Archaeological Society of Athens: Difference between revisions
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The Archive of the Archaeological Society<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Archaeological Society at Athens - |url=https://www.archetai.gr/index.php?p=content&id=1&lang=en |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=www.archetai.gr}}</ref> holds a significant collection of historical and archaeological records around Greece. It includes personal diaries, sketches, and documents of prominent archaeologists published by the organisation. |
The Archive of the Archaeological Society<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Archaeological Society at Athens - |url=https://www.archetai.gr/index.php?p=content&id=1&lang=en |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=www.archetai.gr}}</ref> holds a significant collection of historical and archaeological records around Greece. It includes personal diaries, sketches, and documents of prominent archaeologists published by the organisation. |
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The visual archives of the library include photographs and drawings. The inclusion of early excavation photography and negatives preserve monuments and artefacts that changed during excavation or natural causes. The archive of drawings includes sketches of the Pagassae Stelae, watercolours representing the Acropolis sculptures by Émile Gilliéron, as well as an Archive of Anastasios |
The visual archives of the library include photographs and drawings. The inclusion of early excavation photography and negatives preserve monuments and artefacts that changed during excavation or natural causes. The archive of drawings includes sketches of the Pagassae [[Stele|Stelae]], watercolours representing the Acropolis sculptures by [[Émile Gilliéron]], as well as an Archive of [[Anastasios Orlandos|Anastasios Orlando]]’s drawings<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Archaeological Society at Athens - |url=https://www.archetai.gr/index.php?p=content&id=1&lang=en |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=www.archetai.gr}}</ref> Through the archiving of in situ artefacts, the society ensures proper documentation of material that may erode or be lost over time. Further, the Archive preserves [[Topographic map|topographic plans]] of archaeological sites, which include [[stratigraphy]] and grids. Thus, allowing for consideration and exploration of entire sites and smaller areas by archaeologists such as Kevin Clinton. |
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The written documents of the archive include excavation notebooks and documentation. The archival collection of excavation notebooks kept daily documentation of various phases of excavation, such as the trenches, exact locations, and the depth where artefacts were discovered. Moreover, the systematically organised Archive of documentation includes items such as the complete handwritten columns of the Ephorate and the Council, the Archaeological Council, the Register of Members, catalogue of museums. The archive collection also includes individual archives such as archaeologist Panagiotis Eustratiadis’ documents from 1864-1894, which contained 37 folders regarding the Archaeological Society. |
The written documents of the archive include excavation notebooks and documentation. The archival collection of excavation notebooks kept daily documentation of various phases of excavation, such as the trenches, exact locations, and the depth where artefacts were discovered. Moreover, the systematically organised Archive of documentation includes items such as the complete handwritten columns of the Ephorate and the Council, the Archaeological Council, the Register of Members, catalogue of museums. The archive collection also includes individual archives such as archaeologist Panagiotis Eustratiadis’ documents from 1864-1894, which contained 37 folders regarding the Archaeological Society. |
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== Discoveries toward the Bronze Age Eleusis == |
== Discoveries toward the Bronze Age Eleusis == |
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The society helped discover new epigraphical evidence associated with the sanctuary and cult of the goddess Demeter within Eleusis. Academics published re-editions of 686 documents in chronological order. Thus, allowing a base for future studies of Eleusis’ socioeconomic history and its polytheist religion. |
The society helped discover new epigraphical evidence associated with the sanctuary and cult of the goddess Demeter within Eleusis. Academics published re-editions of 686 documents in chronological order. Thus, allowing a base for future studies of Eleusis’ [[Socioeconomics|socioeconomic]] history and its [[Polytheism|polytheist]] religion. |
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⚫ | Historian Kevin Clinton worked in collaboration since 1966 with the Archaeological Society of Athens to transcribe and archive the stone Eleusinian Inscriptions. The site of Eleusis is home to the important sanctuary of the fertility goddesses Demeter and Persephone, as well as the site of the annual festival of Mysteries. Clinton’s complement of a comprehensive collection of the inscriptions is demonstrated in Volume 1a, which contained 686 inscriptions, as well as Volume 1b’s 307 plates with images of texts. Each text is written with a detailed description and context of where it was found.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glowacki |first=Kevin T. |date=2016-10-01 |title=New Insights into Bronze Age Eleusis and the Formative Stages of the Eleusinian Cults |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.3764/aja.120.4.0673 |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=120 |issue=4 |pages=673–677 |doi=10.3764/aja.120.4.0673 |issn=0002-9114}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Historian Kevin Clinton worked in collaboration since 1966 with the Archaeological Society of Athens to transcribe and archive the stone Eleusinian Inscriptions. The site of Eleusis is home to the important sanctuary of the fertility goddesses Demeter and [[Persephone]], as well as the site of the annual festival of Mysteries. Clinton’s complement of a comprehensive collection of the inscriptions is demonstrated in Volume 1a, which contained 686 inscriptions, as well as Volume 1b’s 307 plates with images of texts. Each text is written with a detailed description and context of where it was found.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glowacki |first=Kevin T. |date=2016-10-01 |title=New Insights into Bronze Age Eleusis and the Formative Stages of the Eleusinian Cults |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.3764/aja.120.4.0673 |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=120 |issue=4 |pages=673–677 |doi=10.3764/aja.120.4.0673 |issn=0002-9114}}</ref> |
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Professor of Greek history Michael B. Cosmopoulos employed the prior systematic excavations conducted by the Archaeological Society of Athens in the late 19th century and early 20th century, in conjunction with contemporary archaeological methods to provide an assessment of the architecture, stratigraphy, and ceramics of the Bronze Age settlement in Eleusis<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayliss |first=Andrew J. |date=2007-11 |title=History - (K.) Clinton Eleusis. The Inscriptions on Stone. Documents of the Sanctuary of the Two Goddesses and Public Documents of the Deme. (The Archaeological Society at Athens Library 236). The Archaeological Society at Athens, 2005. 2 vols. IA: pp. xx + 499; IB: pp. 307. 130. 9608145481. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-hellenic-studies/article/abs/history-k-clinton-eleusis-the-inscriptions-on-stone-documents-of-the-sanctuary-of-the-two-goddesses-and-public-documents-of-the-deme-the-archaeological-society-at-athens-library-236-the-archaeological-society-at-athens-2005-2-vols-ia-pp-xx-499-ib-pp-307-130-9608145481/69A31FE2FCBE0132D0A8F650DC59092F |journal=The Journal of Hellenic Studies |language=en |volume=127 |pages=204–204 |doi=10.1017/S0075426900002202 |issn=2041-4099}}</ref>. Cosmopoulos’ close reading into the society's past works, such as those done by Kevin Clinton, stimulated new discussion on the archaeology of mystery cults and the formation stages of Greek sanctuaries. |
Professor of Greek history Michael B. Cosmopoulos employed the prior systematic excavations conducted by the Archaeological Society of Athens in the late 19th century and early 20th century, in conjunction with contemporary archaeological methods to provide an assessment of the architecture, stratigraphy, and ceramics of the Bronze Age settlement in Eleusis<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayliss |first=Andrew J. |date=2007-11 |title=History - (K.) Clinton Eleusis. The Inscriptions on Stone. Documents of the Sanctuary of the Two Goddesses and Public Documents of the Deme. (The Archaeological Society at Athens Library 236). The Archaeological Society at Athens, 2005. 2 vols. IA: pp. xx + 499; IB: pp. 307. 130. 9608145481. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-hellenic-studies/article/abs/history-k-clinton-eleusis-the-inscriptions-on-stone-documents-of-the-sanctuary-of-the-two-goddesses-and-public-documents-of-the-deme-the-archaeological-society-at-athens-library-236-the-archaeological-society-at-athens-2005-2-vols-ia-pp-xx-499-ib-pp-307-130-9608145481/69A31FE2FCBE0132D0A8F650DC59092F |journal=The Journal of Hellenic Studies |language=en |volume=127 |pages=204–204 |doi=10.1017/S0075426900002202 |issn=2041-4099}}</ref>. Cosmopoulos’ close reading into the society's past works, such as those done by Kevin Clinton, stimulated new discussion on the archaeology of mystery cults and the formation stages of Greek sanctuaries. |
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== Excavations in Thorikos == |
== Excavations in Thorikos == |
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The Archaeological Society of Athens provided plans for the prehistoric settlement of Thorikos, enabling historians and scholars to excavate new findings in the city. By working with archaeologists whilst in partnership with other organisations they helped uncover ancient ceramic material. |
The Archaeological Society of Athens provided plans for the prehistoric settlement of [[Thoricus|Thorikos]], enabling historians and scholars to excavate new findings in the city. By working with archaeologists whilst in partnership with other organisations they helped uncover ancient ceramic material. |
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⚫ | Archaeologist of Mediterranean history Nikolas Papadimitriou used past excavation documentation within The Archive of the Archaeological Society to further research into the ceramic remains within Thorikos. Thorikos was a city that was attributed to the formation of Archaic Athens, inhabited from the Neolithic |
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⚫ | Archaeologist of Mediterranean history Nikolas Papadimitriou used past excavation documentation within The Archive of the Archaeological Society to further research into the ceramic remains within Thorikos. Thorikos was a city that was attributed to the formation of Archaic Athens, inhabited from the [[Neolithic|Neolithic Ag]]<nowiki/>e<ref>{{Citation |last=Kartograf. |first=Frommer, H. |title=Athens : Athens, Acropolis, Epidaurus, Mycenae, Attica, Athens et region : updated, durable, water-repellent, write-on/wipe-off surface = Athína = Athen |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1081379074 |isbn=978-3-86609-341-6 |oclc=1081379074 |access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref>. |
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⚫ | The prior excavation in Thorikos was by the director of the National Archaeological society in 1887, and a member of the Archaeological Society of Athens, Valerios Stais. Aided by the funding of the Archaeologist Society of Athens in 1893, Greek archaeologist Stais explored the tholos tombs III, as well as the habitation site that he noted to be on Velatouri Hill<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Givens |first=Douglas R. |date=2002-11-24 |title=A Short History of the Bulletin of the History of Archaeology |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.12202 |journal=Bulletin of the History of Archaeology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=2 |doi=10.5334/bha.12202 |issn=2047-6930}}</ref>. Stais’ excavation led to the creation of two reports on the artefacts such as pottery in the tombs, and the two phases of occupation in Thorikos pre-Mycenaean and Mycenaean in the inhabited site. |
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⚫ | The prior excavation in Thorikos was by the director of the National Archaeological society in 1887, and a member of the Archaeological Society of Athens, [[Valerios Stais]]. Aided by the funding of the Archaeologist Society of Athens in 1893, Greek archaeologist Stais explored the tholos tombs III, as well as the habitation site that he noted to be on Velatouri Hill<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Givens |first=Douglas R. |date=2002-11-24 |title=A Short History of the Bulletin of the History of Archaeology |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.12202 |journal=Bulletin of the History of Archaeology |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=2 |doi=10.5334/bha.12202 |issn=2047-6930}}</ref>. Stais’ excavation led to the creation of two reports on the artefacts such as pottery in the tombs, and the two phases of occupation in Thorikos pre-Mycenaean and Mycenaean in the inhabited site. |
||
Derived from this, Nikolas Papadimitriou's exploration of Stais’ prehistoric pottery assessed the periods of occupation in Thorikos to theorise on Thorikos’ connections in trade as well as their prehistoric culture. By documenting the chronological distributions and material, he proved the increasing Aegean connections and integration into trade that Thorikos experienced during the Mycenaean occupation. Thus, through the prior excavation and documentation of Thorikos by society member Valeios Stais, future exploration of Thorikos was allowed<ref>{{Citation |last=Papadimitriou |first=Nikolas |title=Ceramic Material from Valerios Stais’ Excavations at the Prehistoric Settlement of Thorikos: |date=2020-07-30 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15vwjjg.54 |work=Athens and Attica in Prehistory: Proceedings of the International Conference, Athens, 27–31 May 2015 |pages=457–470 |publisher=Archaeopress Publishing Ltd |access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref>. |
Derived from this, Nikolas Papadimitriou's exploration of Stais’ prehistoric pottery assessed the periods of occupation in Thorikos to theorise on Thorikos’ connections in trade as well as their prehistoric culture. By documenting the chronological distributions and material, he proved the increasing Aegean connections and integration into trade that Thorikos experienced during the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] occupation. Thus, through the prior excavation and documentation of Thorikos by society member Valeios Stais, future exploration of Thorikos was allowed<ref>{{Citation |last=Papadimitriou |first=Nikolas |title=Ceramic Material from Valerios Stais’ Excavations at the Prehistoric Settlement of Thorikos: |date=2020-07-30 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15vwjjg.54 |work=Athens and Attica in Prehistory: Proceedings of the International Conference, Athens, 27–31 May 2015 |pages=457–470 |publisher=Archaeopress Publishing Ltd |access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref>. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
Revision as of 12:55, 11 May 2022
![]() Facade (front door) of the Archaeological Society of Athens | |
Formation | January 6th 1837 |
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Headquarters | Panepistimiou 22, Athina 105 64, Greece |
Founder | Constantinos Belios |
Website | https://www.archetai.gr/index.php?p=content&id=1&lang=en |
The Archaeological Society of Athens (Greek: Εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογική Εταιρεία) is an independent learned society.[1] Also termed the Greek Archaeological Society, it was founded in 1837 by Constantinos Belios, just a few years after the establishment of the modern Greek State, with the aim of encouraging archaeological excavations, maintenance, care and exhibition of antiquities in Greece.[1]
The Archaeological Society of Athens work in excavation and funding of archaeological endeavours are extensive. For example, the society helped discover new epigraphical evidence associated with the sanctuary of the goddess Demeter within Eleusis. In addition to this, they provided plans of the prehistoric settlement of Thorikos to help uncover ancient ceramic material.
Notable members
The notable members integral to the construction and maintenance of the organisation include the merchant Constantinos Belios, who first funded the society on January 6th, 1837. Secondly, his successor Stephanos Kumanudes.
Others include Semni Karouzou, ceramics specialist and curator at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens: Vice-President, 1975–77
The Archive of the Archaeological Society
The Archive of the Archaeological Society[2] holds a significant collection of historical and archaeological records around Greece. It includes personal diaries, sketches, and documents of prominent archaeologists published by the organisation.
The visual archives of the library include photographs and drawings. The inclusion of early excavation photography and negatives preserve monuments and artefacts that changed during excavation or natural causes. The archive of drawings includes sketches of the Pagassae Stelae, watercolours representing the Acropolis sculptures by Émile Gilliéron, as well as an Archive of Anastasios Orlando’s drawings[3] Through the archiving of in situ artefacts, the society ensures proper documentation of material that may erode or be lost over time. Further, the Archive preserves topographic plans of archaeological sites, which include stratigraphy and grids. Thus, allowing for consideration and exploration of entire sites and smaller areas by archaeologists such as Kevin Clinton.
The written documents of the archive include excavation notebooks and documentation. The archival collection of excavation notebooks kept daily documentation of various phases of excavation, such as the trenches, exact locations, and the depth where artefacts were discovered. Moreover, the systematically organised Archive of documentation includes items such as the complete handwritten columns of the Ephorate and the Council, the Archaeological Council, the Register of Members, catalogue of museums. The archive collection also includes individual archives such as archaeologist Panagiotis Eustratiadis’ documents from 1864-1894, which contained 37 folders regarding the Archaeological Society.
Discoveries toward the Bronze Age Eleusis
The society helped discover new epigraphical evidence associated with the sanctuary and cult of the goddess Demeter within Eleusis. Academics published re-editions of 686 documents in chronological order. Thus, allowing a base for future studies of Eleusis’ socioeconomic history and its polytheist religion.
Historian Kevin Clinton worked in collaboration since 1966 with the Archaeological Society of Athens to transcribe and archive the stone Eleusinian Inscriptions. The site of Eleusis is home to the important sanctuary of the fertility goddesses Demeter and Persephone, as well as the site of the annual festival of Mysteries. Clinton’s complement of a comprehensive collection of the inscriptions is demonstrated in Volume 1a, which contained 686 inscriptions, as well as Volume 1b’s 307 plates with images of texts. Each text is written with a detailed description and context of where it was found.[4]
Professor of Greek history Michael B. Cosmopoulos employed the prior systematic excavations conducted by the Archaeological Society of Athens in the late 19th century and early 20th century, in conjunction with contemporary archaeological methods to provide an assessment of the architecture, stratigraphy, and ceramics of the Bronze Age settlement in Eleusis[5]. Cosmopoulos’ close reading into the society's past works, such as those done by Kevin Clinton, stimulated new discussion on the archaeology of mystery cults and the formation stages of Greek sanctuaries.
Excavations in Thorikos
The Archaeological Society of Athens provided plans for the prehistoric settlement of Thorikos, enabling historians and scholars to excavate new findings in the city. By working with archaeologists whilst in partnership with other organisations they helped uncover ancient ceramic material.
Archaeologist of Mediterranean history Nikolas Papadimitriou used past excavation documentation within The Archive of the Archaeological Society to further research into the ceramic remains within Thorikos. Thorikos was a city that was attributed to the formation of Archaic Athens, inhabited from the Neolithic Age[6].
The prior excavation in Thorikos was by the director of the National Archaeological society in 1887, and a member of the Archaeological Society of Athens, Valerios Stais. Aided by the funding of the Archaeologist Society of Athens in 1893, Greek archaeologist Stais explored the tholos tombs III, as well as the habitation site that he noted to be on Velatouri Hill[7]. Stais’ excavation led to the creation of two reports on the artefacts such as pottery in the tombs, and the two phases of occupation in Thorikos pre-Mycenaean and Mycenaean in the inhabited site.
Derived from this, Nikolas Papadimitriou's exploration of Stais’ prehistoric pottery assessed the periods of occupation in Thorikos to theorise on Thorikos’ connections in trade as well as their prehistoric culture. By documenting the chronological distributions and material, he proved the increasing Aegean connections and integration into trade that Thorikos experienced during the Mycenaean occupation. Thus, through the prior excavation and documentation of Thorikos by society member Valeios Stais, future exploration of Thorikos was allowed[8].
See also
References
- ^ a b "The Archaeological Society at Athens". 2011-05-16. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ^ "The Archaeological Society at Athens -". www.archetai.gr. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ^ "The Archaeological Society at Athens -". www.archetai.gr. Retrieved 2022-05-11.
- ^ Glowacki, Kevin T. (2016-10-01). "New Insights into Bronze Age Eleusis and the Formative Stages of the Eleusinian Cults". American Journal of Archaeology. 120 (4): 673–677. doi:10.3764/aja.120.4.0673. ISSN 0002-9114.
- ^ Bayliss, Andrew J. (2007-11). "History - (K.) Clinton Eleusis. The Inscriptions on Stone. Documents of the Sanctuary of the Two Goddesses and Public Documents of the Deme. (The Archaeological Society at Athens Library 236). The Archaeological Society at Athens, 2005. 2 vols. IA: pp. xx + 499; IB: pp. 307. 130. 9608145481". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 127: 204–204. doi:10.1017/S0075426900002202. ISSN 2041-4099.
{{cite journal}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Kartograf., Frommer, H., Athens : Athens, Acropolis, Epidaurus, Mycenae, Attica, Athens et region : updated, durable, water-repellent, write-on/wipe-off surface = Athína = Athen, ISBN 978-3-86609-341-6, OCLC 1081379074, retrieved 2022-05-11
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Givens, Douglas R. (2002-11-24). "A Short History of the Bulletin of the History of Archaeology". Bulletin of the History of Archaeology. 12 (2): 2. doi:10.5334/bha.12202. ISSN 2047-6930.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Papadimitriou, Nikolas (2020-07-30), "Ceramic Material from Valerios Stais' Excavations at the Prehistoric Settlement of Thorikos:", Athens and Attica in Prehistory: Proceedings of the International Conference, Athens, 27–31 May 2015, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, pp. 457–470, retrieved 2022-05-11
External links