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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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He was born in year 22 of the [[Toghon Temür|Zhizheng era]] (1362). In 1368, he evacuated from [[Khanbaliq|Dadu]] (now [[Beijing]]) with his father and grandfather. In 1369, the [[Ming Dynasty]] conquered [[Shangdu]] and retreated to [[Yingchang]] (now the west bank of Dalinur Lake, [[Hexigten Banner]], [[Inner Mongolia]]). In 1370, after his grandfather died, he was captured by the Ming army in Yingchang on the fifth [[Chinese calendar|lunar month]] and sent to the capital (then [[Nanjing]]). He was held prisoners for five years, in which the Ming named him Marquis ({{zh|t=侯|s=侯|p=Hóu}}) of [[Chongli District|Chongli]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wutong |first1=Chen |title=The Great Biography of Zhu Yuanzhang (Chinese: 朱元璋大传) |date=2018 |publisher=Zhonghua Book Company |isbn=9787101131093 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%A0/og61DwAAQBAJ?hl |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> In the ninth month of the lunar calendar (1374), [[Emperor Taizu of Ming|Emperor Taizu]] of the Ming Dynasty |
He was born in year 22 of the [[Toghon Temür|Zhizheng era]] (1362). In 1368, he evacuated from [[Khanbaliq|Dadu]] (now [[Beijing]]) with his father and grandfather. In 1369, the [[Ming Dynasty]] conquered [[Shangdu]] and retreated to [[Yingchang]] (now the west bank of Dalinur Lake, [[Hexigten Banner]], [[Inner Mongolia]]). In 1370, after his grandfather died, he was captured by the Ming army in Yingchang on the fifth [[Chinese calendar|lunar month]] and sent to the capital (then [[Nanjing]]). He was held prisoners for five years, in which the Ming named him Marquis ({{zh|t=侯|s=侯|p=Hóu}}) of [[Chongli District|Chongli]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wutong |first1=Chen |title=The Great Biography of Zhu Yuanzhang (Chinese: 朱元璋大传) |date=2018 |publisher=Zhonghua Book Company |isbn=9787101131093 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%A0/og61DwAAQBAJ?hl |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> In the ninth month of the lunar calendar (1374), [[Emperor Taizu of Ming|Emperor Taizu]] of the Ming Dynasty sent him back to Northern Yuan. There is no record of his subsequent life.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Inner Mongolia Federation of Philosophy and Social Sciences Societies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Social Sciences |title=Inner Mongolia Social Sciences (内蒙古社会科学) |date=1994 |publisher=Journal of Inner Mongolia Academy of Social Sciences |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6/2bM2AAAAMAAJ?hl |language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Zhongyi |first1=Fan |title=Biography of Qi Jiguang (戚继光传) |date=2003 |publisher=Zhonghua Book Company |isbn=9787101034394 |page=40 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E6%88%9A%E7%BB%A7%E5%85%89%E4%BC%A0/OduBAAAAIAAJ?hl |language=zh}}</ref> |
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There is a saying that [[Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür|Tögüs Temür]], who succeeded [[Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara|Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan]], was the same person as Maidilibala. In a book sent to Orjei Temuru Khan, [[Emperor Yongle]] stated: "Emperor Hongwu protected Tögüs Temür and sent him back to Mongolia, and later Tögüs Temür became Khan [...]".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Xin You |title="Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty" |date=1368–1644 |language=zh}}</ref> It seems that the idea of Maidilibala-Tögüs Temür was once widespread, at least during the time of the Yongle Emperor. However, their ages differ, and Mongolian historical sources say that Tögüs Temür was in fact the younger brother of Emperor Zhaozong. {{ill|Sei Wada|ja|和田清}} argued that Maidilibala and Tögüs Temür were different people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wada |first1=Kiyoshi |title=Study on the History of Toha (Mongolia) |date=1959 |publisher=Tōyō Bunko |page=197-201}}</ref> Mongolian historian Baoyin Deligen believes that Maidilibala was in fact the later Mongolian Khan [[Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan|Elbeg]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deligen |first1=Baoyin |title=The Lineage and Political Situation of the Northern Yuan Khans Before the Middle of the 15th Century, Volume 6 |publisher=Research on Mongolian History}}</ref> |
There is a saying that [[Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür|Tögüs Temür]], who succeeded [[Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara|Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan]], was the same person as Maidilibala. In a book sent to Orjei Temuru Khan, [[Emperor Yongle]] stated: "Emperor Hongwu protected Tögüs Temür and sent him back to Mongolia, and later Tögüs Temür became Khan [...]".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Xin You |title="Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty" |date=1368–1644 |language=zh}}</ref> It seems that the idea of Maidilibala-Tögüs Temür was once widespread, at least during the time of the Yongle Emperor. However, their ages differ, and Mongolian historical sources say that Tögüs Temür was in fact the younger brother of Emperor Zhaozong. {{ill|Sei Wada|ja|和田清}} argued that Maidilibala and Tögüs Temür were different people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wada |first1=Kiyoshi |title=Study on the History of Toha (Mongolia) |date=1959 |publisher=Tōyō Bunko |page=197-201}}</ref> Mongolian historian Baoyin Deligen believes that Maidilibala was in fact the later Mongolian Khan [[Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan|Elbeg]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deligen |first1=Baoyin |title=The Lineage and Political Situation of the Northern Yuan Khans Before the Middle of the 15th Century, Volume 6 |publisher=Research on Mongolian History}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 15:43, 21 June 2022
| Maidilibala 买的里八剌 | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Yuan | |
| Marquis of Chongli | |
| Born | 1362 |
| Died | ? |
| House | Borjigin |
| Dynasty | Northern Yuan |
| Father | Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara |
| Mother | Empress Consort Kwon |
Prince Maidilibala was a Yuan dynasty prince. He was taken prisoner by the Ming army but later released and returned to Mongolia where he became Khan.
His name derives from Sanskrit and is a person's name derived from Tibetan Buddhism.
Biography
He was born in year 22 of the Zhizheng era (1362). In 1368, he evacuated from Dadu (now Beijing) with his father and grandfather. In 1369, the Ming Dynasty conquered Shangdu and retreated to Yingchang (now the west bank of Dalinur Lake, Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia). In 1370, after his grandfather died, he was captured by the Ming army in Yingchang on the fifth lunar month and sent to the capital (then Nanjing). He was held prisoners for five years, in which the Ming named him Marquis (Chinese: 侯; pinyin: Hóu) of Chongli.[1] In the ninth month of the lunar calendar (1374), Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty sent him back to Northern Yuan. There is no record of his subsequent life.[2][3]
There is a saying that Tögüs Temür, who succeeded Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan, was the same person as Maidilibala. In a book sent to Orjei Temuru Khan, Emperor Yongle stated: "Emperor Hongwu protected Tögüs Temür and sent him back to Mongolia, and later Tögüs Temür became Khan [...]".[4] It seems that the idea of Maidilibala-Tögüs Temür was once widespread, at least during the time of the Yongle Emperor. However, their ages differ, and Mongolian historical sources say that Tögüs Temür was in fact the younger brother of Emperor Zhaozong. Sei Wada argued that Maidilibala and Tögüs Temür were different people.[5] Mongolian historian Baoyin Deligen believes that Maidilibala was in fact the later Mongolian Khan Elbeg.[6]
In 1388, the eldest son of Tögüs Temür, Tian Baonu, was killed together with his father, and the second son, Di Baonu, was exiled to the Ryukyu by the Ming. Thus, the descendants of Tögüs Temür in Mongolia were eliminated. According to the "Huang Shi", Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan ascended the throne at the age of thirty-three and reigned for four years; the anonymous "Golden History Outline" says that he ascended the throne in the Year of the Dog (1394).
Judging from the year of birth, name and relevant records of the Ming people, Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan should be the same person as Maidilibala. Elbeg Nigülesügchi and Maidilibala were both born in 1362. Second, the two names have the same meaning.
References
- ^ Wutong, Chen (2018). The Great Biography of Zhu Yuanzhang (Chinese: 朱元璋大传). Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101131093. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ Inner Mongolia Federation of Philosophy and Social Sciences Societies, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Inner Mongolia Social Sciences (内蒙古社会科学) (in Chinese). Journal of Inner Mongolia Academy of Social Sciences.
- ^ Zhongyi, Fan (2003). Biography of Qi Jiguang (戚继光传) (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. p. 40. ISBN 9787101034394.
- ^ Xin You (1368–1644). "Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty" (in Chinese).
- ^ Wada, Kiyoshi (1959). Study on the History of Toha (Mongolia). Tōyō Bunko. p. 197-201.
- ^ Deligen, Baoyin. The Lineage and Political Situation of the Northern Yuan Khans Before the Middle of the 15th Century, Volume 6. Research on Mongolian History.
Sources
- Baoyin Deligen: "The Lineage and Political Situation of the Northern Yuan Khans Before the Middle of the 15th Century" (Chinese:《15世纪中叶前的北元可汗世系及政局》), Research on Mongolian History, Volume 6
Category:1362 births
Category:Yuan dynasty sons of emperors
Category:Yuan dynasty people
Category:Chinese princes