Cordia ecalyculata: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Cordia salicifolia]] |
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{{Short description|Species of tree}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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|status = LC |
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|status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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|genus = Cordia |
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|species = ecalyculata |
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}} |
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'''''Cordia ecalyculata''''', also called '''''Cordia salicifolia''''' and '''chá de bugre''', is a species of evergreen [[Flowering plant|flowering]] [[tree]] in the [[borage]] family, [[Boraginaceae]], that occurs mainly in [[Brazil]] and is used as a medicinal plant. Its red fruit, which resembles a coffee bean and contains [[caffeine]], is roasted and brewed as a coffee substitute. |
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The leaves and fruit contain compounds such as [[caffeine]], [[allantoin]], [[allantoic acid]], [[β-sitosterol]], and [[spathulenol]], as well as a significant amount of the [[electrolyte]] [[potassium]].<ref name="healing"/> The plant has been used as a [[diuretic]], as an [[appetite suppressant]], and to promote skin healing.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fern |first1=Ken |title=Useful Tropical Plants Database |date=2019 |url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Cordia+ecalyculata}}</ref><ref name="cham">{{cite journal |last1=Menghini |first1=Luigi |last2=Epifano |first2=Francesco |last3=Leporini |first3=Lidia |last4=Pagiotti |first4=Rita |last5=Tirillini |first5=Bruno |title=Phytochemical investigation on leaf extract of Cordia salicifolia cham |journal=Journal of Medicinal Food |date=March 2008 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=193+ |doi=10.1089/jmf.2007.583 |url=http://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A179772543/AONE}}</ref> It also shows activity against [[herpes simplex virus type 1]] (HSV-1) [[in vitro]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hayashi |first1=K |last2=Hayashi |first2=T |last3=Morita |first3=N |last4=Niwayama |first4=S |title=Antiviral activity of an extract of Cordia salicifolia on herpes simplex virus type 1 |journal=Planta Med |date=October 1990 |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=439-443 |doi=10.1055/s-2006-961006 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1963951/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Caparroz-Assef |first1=Silvana Martins |title=Toxicity studies of Cordia salicifolia extract = Estudo da toxidade do extrato de Cordia salicifolia |journal=Acta Scientiarum - Health Sciences |date=2005 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=41-44 |doi=10.4025/ACTASCIHEALTHSCI.V27I1.1439 |url=https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=307223942007}}</ref> It has also shown some usefulness as a snakebite antivenom.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schezaro-Ramos |first1=Raphael |last2=Collaço |first2=Rita C |last3=Cogo |first3=José C |last4=Dal-Belo |first4=Cháriston A |last5=Rodrigues-Simioni |first5=Léa |last6=Rocha |first6=Thalita |last7=Randazzo-Moura |first7=Priscila |title=Cordia salicifolia and Lafoensia pacari plant extracts against the local effects of Bothrops jararacussu and Philodryas olfersii snake venoms |journal=J Venom Res |date=July 2020 |pages=32-37 |pmid=33024546 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33024546/}}</ref> |
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==Features== |
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The small tree grows 8-12 meters tall with a trunk 30-40 centimeters in diameter.<ref name="healing">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Leslie |title=The Healing Power of the Rainforest Herbs |date=2005 |url=http://www.rain-tree.com/chadebugre.htm}}</ref> |
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The tree has an elongated crown. Its leaves are simple, completely devoid of pubescence, and 8–14 centimeters long. Small, fragrant white flowers with a [[campanulate]] [[calyx (botany)|calyx]] precede fruits that are globose, [[drupaceous]] berries, red in color, and similar to the fruit of the [[coffee tree]]. |
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Birds that feed on the fruits of ''Cordia ecalyculata'' include [[guan (bird)|guans]], [[trogon|trogons]], [[pigeon|pigeons]], [[tanager|tanagers]], and [[araçari|aracaris]]. |
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==Names== |
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Dried leaves of the tree are sold widely under the Portuguese name "chá de bugre." In Brazil and many publications, the tree is botanically classified as ''Cordia salicifolia'', while in Paraguay it is classified as ''Cordia ecalyculata''. Brazilians also call it "café do mato" ("coffee of the woods") for its similar red fruit containing caffeine and popularity as a coffee substitute.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chá de Bugre |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1124/cha-de-bugre |website=WebMD}}</ref> Other names in use include ''Cordia digynia'', ''Cordia coffeoides'', claraiba, porangaba ([[Tupian languages|Tupi]] porã'gaba, "beauty"), bugrinho, café de bugre, chá de frade, bois d'ine, café de la forêt, café des bois, cafezinho, cha de negro mina, coquelicot, grao do porco, laranjeira do mato, louro salgueiro, louro mole, rabugem, and coffee of the woods. |
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''Cordia ecalyculata'' should not be confused with another plant that has been called chá de bugre, [[Hedyosmum brasiliense]]. |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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It is indigenous to Brazil, growing predominantly in tropical [[semi-deciduous]] forests in the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[Bahia]], [[Acre (state)|Acre]], and [[Goias]]. It is also found in the tropical forests of [[Argentina]] and [[Paraguay]].<ref name="cham"/> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q14361936}} |
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[[Category:Cordia|ecalyculata]] |
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Latest revision as of 18:20, 3 August 2022
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