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== History ==
== History ==
The Hollywood theater began operations in 1939 on East Main Street in Carrboro, North Carolina after E. Carrington Smith<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Theater {{!}} From the Rock Wall |url=https://fromtherockwall.org/places/hollywood-theater |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=fromtherockwall.org |language=en-US}}</ref>, the manager of the segregated Carolina Theater located on [[Franklin Street (Chapel Hill)|Franklin Street]] in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], saw a business opportunity in operating a local cinema. He appointed Kenneth Jones to be the manager of the theater. At the time, African Americans in the area only had 3 options for theaters they could attend. They could travel 16 miles away to Durham’s [[Carolina Theatre (Durham)|Carolina Theater]], go to Bull City’s Wonderland Theater, or the Hollywood Theater.
The Hollywood theater began operations in 1939 on East Main Street in Carrboro, North Carolina after E. Carrington Smith,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Theater {{!}} From the Rock Wall |url=https://fromtherockwall.org/places/hollywood-theater |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=fromtherockwall.org |language=en-US}}</ref> the manager of the segregated Carolina Theater located on [[Franklin Street (Chapel Hill)|Franklin Street]] in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], saw a business opportunity in operating a local cinema. He appointed Kenneth Jones to be the manager of the theater. At the time, African Americans in the area only had 3 options for theaters they could attend. They could travel 16 miles away to Durham’s [[Carolina Theatre (Durham)|Carolina Theater]], go to Bull City’s Wonderland Theater, or the Hollywood Theater.


The Standard Theater was the original segregated theater in Chapel Hill, beginning operations in 1924. It was owned and operated by the Black entrepreneur Durwood O’Kelly<ref>{{Cite web |title=Durwood O’Kelly (O'Kelley) {{!}} Open Orange |url=https://openorangenc.org/people/durwood-o%E2%80%99kelly-okelley |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=openorangenc.org}}</ref>. When the white-owned and operated Hollywood Theater opened in 1939, the Standard had to shut its doors because it lost most of its patrons to the Hollywood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doug Clark - On the Hollywood Theater {{!}} From the Rock Wall |url=https://fromtherockwall.org/oral-histories/doug-clark-on-the-hollywood-theater-oral-history-clip |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=fromtherockwall.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
The Standard Theater was the original segregated theater in Chapel Hill, beginning operations in 1924. It was owned and operated by the Black entrepreneur Durwood O’Kelly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Durwood O’Kelly (O'Kelley) {{!}} Open Orange |url=https://openorangenc.org/people/durwood-o%E2%80%99kelly-okelley |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=openorangenc.org}}</ref> When the white-owned and operated Hollywood Theater opened in 1939, the Standard had to shut its doors because it lost most of its patrons to the Hollywood.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doug Clark - On the Hollywood Theater {{!}} From the Rock Wall |url=https://fromtherockwall.org/oral-histories/doug-clark-on-the-hollywood-theater-oral-history-clip |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=fromtherockwall.org |language=en-US}}</ref>


The Hollywood was known for showing popular films coming out of Hollywood as well as a collection of race films. First in 1939 and then again in 1941, the Hollywood had the opportunity to show documentaries of Chapel Hill’s own Black community, some of which were shot by [[Herbert Lee Waters|H. Lee Waters]] who traveled across North Carolina from 1936-1942 filming small communities. In his novel, ''[[The Moviegoer]]'', southern author [[Walker Percy]] recounts his experience in Hollywood, writing that when someone sees a movie about their own neighborhood, it allows them to become a person who is Somewhere and not Anywhere<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Local |date=2023-02-28 |title=Reel Segregation: The Revealing Racial History of Local Movie Theaters - The Local Reporter |url=https://thelocalreporter.press/reel-segregation-the-revealing-racial-history-of-local-movie-theaters/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>.
The Hollywood was known for showing popular films coming out of Hollywood as well as a collection of race films. First in 1939 and then again in 1941, the Hollywood had the opportunity to show documentaries of Chapel Hill’s own Black community, some of which were shot by [[Herbert Lee Waters|H. Lee Waters]] who traveled across North Carolina from 1936-1942 filming small communities. In his novel, ''[[The Moviegoer]]'', southern author [[Walker Percy]] recounts his experience in Hollywood, writing that when someone sees a movie about their own neighborhood, it allows them to become a person who is Somewhere and not Anywhere.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Local |date=2023-02-28 |title=Reel Segregation: The Revealing Racial History of Local Movie Theaters - The Local Reporter |url=https://thelocalreporter.press/reel-segregation-the-revealing-racial-history-of-local-movie-theaters/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>


By 1961, amid pressure to desegregate, Smith was forced to close the doors of the Hollywood Theater. He was still the owner of the more popular, all-white Carolina Theater only a few miles away, which was in the midst of integrating. At first, only Black students at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill]] were permitted to buy tickets. Next, guests of those students were allowed to buy tickets. Finally, Black non-students were allowed to buy tickets provided they were accompanied by a white patron. On March 10, 1962, the Carolina Theater became fully integrated, making it one of the first theaters in the South to integrate<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Local |date=2023-03-15 |title=Reel Segregation: ‘It Ain’t Necessarily So’ - The Local Reporter |url=https://thelocalreporter.press/reel-segregation-it-aint-necessarily-so/,%20https://thelocalreporter.press/reel-segregation-it-aint-necessarily-so/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>.
By 1961, amid pressure to desegregate, Smith was forced to close the doors of the Hollywood Theater. He was still the owner of the more popular, all-white Carolina Theater only a few miles away, which was in the midst of integrating. At first, only Black students at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill]] were permitted to buy tickets. Next, guests of those students were allowed to buy tickets. Finally, Black non-students were allowed to buy tickets provided they were accompanied by a white patron. On March 10, 1962, the Carolina Theater became fully integrated, making it one of the first theaters in the South to integrate.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Local |date=2023-03-15 |title=Reel Segregation: ‘It Ain’t Necessarily So’ - The Local Reporter |url=https://thelocalreporter.press/reel-segregation-it-aint-necessarily-so/,%20https://thelocalreporter.press/reel-segregation-it-aint-necessarily-so/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>


== Civil Rights Significance ==
== Civil Rights Significance ==
During the [[Civil rights movement|Civil Rights Movement]], the Hollywood Theater served as a place for members of the Black community to gather. There was an overwhelmingly positive response to Black people having their own theater and being able to see themselves personified in a positive manner on screen, especially amidst a resurgence of the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Victor |date=2018-02-14 |title=Civil Rights in Chapel Hill: Silence is Subjugation |url=https://chapelboro.com/town-square/civil-rights-chapel-hill-silence-subjugation |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Chapelboro.com |language=en-US}}</ref>. The decline of the Hollywood started as the Varsity Theater and Carolina Theater began to desegregate in April of 1961. Starting with the admission of Black UNC students with IDs, the Varsity soon allowed all Black people to attend showings. The Carolina Theater followed suit not long after<ref name=":0" />. The pressure of desegregation spreading rapidly throughout the state pushed white Chapel Hill to to open all restaurants and other businesses to Black neighbors. This marked a turning point to the shrinking of the robust Black business district, a crucial economic source for the local Black community<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogle |first=Mike |title=Chapel Hill was half Black |url=https://stonewalls.substack.com/p/chapel-hill-was-half-black |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=stonewalls.substack.com |language=en}}</ref>. Black people now had access to the other major theaters, so the smaller venue died out from a lack of revenue<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documenting the American South: Oral Histories of the American South |url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/L-0064-3/excerpts/excerpt_8958.html#citing |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=docsouth.unc.edu}}</ref>.
During the [[Civil rights movement|Civil Rights Movement]], the Hollywood Theater served as a place for members of the Black community to gather. There was an overwhelmingly positive response to Black people having their own theater and being able to see themselves personified in a positive manner on screen, especially amidst a resurgence of the [[Ku Klux Klan|KKK]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Victor |date=2018-02-14 |title=Civil Rights in Chapel Hill: Silence is Subjugation |url=https://chapelboro.com/town-square/civil-rights-chapel-hill-silence-subjugation |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Chapelboro.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The decline of the Hollywood started as the Varsity Theater and Carolina Theater began to desegregate in April of 1961. Starting with the admission of Black UNC students with IDs, the Varsity soon allowed all Black people to attend showings. The Carolina Theater followed suit not long after.<ref name=":0" /> The pressure of desegregation spreading rapidly throughout the state pushed white Chapel Hill to to open all restaurants and other businesses to Black neighbors. This marked a turning point to the shrinking of the robust Black business district, a crucial economic source for the local Black community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogle |first=Mike |title=Chapel Hill was half Black |url=https://stonewalls.substack.com/p/chapel-hill-was-half-black |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=stonewalls.substack.com |language=en}}</ref> Black people now had access to the other major theaters, so the smaller venue died out from a lack of revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documenting the American South: Oral Histories of the American South |url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/L-0064-3/excerpts/excerpt_8958.html#citing |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=docsouth.unc.edu}}</ref>


== Programming ==
== Programming ==
The Hollywood Theater played a mix of blockbuster Hollywood films such as ''[[Tarzan movie|Tarzan]]'', ''Shamble'', and ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' as well as less accessible films. These less accessible films catered to a Black audience, films that had Black directors and/or a predominantly Black cast. These films were often harder to acquire since they weren’t as mass-produced as blockbuster Hollywood films<ref name=":1" />. Herbert Lee Waters was a local filmmaker/photographer and shared his film collection at the Hollywood theater, one of which was ''Movies of Local People''<ref>{{Cite web |title=H. Lee Waters film collection, 1936-2005, bulk 1936-1942 |url=https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/36050569 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=researchworks.oclc.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Movies of Local People: Films by H. Lee Waters |url=https://www.digitalnc.org/exhibits/hleewaters/ |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=DigitalNC |language=en-US}}</ref>. The ''Movies of Local People'' was a collection of films that followed different North Carolina communities. One of the films in the collection shown at The Hollywood Theater followed Chapel Hill’s local community. H. Lee Waters “...captured scenes of everyday life by setting up his equipment at gathering points like main intersections, schools and downtown”<ref name=":1" />. The black-and-white silent film centered around local businesses and schools; the [[Orange County Training School]], and Strowd Motor Company's [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] dealership, were featured in the film<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1939 (Reel 1) / H. Lee Waters Film Collection / Duke Digital Repository |url=https://repository.duke.edu/dc/hleewaters/RL10075-BCAM-0003 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Duke Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref>. It showcased the local community's daily routine, which was often the focus of Water’s creations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Creator: Waters, H. Lee / H. Lee Waters Film Collection / Duke Digital Repository |url=https://repository.duke.edu/dc/hleewaters?f%5Bcreator_facet_sim%5D%5B%5D=Waters,+H.+Lee |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Duke Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Waters |first=H. Lee |title=Waters Films Showing Black Residents in Chapel Hill in 1939 (Reel 2) |date=1939-01-01 |url=https://fromtherockwall.org/documents/chapel-hill-nc-1939-reel-2 |access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref>.  Another popular film shown was ''[[The Ghost Breakers]]'' which starred the famous African-American actor [[Willie Best]]<ref name=":1" />.
The Hollywood Theater played a mix of blockbuster Hollywood films such as ''[[Tarzan movie|Tarzan]]'', ''Shamble'', and ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' as well as less accessible films. These less accessible films catered to a Black audience, films that had Black directors and/or a predominantly Black cast. These films were often harder to acquire since they weren’t as mass-produced as blockbuster Hollywood films.<ref name=":1" /> Herbert Lee Waters was a local filmmaker/photographer and shared his film collection at the Hollywood theater, one of which was ''Movies of Local People.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=H. Lee Waters film collection, 1936-2005, bulk 1936-1942 |url=https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/36050569 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=researchworks.oclc.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Movies of Local People: Films by H. Lee Waters |url=https://www.digitalnc.org/exhibits/hleewaters/ |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=DigitalNC |language=en-US}}</ref> The ''Movies of Local People'' was a collection of films that followed different North Carolina communities. One of the films in the collection shown at The Hollywood Theater followed Chapel Hill’s local community. H. Lee Waters “...captured scenes of everyday life by setting up his equipment at gathering points like main intersections, schools and downtown”.<ref name=":1" /> The black-and-white silent film centered around local businesses and schools; the [[Orange County Training School]], and Strowd Motor Company's [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] dealership, were featured in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1939 (Reel 1) / H. Lee Waters Film Collection / Duke Digital Repository |url=https://repository.duke.edu/dc/hleewaters/RL10075-BCAM-0003 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Duke Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref> It showcased the local community's daily routine, which was often the focus of Water’s creations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Creator: Waters, H. Lee / H. Lee Waters Film Collection / Duke Digital Repository |url=https://repository.duke.edu/dc/hleewaters?f%5Bcreator_facet_sim%5D%5B%5D=Waters,+H.+Lee |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Duke Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Waters |first=H. Lee |title=Waters Films Showing Black Residents in Chapel Hill in 1939 (Reel 2) |date=1939-01-01 |url=https://fromtherockwall.org/documents/chapel-hill-nc-1939-reel-2 |access-date=2023-04-24}}</ref> Another popular film shown was ''[[The Ghost Breakers]]'' which starred the famous African-American actor [[Willie Best]].<ref name=":1" />


== Current Operations ==
== Current Operations ==
The old Hollywood Theater is now an art and antiques gallery on East Main Street<ref>{{Cite web |title=405 E. MAIN ST. / THE HOLLYWOOD THEATER {{!}} Open Orange |url=https://openorangenc.org/buildings/405-e-main-st-hollywood-theater |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=openorangenc.org}}</ref>. In addition, it has a monthly art display<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Downtown Walking Tour {{!}} Carrboro, NC - Official Website |url=https://www.townofcarrboro.org/2491/Walking-Tour |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.townofcarrboro.org}}</ref>. In 2021, the Marian Cheek Jackson Center and the Chelsea Theater worked together to create a “Community Cinema” program for the Black community to continue sharing and collecting their living history. Eighty years after they were shown at the old Hollywood Theater, Chapel Hill residents gathered once more to watch the two film reels from 1939, ''Movies of Local People,'' that H. Lee Waters filmed in Chapel Hill<ref name=":0" />.
The old Hollywood Theater is now an art and antiques gallery on East Main Street.<ref>{{Cite web |title=405 E. MAIN ST. / THE HOLLYWOOD THEATER {{!}} Open Orange |url=https://openorangenc.org/buildings/405-e-main-st-hollywood-theater |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=openorangenc.org}}</ref> In addition, it has a monthly art display.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Downtown Walking Tour {{!}} Carrboro, NC - Official Website |url=https://www.townofcarrboro.org/2491/Walking-Tour |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.townofcarrboro.org}}</ref> In 2021, the Marian Cheek Jackson Center and the Chelsea Theater worked together to create a “Community Cinema” program for the Black community to continue sharing and collecting their living history. Eighty years after they were shown at the old Hollywood Theater, Chapel Hill residents gathered once more to watch the two film reels from 1939, ''Movies of Local People,'' that H. Lee Waters filmed in Chapel Hill.<ref name=":0" />


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 17:31, 3 May 2023

The Hollywood Theater was a theater that primarily catered to African American patrons in Carrboro, North Carolina between 1939 and 1961. Open every day except for Sunday, the Hollywood Theater saw weekly attendance numbers between 1,300 and 1,500, including children and adults.[1] The theater showed popular Hollywood movies as well as race films - films created for an African American audience featuring African American cast members.

Hollywood Theater
The Exterior of The Hollywood Theater, May 1940
Map
Address405 E. Main Street, Carrboro, NC 27510
United States
Coordinates35°54′38″N 79°03′59″W / 35.910570°N 79.066260°W / 35.910570; -79.066260

History

The Hollywood theater began operations in 1939 on East Main Street in Carrboro, North Carolina after E. Carrington Smith,[2] the manager of the segregated Carolina Theater located on Franklin Street in Chapel Hill, saw a business opportunity in operating a local cinema. He appointed Kenneth Jones to be the manager of the theater. At the time, African Americans in the area only had 3 options for theaters they could attend. They could travel 16 miles away to Durham’s Carolina Theater, go to Bull City’s Wonderland Theater, or the Hollywood Theater.

The Standard Theater was the original segregated theater in Chapel Hill, beginning operations in 1924. It was owned and operated by the Black entrepreneur Durwood O’Kelly.[3] When the white-owned and operated Hollywood Theater opened in 1939, the Standard had to shut its doors because it lost most of its patrons to the Hollywood.[4]

The Hollywood was known for showing popular films coming out of Hollywood as well as a collection of race films. First in 1939 and then again in 1941, the Hollywood had the opportunity to show documentaries of Chapel Hill’s own Black community, some of which were shot by H. Lee Waters who traveled across North Carolina from 1936-1942 filming small communities. In his novel, The Moviegoer, southern author Walker Percy recounts his experience in Hollywood, writing that when someone sees a movie about their own neighborhood, it allows them to become a person who is Somewhere and not Anywhere.[5]

By 1961, amid pressure to desegregate, Smith was forced to close the doors of the Hollywood Theater. He was still the owner of the more popular, all-white Carolina Theater only a few miles away, which was in the midst of integrating. At first, only Black students at the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill were permitted to buy tickets. Next, guests of those students were allowed to buy tickets. Finally, Black non-students were allowed to buy tickets provided they were accompanied by a white patron. On March 10, 1962, the Carolina Theater became fully integrated, making it one of the first theaters in the South to integrate.[6]

Civil Rights Significance

During the Civil Rights Movement, the Hollywood Theater served as a place for members of the Black community to gather. There was an overwhelmingly positive response to Black people having their own theater and being able to see themselves personified in a positive manner on screen, especially amidst a resurgence of the KKK.[7] The decline of the Hollywood started as the Varsity Theater and Carolina Theater began to desegregate in April of 1961. Starting with the admission of Black UNC students with IDs, the Varsity soon allowed all Black people to attend showings. The Carolina Theater followed suit not long after.[6] The pressure of desegregation spreading rapidly throughout the state pushed white Chapel Hill to to open all restaurants and other businesses to Black neighbors. This marked a turning point to the shrinking of the robust Black business district, a crucial economic source for the local Black community.[8] Black people now had access to the other major theaters, so the smaller venue died out from a lack of revenue.[9]

Programming

The Hollywood Theater played a mix of blockbuster Hollywood films such as Tarzan, Shamble, and Gone with the Wind as well as less accessible films. These less accessible films catered to a Black audience, films that had Black directors and/or a predominantly Black cast. These films were often harder to acquire since they weren’t as mass-produced as blockbuster Hollywood films.[5] Herbert Lee Waters was a local filmmaker/photographer and shared his film collection at the Hollywood theater, one of which was Movies of Local People.[10][11] The Movies of Local People was a collection of films that followed different North Carolina communities. One of the films in the collection shown at The Hollywood Theater followed Chapel Hill’s local community. H. Lee Waters “...captured scenes of everyday life by setting up his equipment at gathering points like main intersections, schools and downtown”.[5] The black-and-white silent film centered around local businesses and schools; the Orange County Training School, and Strowd Motor Company's Ford dealership, were featured in the film.[12] It showcased the local community's daily routine, which was often the focus of Water’s creations.[13][14] Another popular film shown was The Ghost Breakers which starred the famous African-American actor Willie Best.[5]

Current Operations

The old Hollywood Theater is now an art and antiques gallery on East Main Street.[15] In addition, it has a monthly art display.[16] In 2021, the Marian Cheek Jackson Center and the Chelsea Theater worked together to create a “Community Cinema” program for the Black community to continue sharing and collecting their living history. Eighty years after they were shown at the old Hollywood Theater, Chapel Hill residents gathered once more to watch the two film reels from 1939, Movies of Local People, that H. Lee Waters filmed in Chapel Hill.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Orange County, North Carolina historic information cache - the Standard and Hollywood theaters". freepages.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  2. ^ "Hollywood Theater | From the Rock Wall". fromtherockwall.org. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  3. ^ "Durwood O'Kelly (O'Kelley) | Open Orange". openorangenc.org. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  4. ^ "Doug Clark - On the Hollywood Theater | From the Rock Wall". fromtherockwall.org. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  5. ^ a b c d Reporter, Local (2023-02-28). "Reel Segregation: The Revealing Racial History of Local Movie Theaters - The Local Reporter". Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  6. ^ a b c Reporter, Local (2023-03-15). "Reel Segregation: 'It Ain't Necessarily So' - The Local Reporter". Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  7. ^ Lewis, Victor (2018-02-14). "Civil Rights in Chapel Hill: Silence is Subjugation". Chapelboro.com. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  8. ^ Ogle, Mike. "Chapel Hill was half Black". stonewalls.substack.com. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  9. ^ "Documenting the American South: Oral Histories of the American South". docsouth.unc.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  10. ^ "H. Lee Waters film collection, 1936-2005, bulk 1936-1942". researchworks.oclc.org. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  11. ^ "Movies of Local People: Films by H. Lee Waters". DigitalNC. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  12. ^ "Chapel Hill (N.C.), 1939 (Reel 1) / H. Lee Waters Film Collection / Duke Digital Repository". Duke Digital Collections. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  13. ^ "Creator: Waters, H. Lee / H. Lee Waters Film Collection / Duke Digital Repository". Duke Digital Collections. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  14. ^ Waters, H. Lee (1939-01-01), Waters Films Showing Black Residents in Chapel Hill in 1939 (Reel 2), retrieved 2023-04-24
  15. ^ "405 E. MAIN ST. / THE HOLLYWOOD THEATER | Open Orange". openorangenc.org. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  16. ^ "Historic Downtown Walking Tour | Carrboro, NC - Official Website". www.townofcarrboro.org. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
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