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{{Short description|SS officer}}
{{Short description|SS officer}}
'''Albert Sauer''' (17 August 1898, [[Misdroy]] – 3 May 1945, [[Falkensee]]) was a German commandant of [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp]].
'''Albert Sauer''' (17 August 1898, [[Misdroy]] – 3 May 1945, [[Falkensee]]) was a [[Nazi Party|Nazi]] German commandant of [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp]]. He died of wounds in 1945, and was never tried for his role in [[The Holocaust]].


==Nazi atrocities and death==
==Life==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 192-317, KZ-Mauthausen, Steinbruch Wiener Graben.jpg|thumb|right|Quarry "''Wiener Graben''" (1941/42)]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 192-317, KZ-Mauthausen, Steinbruch Wiener Graben.jpg|thumb|right|Quarry "''Wiener Graben''" (1941/42)]]
Sauer, a [[carpenter]] by trade, became a member of the [[NSDAP]] (Nazi Party) and the [[SS]] in 1931. After a period of unemployment, he became a full-time SS employee.<ref name="Benz295">[[Wolfgang Benz]], Barbara Distel (ed.). ''Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück'', Vol. 4, Munich 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FIyUJfgUSTgC&dq=Albert+Sauer&pg=PA295 p. 295]</ref>
Sauer, a [[carpenter]] by trade, became a member of the [[NSDAP]] (Nazi Party) and the [[SS]] in 1931. After a period of unemployment, he became a full-time SS employee.<ref name="Benz295">[[Wolfgang Benz]], Barbara Distel (ed.). ''Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück'', Vol. 4, Munich 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FIyUJfgUSTgC&dq=Albert+Sauer&pg=PA295 p. 295]</ref>


A [[protégé]] of the [[Inspector of Concentration Camps]] [[Theodor Eicke]], Sauer was assigned to the SS guard unit (''Wachtruppe'') of [[Oranienburg concentration camp]] in April 1935. From 1 April 1936, he was commandant of [[:de:KZ Bad Sulza|Bad Sulza concentration camp]].<ref>Udo Wohlfeld. ''das netz. Die Konzentrationslager in Thüringen 1933-1937.'' Eine Dokumentation zu den Lagern Nohra, Bad Sulza und Buchenwald, = gesucht 2. Die Vergangenheit für die Zukunft retten!, Weimar 2000, {{ISBN|3-935275-01-3}}, p. 194ff.</ref> Between 1 August 1937 and mid-1938, Sauer was second ''[[Schutzhaftlagerführer]]'' in [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]] and thus belonged to ''[[SS-Totenkopfverbände|"Wachtruppe Brandenburg"]]''.<ref name="Benz295"/> In the period between 1 August 1938 and 1 April 1939, he officially acted as commandant of the then-temporary [[quarry]] ''Wienergraben'', so named because of the Wienergraben Valley in which it was located, of [[Granitwerke Mauthausen]], which relied on slave labor from the subcamps of [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp|Mauthausen-Gusen]]. Due to negligence and excessive mildness to the concentration camp inmates, Sauer was removed from the camp service in April 1939.
A [[protégé]] of the [[Inspector of Concentration Camps]] [[Theodor Eicke]], Sauer was assigned to the SS guard unit (''Wachtruppe'') of [[Oranienburg concentration camp]] in April 1935. From 1 April 1936, he was commandant of [[:de:KZ Bad Sulza|Bad Sulza concentration camp]].<ref>Udo Wohlfeld. ''das netz. Die Konzentrationslager in Thüringen 1933-1937.'' Eine Dokumentation zu den Lagern Nohra, Bad Sulza und Buchenwald, = gesucht 2. Die Vergangenheit für die Zukunft retten!, Weimar 2000, {{ISBN|3-935275-01-3}}, p. 194ff.</ref> Between 1 August 1937 and mid-1938, Sauer was second ''[[Schutzhaftlagerführer]]'' in [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp]] and thus belonged to ''[[SS-Totenkopfverbände|"Wachtruppe Brandenburg"]]''.<ref name="Benz295"/> In the period between 1 August 1938 and 1 April 1939, he officially acted as commandant of the then-temporary [[quarry]] ''Wienergraben'', so named because of the Wienergraben Valley in which it was located, of [[Granitwerke Mauthausen]], which relied on slave labor from the subcamps of [[Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp|Mauthausen-Gusen]]. Due to negligence, Sauer was removed from the camp service in April 1939.


On 9 February 1939, he was replaced as camp commandant by SS-''[[Sturmbannführer]]'' [[Franz Ziereis]].<ref>[[Rudolf A. Haunschmied]], Jan-Ruth Mills, Siegi Witzany-Durda. ''St. Georgen-Gusen-Mauthausen - Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered''. BoD, Norderstedt 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-8334-7440-8}}. p. 54-58</ref> In the period of 1941-1942, he had an official position in the [[RKFDV]] (''[[:de:Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums|Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums]]''; Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood).
On 9 February 1939, he was replaced as camp commandant by SS-''[[Sturmbannführer]]'' [[Franz Ziereis]].<ref>[[Rudolf A. Haunschmied]], Jan-Ruth Mills, Siegi Witzany-Durda. ''St. Georgen-Gusen-Mauthausen - Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered''. BoD, Norderstedt 2008, {{ISBN|978-3-8334-7440-8}}. p. 54-58</ref> In the period of 1941–1942, he had an official position in the [[RKFDV]] (''[[:de:Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums|Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums]]''; Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood).


From September 1942 to April 1943, Sauer was again ''Schutzhaftlagerführer'' in [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]].<ref>Hermann Kaienburg: ''Konzentrationslager Sachsenhausen''. In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.): ''Der Ort des Terrors. Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald.'' Beck, Munich 2006 (Reihe, Vol. 3) {{ISBN|978-3-406-52963-4}}, {{ISBN|3-406-52963-1}}, p. 40</ref> In 1943, Sauer was involved in the destruction of the [[Riga Ghetto]]. Later, he was temporarily the commandant of [[Kaiserwald concentration camp]], which was vacated in July 1944. This operation was completed in September 1944. He died of wounds received at Falkensee on 3 May 1945.<ref>The 'Final Solution' in Riga: Exploitation and Annihilation, 1941-1944 by Andrej Angrick, Peter Klein, Ray Brandon, p. 479</ref>
From September 1942 to April 1943, Sauer was again ''Schutzhaftlagerführer'' in [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]].<ref>Hermann Kaienburg: ''Konzentrationslager Sachsenhausen''. In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.): ''Der Ort des Terrors. Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald.'' Beck, Munich 2006 (Reihe, Vol. 3) {{ISBN|978-3-406-52963-4}}, {{ISBN|3-406-52963-1}}, p. 40</ref> In 1943, Sauer was involved in the destruction of the [[Riga Ghetto]], which involved executing or deporting thousands of people (mostly Jews) to their deaths in concentration camps. Later, he was temporarily the commandant of [[Kaiserwald concentration camp]] which was vacated in July 1944, by execution and deportation of inmates.
He died of wounds received at Falkensee on 3 May 1945.<ref>The 'Final Solution' in Riga: Exploitation and Annihilation, 1941-1944 by Andrej Angrick, Peter Klein, Ray Brandon, p. 479</ref>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==

Revision as of 06:53, 31 October 2023

Albert Sauer (17 August 1898, Misdroy – 3 May 1945, Falkensee) was a Nazi German commandant of Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. He died of wounds in 1945, and was never tried for his role in The Holocaust.

Nazi atrocities and death

Quarry "Wiener Graben" (1941/42)

Sauer, a carpenter by trade, became a member of the NSDAP (Nazi Party) and the SS in 1931. After a period of unemployment, he became a full-time SS employee.[1]

A protégé of the Inspector of Concentration Camps Theodor Eicke, Sauer was assigned to the SS guard unit (Wachtruppe) of Oranienburg concentration camp in April 1935. From 1 April 1936, he was commandant of Bad Sulza concentration camp.[2] Between 1 August 1937 and mid-1938, Sauer was second Schutzhaftlagerführer in Sachsenhausen concentration camp and thus belonged to "Wachtruppe Brandenburg".[1] In the period between 1 August 1938 and 1 April 1939, he officially acted as commandant of the then-temporary quarry Wienergraben, so named because of the Wienergraben Valley in which it was located, of Granitwerke Mauthausen, which relied on slave labor from the subcamps of Mauthausen-Gusen. Due to negligence, Sauer was removed from the camp service in April 1939.

On 9 February 1939, he was replaced as camp commandant by SS-Sturmbannführer Franz Ziereis.[3] In the period of 1941–1942, he had an official position in the RKFDV (Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums; Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood).

From September 1942 to April 1943, Sauer was again Schutzhaftlagerführer in Sachsenhausen.[4] In 1943, Sauer was involved in the destruction of the Riga Ghetto, which involved executing or deporting thousands of people (mostly Jews) to their deaths in concentration camps. Later, he was temporarily the commandant of Kaiserwald concentration camp which was vacated in July 1944, by execution and deportation of inmates.

He died of wounds received at Falkensee on 3 May 1945.[5]

Bibliography

  • Eberhard Jäckel et al.: Enzyklopädie des Holocaust, Vol. 2, Tel Aviv
  • Stefan Hördler: Die Schlussphase des Konzentrationslagers Ravensbrück, in: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft, Book 3, 2008, p. 229, Fn 34
  • Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.): Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück, Vol. 4, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3406-52964-1

References

  1. ^ a b Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.). Der Ort des Terrors: Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager, Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück, Vol. 4, Munich 2006, p. 295
  2. ^ Udo Wohlfeld. das netz. Die Konzentrationslager in Thüringen 1933-1937. Eine Dokumentation zu den Lagern Nohra, Bad Sulza und Buchenwald, = gesucht 2. Die Vergangenheit für die Zukunft retten!, Weimar 2000, ISBN 3-935275-01-3, p. 194ff.
  3. ^ Rudolf A. Haunschmied, Jan-Ruth Mills, Siegi Witzany-Durda. St. Georgen-Gusen-Mauthausen - Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered. BoD, Norderstedt 2008, ISBN 978-3-8334-7440-8. p. 54-58
  4. ^ Hermann Kaienburg: Konzentrationslager Sachsenhausen. In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.): Der Ort des Terrors. Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald. Beck, Munich 2006 (Reihe, Vol. 3) ISBN 978-3-406-52963-4, ISBN 3-406-52963-1, p. 40
  5. ^ The 'Final Solution' in Riga: Exploitation and Annihilation, 1941-1944 by Andrej Angrick, Peter Klein, Ray Brandon, p. 479
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