Transpac (data network): Difference between revisions
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'''Transpac''', also written TRANSPAC, was a French [[public data network]] that operated from the |
'''Transpac''', also written TRANSPAC, was a French [[public data network]] that operated from the December 1978 to June 2012. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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It was opened in December 1978 by the semi-public Transpac society. |
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| ⚫ | It offered the [[X.25]] interface to its users, the [[CCITT]] standard of 1976 for which computer scientists of the [[Centre national d'études des télécommunications]] (CNET) had played a major role. This network has been part of the worldwide X.25 network which, before the Internet, permitted data exchanges around the planet.<ref name="TPC1" /> |
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| ⚫ | Initially created for professional customers, it was later used by millions of French terminals [[Minitel]]s to access consumer applications, forerunners of those of the Internet.<ref name=TPC1>{{cite web| url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5621965| title=X.25 Virtual Circuits - Transpac in France - Pre-Internet Data Networking| date=November 2010}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Initially created for professional customers, it was later used by millions of French terminals [[Minitel]]s to access consumer applications, forerunners of those of the Internet.<ref name=TPC1>{{cite web| url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5621965| title=X.25 Virtual Circuits - Transpac in France - Pre-Internet Data Networking| date=November 2010| publisher=IEEE}}</ref> |
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In 1987, Transpac was the world's largest public packet-switched network with revenues of nearly $400m.<ref>{{Cite book |last=IDG Network World |first= |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nRIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA67&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif-M_vpquCAxX7UEEAHVORBPoQ6AF6BAgBEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Network World |date=1988-09-26 |publisher=IDG Network World Inc |language=en}}</ref> Minitel videotex services accounted for 45% of its data and 20% of its $678m revenue in 1990.<ref>{{Cite book |last=IDG Network World |first= |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ww0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif-M_vpquCAxX7UEEAHVORBPoQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&f=false |title=Network World |date=1991-09-16 |publisher=IDG Network World Inc |language=en}}</ref> By 1991, it was operating in fifteen European countries.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chung |first=Seon Jong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0WQ52T7WX4C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA119&hl=en |title=Information Highways for a Smaller World and Better Living: Proceedings of ICCC'95 (12th International Conference on Computer Communication) August 21-24, Seoul |date=1996 |publisher=IOS Press |isbn=978-90-5199-240-3 |language=en}}</ref> |
In 1987, Transpac was the world's largest public packet-switched network with revenues of nearly $400m.<ref>{{Cite book |last=IDG Network World |first= |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nRIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA67&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif-M_vpquCAxX7UEEAHVORBPoQ6AF6BAgBEAI#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Network World |date=1988-09-26 |publisher=IDG Network World Inc |language=en}}</ref> Minitel videotex services accounted for 45% of its data and 20% of its $678m revenue in 1990.<ref>{{Cite book |last=IDG Network World |first= |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ww0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA25&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif-M_vpquCAxX7UEEAHVORBPoQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&f=false |title=Network World |date=1991-09-16 |publisher=IDG Network World Inc |language=en}}</ref> By 1991, it was operating in fifteen European countries.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chung |first=Seon Jong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0WQ52T7WX4C&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA119&hl=en |title=Information Highways for a Smaller World and Better Living: Proceedings of ICCC'95 (12th International Conference on Computer Communication) August 21-24, Seoul |date=1996 |publisher=IOS Press |isbn=978-90-5199-240-3 |language=en}}</ref> |
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France Télécom closed the [[Minitel|Minitel service]], and the Transpac network via which it was available, in June 2012.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/how-france-fell-out-of-love-with-minitel-7831816.html| title=How France fell out of love with Minitel| date=June 2012| publisher=INDEPENDENT}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 14:24, 5 November 2023
Transpac, also written TRANSPAC, was a French public data network that operated from the December 1978 to June 2012.
History
It was opened in December 1978 by the semi-public Transpac society.
It offered the X.25 interface to its users, the CCITT standard of 1976 for which computer scientists of the Centre national d'études des télécommunications (CNET) had played a major role. This network has been part of the worldwide X.25 network which, before the Internet, permitted data exchanges around the planet.[1]
Initially created for professional customers, it was later used by millions of French terminals Minitels to access consumer applications, forerunners of those of the Internet.[1]
In 1987, Transpac was the world's largest public packet-switched network with revenues of nearly $400m.[2] Minitel videotex services accounted for 45% of its data and 20% of its $678m revenue in 1990.[3] By 1991, it was operating in fifteen European countries.[4]
France Télécom closed the Minitel service, and the Transpac network via which it was available, in June 2012.[5]
See also
References
- ^ a b "X.25 Virtual Circuits - Transpac in France - Pre-Internet Data Networking". IEEE. November 2010.
- ^ IDG Network World (1988-09-26). Network World. IDG Network World Inc.
- ^ IDG Network World (1991-09-16). Network World. IDG Network World Inc.
- ^ Chung, Seon Jong (1996). Information Highways for a Smaller World and Better Living: Proceedings of ICCC'95 (12th International Conference on Computer Communication) August 21-24, Seoul. IOS Press. ISBN 978-90-5199-240-3.
- ^ "How France fell out of love with Minitel". INDEPENDENT. June 2012.
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