Minister of the Left: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Government position in pre-modern Japanese imperial court}} |
{{Short description|Government position in pre-modern Japanese imperial court}} |
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{{Daijō-kan}} |
{{Daijō-kan}} |
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The {{nihongo|'''Minister of the Left'''|左大臣|Sadaijin}}<ref name="ReferenceA">''Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary'', Kenkyusha Limited, {{ISBN|4-7674-2015-6}}</ref> was a government position in [[Japan]] in the late [[Nara period|Nara]] and [[Heian period]]s (only? {{cn|date=March 2024}}). The position was consolidated{{cn|date=March 2024}} in the [[Taihō Code]] of 702. |
The {{nihongo|'''Minister of the Left'''|左大臣|Sadaijin}}<ref name="ReferenceA">''Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary'', Kenkyusha Limited, {{ISBN|4-7674-2015-6}}</ref> was a government position in [[Japan]] in the late [[Nara period|Nara]] (dates requested) and [[Heian period]]s (only? {{cn|date=March 2024}}). The position was consolidated{{cn|date=March 2024}} in the [[Taihō Code]] of 702. |
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The [[Asuka Kiyomihara Code]] of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''sadaijin'' in the context of a central administrative{{cn|date=March 2024}} body called the ''[[Daijō-kan]]''<ref name="ReferenceA"/> (Council of State). This early{{cn|date=March 2024}} Daijō-kan was composed of the three ministers—the ''[[daijō-daijin]]'' (Chancellor), the ''sadaijin'' and the ''[[udaijin]]'' (Minister of the Right).<ref name="hall232">Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1993). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nCJwEDzyxNgC&pg=PA232 ''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232.]</ref> |
The [[Asuka Kiyomihara Code]] of 689 marks the initial appearance{{cn|date=March 2024}} of the ''sadaijin'' in the context{{cn|date=March 2024}} of a{{cn|date=March 2024}} central administrative{{cn|date=March 2024}} body{{cn|date=March 2024}} called the ''[[Daijō-kan]]''<ref name="ReferenceA"/> (Council of State). This early{{cn|date=March 2024}} Daijō-kan was composed of the three{{cn|date=March 2024}} ministers—the ''[[daijō-daijin]]'' (Chancellor), the ''sadaijin'' and the ''[[udaijin]]'' (Minister of the Right).<ref name="hall232">Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1993). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nCJwEDzyxNgC&pg=PA232 ''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232.]</ref> |
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The ''sadaijin'' was the Senior Minister of State, overseeing all functions of government with the ''[[udaijin]]'' as his deputy.<ref>''Shin-meikai-kokugo-jiten'',Sanseido Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1974</ref> |
The ''sadaijin'' was the Senior{{cn|date=March 2024}} Minister of State, overseeing{{cn|date=March 2024}} all{{cn|date=March 2024}} functions{{cn|date=March 2024}} of government{{cn|date=March 2024}} with the ''[[udaijin]]'' as his{{cn|date=March 2024}} deputy.<ref>''Shin-meikai-kokugo-jiten'',Sanseido Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1974</ref>(Page numbers requested) |
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Within the ''Daijō-kan'', the ''sadaijin'' was second only to the ''[[daijō-daijin]]'' (the Great Minister, or Chancellor of the Realm) in power{{cn|date=March 2024}} and influence{{cn|date=March 2024}}. Frequently{{cn|date=March 2024}}, a member of the [[Fujiwara family]] would take the position in order to help justify and exercise{{cn|date=March 2024}} the power and influence the family held.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
Within the ''Daijō-kan'', the ''sadaijin'' was second only to the ''[[daijō-daijin]]'' (the Great Minister, or Chancellor of the Realm) in power{{cn|date=March 2024}} and influence{{cn|date=March 2024}}. Frequently{{cn|date=March 2024}}, a member of the [[Fujiwara family]] would{{cn|date=March 2024}} take the position in order{{cn|date=March 2024}} to help{{cn|date=March 2024}} justify{{cn|date=March 2024}} and exercise{{cn|date=March 2024}} the power and influence the family held.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
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The post of ''sadaijin'', along with the rest of the ''Daijō-kan'' structure, gradually{{cn|date=March 2024}} lost power over the 10th{{cn|date=March 2024}} and 11th{{cn|date=March 2024}} centuries, as the Fujiwara{{cn|date=March 2024}} came to dominate politics more and more. The system was essentially powerless{{cn|date=March 2024}} by the end{{cn|date=March 2024}} of the 12th century{{cn|date=March 2024}}, when the [[Minamoto]], a warrior clan{{cn|date=March 2024}}, seized control of the country{{cn|date=March 2024}} from the court{{cn|date=March 2024}} aristocracy (''[[kuge]]''{{cn|date=March 2024}}). However, it is not entirely{{cn|date=March 2024}} clear when the ''Daijō-kan'' system{{cn|date=March 2024}} was formally{{cn|date=March 2024}} dismantled{{cn|date=March 2024}} prior{{cn|date=March 2024}} to the Meiji{{cn|date=March 2024}} era.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
The post{{cn|date=March 2024}} of ''sadaijin'', along with the rest{{cn|date=March 2024}} of the ''Daijō-kan'' structure, gradually{{cn|date=March 2024}} lost power over the 10th{{cn|date=March 2024}} and 11th{{cn|date=March 2024}} centuries, as the Fujiwara{{cn|date=March 2024}} came to dominate{{cn|date=March 2024}} politics{{cn|date=March 2024}} more{{cn|date=March 2024}} and more{{cn|date=March 2024}}. The system was essentially{{cn|date=March 2024}} powerless{{cn|date=March 2024}} by the end{{cn|date=March 2024}} of the 12th century{{cn|date=March 2024}}, when the{{cn|date=March 2024}} [[Minamoto]], a warrior clan{{cn|date=March 2024}}, seized{{cn|date=March 2024}} control{{cn|date=March 2024}} of the country{{cn|date=March 2024}} from{{cn|date=March 2024}} the court{{cn|date=March 2024}} aristocracy{{cn|date=March 2024}} (''[[kuge]]''{{cn|date=March 2024}}). However{{cn|date=March 2024}}, it{{cn|date=March 2024}} is not entirely{{cn|date=March 2024}} clear{{cn|date=March 2024}} when{{cn|date=March 2024}} the ''Daijō-kan'' system{{cn|date=March 2024}} was formally{{cn|date=March 2024}} dismantled{{cn|date=March 2024}} prior{{cn|date=March 2024}} to the Meiji{{cn|date=March 2024}} era.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Imperial Household Agency]] |
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* ''[[Kōkyū]]'' |
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* ''[[Kugyō]]'' |
* ''[[Kugyō]]'' |
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* [[List of Daijō-daijin|List of ''Daijō-daijin'']] |
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* [[Sesshō and Kampaku|''Sesshō'' and ''Kampaku'']] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 10:10, 4 March 2024
 | This template needs additional citations for verification. (March 2024) |
 |
 | This section's factual accuracy is disputed. (March 2024) |
| Premodern Japan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Daijō-daijin | |
| Minister of the Left | Sadaijin |
| Minister of the Right | Udaijin |
| Minister of the Center | Naidaijin |
| Major Counselor | Dainagon |
| Middle Counselor | Chūnagon |
| Minor Counselor | Shōnagon |
| Eight Ministries | |
| Center | Nakatsukasa-shō |
| Ceremonial | Shikibu-shō |
| Civil Administration | Jibu-shō |
| Popular Affairs | Minbu-shō |
| War | Hyōbu-shō |
| Justice | Gyōbu-shō |
| Treasury | Ōkura-shō |
| Imperial Household | Kunai-shō |
The Minister of the Left (左大臣, Sadaijin)[1] was a government position in Japan in the late Nara (dates requested) and Heian periods (only? [citation needed]). The position was consolidated[citation needed] in the Taihō Code of 702.
The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance[citation needed] of the sadaijin in the context[citation needed] of a[citation needed] central administrative[citation needed] body[citation needed] called the Daijō-kan[1] (Council of State). This early[citation needed] Daijō-kan was composed of the three[citation needed] ministers—the daijō-daijin (Chancellor), the sadaijin and the udaijin (Minister of the Right).[2]
The sadaijin was the Senior[citation needed] Minister of State, overseeing[citation needed] all[citation needed] functions[citation needed] of government[citation needed] with the udaijin as his[citation needed] deputy.[3](Page numbers requested)
Within the Daijō-kan, the sadaijin was second only to the daijō-daijin (the Great Minister, or Chancellor of the Realm) in power[citation needed] and influence[citation needed]. Frequently[citation needed], a member of the Fujiwara family would[citation needed] take the position in order[citation needed] to help[citation needed] justify[citation needed] and exercise[citation needed] the power and influence the family held.[citation needed]
The post[citation needed] of sadaijin, along with the rest[citation needed] of the Daijō-kan structure, gradually[citation needed] lost power over the 10th[citation needed] and 11th[citation needed] centuries, as the Fujiwara[citation needed] came to dominate[citation needed] politics[citation needed] more[citation needed] and more[citation needed]. The system was essentially[citation needed] powerless[citation needed] by the end[citation needed] of the 12th century[citation needed], when the[citation needed] Minamoto, a warrior clan[citation needed], seized[citation needed] control[citation needed] of the country[citation needed] from[citation needed] the court[citation needed] aristocracy[citation needed] (kuge[citation needed]). However[citation needed], it[citation needed] is not entirely[citation needed] clear[citation needed] when[citation needed] the Daijō-kan system[citation needed] was formally[citation needed] dismantled[citation needed] prior[citation needed] to the Meiji[citation needed] era.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, ISBN 4-7674-2015-6
- ^ Hall, John Whitney et al. (1993). The Cambridge History of Japan, p. 232.
- ^ Shin-meikai-kokugo-jiten,Sanseido Co., Ltd. Tokyo 1974
Related bibliography
- (in Japanese) Asai, T. (1985). Nyokan Tūkai. Tokyo: Kōdansha.
- Dickenson, Walter G. (1869). Japan: Being a Sketch of the History, Government and Officers of the Empire. London: W. Blackwood and Sons. OCLC 10716445
- Hall, John Whitney, Delmer M. Brown and Kozo Yamamura. (1993). The Cambridge History of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22352-2
- Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan. [Translated by Fujiko Hara]. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05095-3 (cloth)
- (in Japanese) Ozaki, Yukio. (1955). Ozak Gakudō Zenshū. Tokyo: Kōronsha.
- Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-7007-1720-X
- (in French) Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
- Varley, H. Paul, ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4