Sehoy III: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Creek trader (c. 1750 – 1813)}} |
{{Short description|Creek trader (c. 1750 – 1813)}} |
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[[File:Sehoy III grave.JPG|thumb|Grave of Sehoy III]] |
[[File:Sehoy III grave.JPG|thumb|Grave of Sehoy III]] |
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'''Sehoy III''', also called '''Sehoy Weatherford''' (c. 1750 – c. 1815) was a [[Muscogee]] Creek trader who was part of the Sehoy [[Matrilineality|matrilineage]]. |
'''Sehoy III''', also called '''Sehoy Weatherford''' (c. 1750 – c. 1815) was a [[Muscogee]] Creek trader who was part of the Sehoy [[Matrilineality|matrilineage]]. Like her mother and [[Sehoy|grandmother]], both also called Sehoy, she contracted multiple marriages with white traders. According to Muscogee custom, her sons inherited her tribal identity and later fought on the Creek side of the [[Creek War]] and the [[Red Sticks]] rebellion. After inheriting property, Sehoy III set herself up as a successful trader in [[Coosada, Alabama|Coosada]]. |
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== Early life and family == |
== Early life and family == |
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She was born around 1750 to [[Sehoy II]], a Muscogee Wind Clan woman, and her husband Malcolm McPherson, a Scottish trader. (Other family tradition makes Sehoy III’s father a [[Tukabatchee|Tuckabatchee]] chieftain).<ref>{{Cite book |last=L. J. Newcomb Comings |url=http://archive.org/details/a-brief-history-of-baldwin-county |title=A Brief History of Baldwin County |date=1928-08-01 |pages=27}}</ref> Her siblings were Elizabeth and Malcolm McPherson II; she also had half-siblings, [[Sophia Durant]], [[Alexander McGillivray]], and Jeanette Milfort Crook, from Sehoy II’s marriage to [[Lachlan McGillivray]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Amos J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7T2HCPyMhkC&pg=PA190 |title=The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders: On the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815 |date=2007-02-28 |publisher=NewSouth Books |isbn=978-1-60306-014-1 |pages=193 |language=en}}</ref> |
She was born around 1750 to [[Sehoy II]], a Muscogee Wind Clan woman, and her husband Malcolm McPherson, a Scottish trader. (Other family tradition makes Sehoy III’s father a [[Tukabatchee|Tuckabatchee]] chieftain).<ref>{{Cite book |last=L. J. Newcomb Comings |url=http://archive.org/details/a-brief-history-of-baldwin-county |title=A Brief History of Baldwin County |date=1928-08-01 |pages=27}}</ref> Her siblings were Elizabeth and Malcolm McPherson II; she also had half-siblings, [[Sophia Durant]], [[Alexander McGillivray]], and Jeanette Milfort Crook, from Sehoy II’s marriage to [[Lachlan McGillivray]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Amos J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A7T2HCPyMhkC&pg=PA190 |title=The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders: On the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815 |date=2007-02-28 |publisher=NewSouth Books |isbn=978-1-60306-014-1 |pages=193 |language=en}}</ref> After being raised by his Scottish father, Alexander positioned himself as a Creek leader, with Sophia acting as his spokesperson. |
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When she was about eight years old, Sehoy III moved into the household of Alexander’s advisor and eventual father-in-law, the Dutch trader Jacob Moniac, and his wife Polly. When she was about fifteen Sehoy III and Jacob had a daughter, Hannah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Waselkov |first=Gregory A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3p0AAAAMAAJ&q=sehoy+iii+had+a+difficult+childhood |title=A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814 |date=2006-11-04 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |isbn=978-0-8173-1491-0 |pages=39–40 |language=en}}</ref> |
When she was about eight years old, Sehoy III moved into the household of Alexander’s advisor and eventual father-in-law, the Dutch trader Jacob Moniac, and his wife Polly. When she was about fifteen Sehoy III and Jacob had a daughter, Hannah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Waselkov |first=Gregory A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3p0AAAAMAAJ&q=sehoy+iii+had+a+difficult+childhood |title=A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814 |date=2006-11-04 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |isbn=978-0-8173-1491-0 |pages=39–40 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Charles Weatherford == |
== Charles Weatherford == |
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In 1779/80, Sehoy III met and married Charles Weatherford, a trader from [[Virginia]] who had come to [[Coosada, Alabama|Coosada]] to seek refuge from [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] fighting. Their children were [[William Weatherford|William]] (b. 1781) and Elizabeth, who married a pair of siblings from the Moniac family. Charles Weatherford established a plantation downstream from Sehoy’s residence at Coosada, where he trafficked in stolen horses. He spent twelve months imprisoned for debt in 1787–8, during which time Alexander McGillivray petitioned the Spanish officials for his release on the grounds of the distress of Sehoy and their children. In 1798 he narrowly escaped being exiled by a council of Creek elders for being a |
In 1779/80, Sehoy III met and married Charles Weatherford, a trader from [[Virginia]] who had come to [[Coosada, Alabama|Coosada]] to seek refuge from [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] fighting. Their children were [[William Weatherford|William]] (b. 1781) and Elizabeth, who married a pair of siblings from the Moniac family. Charles Weatherford established a plantation downstream from Sehoy’s residence at Coosada, where he trafficked in stolen horses. He spent twelve months imprisoned for debt in 1787–8, during which time Alexander McGillivray petitioned the Spanish officials for his release on the grounds of the distress of Sehoy and their children. In 1798 he narrowly escaped being exiled by a council of Creek elders for being a 'meddler.'<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Waselkov |first=Gregory A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3p0AAAAMAAJ&q=sehoy+iii+had+a+difficult+childhood |title=A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814 |date=2006-11-04 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |isbn=978-0-8173-1491-0 |pages=42–3 |language=en}}</ref> |
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In 1799, Sehoy III claimed her brother Malcolm II’s property when he died according to Creek law.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wright |first=Miller Shores |date=2020 |title="A Man's Children Have No Claim to His Property": Creek Matrilineal Property Relations and Gendered Conflict at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/95739766 |journal=Native South |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=159 |doi=10.1353/nso.2020.0005 |s2cid=241736741 |issn=2152-4025}}</ref> Charles had moved to a smaller residence downstream and Sehoy, defending her matrilineal wealth from him, ran a trading establishment and lived |
In 1799, Sehoy III claimed her brother Malcolm II’s property when he died according to Creek law.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wright |first=Miller Shores |date=2020 |title="A Man's Children Have No Claim to His Property": Creek Matrilineal Property Relations and Gendered Conflict at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/95739766 |journal=Native South |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=159 |doi=10.1353/nso.2020.0005 |s2cid=241736741 |issn=2152-4025}}</ref> Charles had moved to a smaller residence downstream and Sehoy, defending her matrilineal wealth from him, ran a trading establishment and lived 'in some taste, but expensively.'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hawkins |first=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ggWAQAAIAAJ&q=sehoy |title=Letters, Journals, and Writings of Benjamin Hawkins: 1796-1801 |date=1980 |publisher=Beehive Press |pages=25 |language=en}}</ref> Hawkins reports that she owned thirty [[Atlantic slave trade|black slaves]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hawkins |first=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ggWAQAAIAAJ&q=sehoy |title=Letters, Journals, and Writings of Benjamin Hawkins: 1796-1801 |date=1980 |publisher=Beehive Press |pages=298 |language=en}}</ref> Charles eventually left for the [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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Sehoy III died about 1813, at which time her son [[William Weatherford]] was emerging as a leader in the [[Red Sticks]]. |
Sehoy III died about 1813, at which time her son [[William Weatherford]] was emerging as a leader in the [[Red Sticks]]. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}}<!--Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations.--> |
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[[Category:1813 deaths]] |
[[Category:1813 deaths]] |
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Revision as of 22:54, 18 June 2024
Sehoy III, also called Sehoy Weatherford (c. 1750 – c. 1815) was a Muscogee Creek trader who was part of the Sehoy matrilineage. Like her mother and grandmother, both also called Sehoy, she contracted multiple marriages with white traders. According to Muscogee custom, her sons inherited her tribal identity and later fought on the Creek side of the Creek War and the Red Sticks rebellion. After inheriting property, Sehoy III set herself up as a successful trader in Coosada.
Early life and family
She was born around 1750 to Sehoy II, a Muscogee Wind Clan woman, and her husband Malcolm McPherson, a Scottish trader. (Other family tradition makes Sehoy III’s father a Tuckabatchee chieftain).[1] Her siblings were Elizabeth and Malcolm McPherson II; she also had half-siblings, Sophia Durant, Alexander McGillivray, and Jeanette Milfort Crook, from Sehoy II’s marriage to Lachlan McGillivray.[2] After being raised by his Scottish father, Alexander positioned himself as a Creek leader, with Sophia acting as his spokesperson.
When she was about eight years old, Sehoy III moved into the household of Alexander’s advisor and eventual father-in-law, the Dutch trader Jacob Moniac, and his wife Polly. When she was about fifteen Sehoy III and Jacob had a daughter, Hannah.[3]
David Taitt
In about 1776 in Little Tallassee, Sehoy III married David Taitt, a Scottish surveyor and mapmaker who was Deputy Superintendent of Indian Affairs to the Creek Nation at the time.[4] Taitt was a colleague of Sehoy's half-brother Alexander McGillivray, who foiled a Creek plot to assassinate him in 1777. He and Sehoy had two children, Davy (b. 1778) and Eloise, who spelled their surname Tate. Davy was mostly raised by Alexander McGillivray’s family from the age of twelve, and was later involved with the Creek War. David Taitt left Little Tallassee in 1778 due to the request of his superintendent and the danger posed to him by factional fighting there, and does not appear to have maintained contact with Sehoy III and their children.[5]
Charles Weatherford
In 1779/80, Sehoy III met and married Charles Weatherford, a trader from Virginia who had come to Coosada to seek refuge from Revolutionary War fighting. Their children were William (b. 1781) and Elizabeth, who married a pair of siblings from the Moniac family. Charles Weatherford established a plantation downstream from Sehoy’s residence at Coosada, where he trafficked in stolen horses. He spent twelve months imprisoned for debt in 1787–8, during which time Alexander McGillivray petitioned the Spanish officials for his release on the grounds of the distress of Sehoy and their children. In 1798 he narrowly escaped being exiled by a council of Creek elders for being a 'meddler.'[6]
In 1799, Sehoy III claimed her brother Malcolm II’s property when he died according to Creek law.[7] Charles had moved to a smaller residence downstream and Sehoy, defending her matrilineal wealth from him, ran a trading establishment and lived 'in some taste, but expensively.'[8] Hawkins reports that she owned thirty black slaves.[9] Charles eventually left for the Bahamas.[6]
Sehoy III died about 1813, at which time her son William Weatherford was emerging as a leader in the Red Sticks.
References
- ^ L. J. Newcomb Comings (1928-08-01). A Brief History of Baldwin County. p. 27.
- ^ Wright, Amos J. (2007-02-28). The McGillivray and McIntosh Traders: On the Old Southwest Frontier 1716-1815. NewSouth Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-60306-014-1.
- ^ Waselkov, Gregory A. (2006-11-04). A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814. University of Alabama Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-0-8173-1491-0.
- ^ "Taitt, David". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
- ^ Waselkov, Gregory A. (2006-11-04). A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814. University of Alabama Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-8173-1491-0.
- ^ a b Waselkov, Gregory A. (2006-11-04). A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814. University of Alabama Press. pp. 42–3. ISBN 978-0-8173-1491-0.
- ^ Wright, Miller Shores (2020). ""A Man's Children Have No Claim to His Property": Creek Matrilineal Property Relations and Gendered Conflict at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century". Native South. 13 (1): 159. doi:10.1353/nso.2020.0005. ISSN 2152-4025. S2CID 241736741.
- ^ Hawkins, Benjamin (1980). Letters, Journals, and Writings of Benjamin Hawkins: 1796-1801. Beehive Press. p. 25.
- ^ Hawkins, Benjamin (1980). Letters, Journals, and Writings of Benjamin Hawkins: 1796-1801. Beehive Press. p. 298.