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His younger brother, Hillary Chollet, had become a high school football star, recruited by rival colleges [[Louisiana State University]] (LSU) and [[Tulane]]. After Hillary chose Tulane, the family's genealogy came under increased scrutiny. Louisiana colleges were segregated, and neither Tulane nor Loyola accepted black students at the time.{{sfn|Lewis|2020}} Chollet's Wolf Pack teammates wanted him to stay at Loyola but could not influence the unfolding events.<ref group="note">Loyola teammate, Sam Ciolino, later reflected, "The family left because you would get shut out of a lot of things if you were black. Today's a different environment altogether, but back then, it wasn't. I guarantee you the guys at Loyola didn't want him to leave. Leroy was the best-liked guy on our team." Teammate Jack Atchley asked, "What could we do? We were just regular people" {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=74}}.</ref> Amidst public rumors of their African American ancestry, the Chollet parents endured harassment, the family was ostracized socially, and both brothers were pushed out of New Orleans' white universities.<ref group="note">According to journalist Mark Bernstein, even their church made them "feel unwelcome", and "Tulane quietly suggested that Chollet might find it difficult to go there" {{harv|Bernstein|2001|p=189}}.</ref> Hillary went out of state to [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]], and Leroy transferred to [[Canisius College]], a private Jesuit college in [[Buffalo, New York]]. Their older brother Al and their parents followed them to [[New York (state)|New York]] after an experience the family described as "being run out of town".<ref group="note">Loyola University has officially maintained that Leroy Chollet's transfer was due to academic reasons in statements as recently as 2007 {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=72}}. Loyola University officials, Chollet family members, and Loyola alumni all agree that the family was "exiled from town" over race {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=73}}. Family members bitterly described the experience as being forced out of New Orleans. Older brother Al Chollet's daughter recalled that her father was "resentful about what he called 'being run out of town{{'"}} {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=80}}.</ref>{{sfn|Lewis|2020}}
His younger brother, Hillary Chollet, had become a high school football star, recruited by rival colleges [[Louisiana State University]] (LSU) and [[Tulane]]. After Hillary chose Tulane, the family's genealogy came under increased scrutiny. Louisiana colleges were segregated, and neither Tulane nor Loyola accepted black students at the time.{{sfn|Lewis|2020}} Chollet's Wolf Pack teammates wanted him to stay at Loyola but could not influence the unfolding events.<ref group="note">Loyola teammate, Sam Ciolino, later reflected, "The family left because you would get shut out of a lot of things if you were black. Today's a different environment altogether, but back then, it wasn't. I guarantee you the guys at Loyola didn't want him to leave. Leroy was the best-liked guy on our team." Teammate Jack Atchley asked, "What could we do? We were just regular people" {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=74}}.</ref> Amidst public rumors of their African American ancestry, the Chollet parents endured harassment, the family was ostracized socially, and both brothers were pushed out of New Orleans' white universities.<ref group="note">According to journalist Mark Bernstein, even their church made them "feel unwelcome", and "Tulane quietly suggested that Chollet might find it difficult to go there" {{harv|Bernstein|2001|p=189}}.</ref> Hillary went out of state to [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]], and Leroy transferred to [[Canisius College]], a private Jesuit college in [[Buffalo, New York]]. Their older brother Al and their parents followed them to [[New York (state)|New York]] after an experience the family described as "being run out of town".<ref group="note">Loyola University has officially maintained that Leroy Chollet's transfer was due to academic reasons in statements as recently as 2007 {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=72}}. Loyola University officials, Chollet family members, and Loyola alumni all agree that the family was "exiled from town" over race {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=73}}. Family members bitterly described the experience as being forced out of New Orleans. Older brother Al Chollet's daughter recalled that her father was "resentful about what he called 'being run out of town{{'"}} {{harv|Vargas|2013|p=80}}.</ref>{{sfn|Lewis|2020}}


Chollet played three seasons for Canisius{{sfn|SSAC|2023}} during an era of post-war growth for [[Western New York]] sports.{{sfn|Starr|2009|pp=139-151}} Canisius sold out the [[Buffalo Memorial Auditorium]] for the first time,{{sfn|Starr|2009|pp=140-141}} and the school played games in [[Madison Square Garden]] to audiences of over 17,000 fans.{{sfn|Starr|2009|p=148}} While Chollet was on the team, Louisiana State University traveled to New York twice and lost to Canisius both times.{{sfn|Lewis|2020}} Canisius's 55&ndash;45 win over Baylor was the first televised basketball game in Western New York.{{sfn|Starr|2009|pp=151-152}} Chollet became the school's first player to total 1,000 points.{{sfn|SSAC|2023}} In the final game of his senior season, Chollet scored 14 points to push the school record to 1,116 total points.{{Sfn|Canisius|1964}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Holy Cross Beats Canisius |date=March 18, 1949 |newspaper=Press and Sun-Bulletin |location=Binghamton, New York |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/260246538/ |access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>
Chollet played three seasons for Canisius{{sfn|SSAC|2023}} during an era of post-war growth for [[Western New York]] sports.{{sfn|Starr|2009|pp=139-151}} Canisius sold out the [[Buffalo Memorial Auditorium]] for the first time,{{sfn|Starr|2009|pp=140-141}} and the school played games in [[Madison Square Garden]] to audiences of over 17,000 fans.{{sfn|Starr|2009|p=148}} While Chollet was on the team, Louisiana State University traveled to New York twice and lost to Canisius both times.{{sfn|Lewis|2020}} Canisius's 55&ndash;45 win over Baylor was the first televised basketball game in Western New York.{{sfn|Starr|2009|pp=151-152}} Chollet became the school's first player to total 1,000 points.{{sfn|SSAC|2023}} In 1949, Chollet scored 14 points to push the school record to 1,116 total points in the final game of his senior season.{{Sfn|Canisius|1964}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Holy Cross Beats Canisius |date=March 18, 1949 |newspaper=Press and Sun-Bulletin |location=Binghamton, New York |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/260246538/ |access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref>


In New York, the Chollet family again passed as white. Louisiana newspapers did not openly publish their ancestry,{{sfn|Vargas|2013|p=73}} and the family was not a part of the local black community.{{sfn|Lewis|2020}} Canisius later claimed Leroy Chollet as their first African American basketball player.{{sfn|SSAC|2023}} Chollet was inducted into the Canisius Hall of Fame in 1964,{{sfn|Canisius|1964}} and the Loyola Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993.{{sfn|Holy Cross|2020}}
In New York, the Chollet family again passed as white. Louisiana newspapers did not openly publish their ancestry,{{sfn|Vargas|2013|p=73}} and the family was not a part of the local black community.{{sfn|Lewis|2020}} Canisius later claimed Leroy Chollet as their first African American basketball player.{{sfn|SSAC|2023}} Chollet was inducted into the Canisius Hall of Fame in 1964,{{sfn|Canisius|1964}} and the Loyola Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993.{{sfn|Holy Cross|2020}}

Revision as of 04:35, 22 June 2024

Leroy Chollet
Closeup of Leroy Chollet in a Canisius uniform
Chollet at Canisius College, in 1948
Personal information
Born(1925-03-05)March 5, 1925
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
DiedJune 10, 1998(1998-06-10) (aged 73)
Rocky River, Ohio, U.S.
Listed height6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Listed weight190 lb (86 kg)
Career information
High schoolHoly Cross School (New Orleans, Louisiana)
College
PositionForward
Number9, 11
Career history
1949–1951Syracuse Nationals
1950–1951Utica Pros
1951–1952Elmira Colonels
Career highlights and awards
Stats at NBA.com Edit this at Wikidata
Stats at Basketball Reference Edit this at Wikidata

Leroy Patrick Chollet (March 5, 1925 – June 10, 1998) was an American professional basketball player who led then-segregated Loyola University New Orleans (which admitted only white students until the 1950s)[1] to its first national championship. After his African American heritage was revealed,[note 1] Chollet moved from New Orleans to New York and played three seasons for Canisius College. In New York, he passed as white; Canisius would later claim Chollet to be the school's first African American basketball player.

He played for several professional teams, including the Syracuse Nationals. During the inaugural season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Chollet became a role player behind established veterans, and the team made it to the 1950 NBA Finals. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame at Holy Cross School, Loyola, and Canisius.

Early life and high school

Leroy Chollet was born to Olga and Alfred Chollet on March 5, 1925.[2] His paternal great-grandmother was black, making Chollet and his siblings one-eighth black.[note 1] By the standards of the time, this meant that Leroy Chollet and his family were subject to racial segregation laws in the South. The family moved from New Roads to New Orleans, where they passed as white. The Chollet brothers—Leroy, Al, and Hillary—all attended Holy Cross School, which refused admission to black students.[3] The brothers excelled at sports, and Leroy led the basketball team to consecutive state titles in 1942 and 1943.[4][2]

College career

Newspaper article on brothers Leroy and Hillary Chollet. It reads, 'Brothers Lead Teams Into Action Here: Two sets of brothers will play in the college basketball doubleheader in Memorial Auditorium this evening. Leroy Chollet is captain of the Canisius College team which meets Miami. His brother, Hillary, captains Cornell, opponent of Utah. Paul Lansaw plays for Cornell and his brother, Carl, is with Miami.'
Brothers Leroy and Hillary Chollet played for Canisius and Cornell respectively, after they "were run out of" 1940s New Orleans for racial reasons.[3]

Chollet served eleven months in the U.S. Navy before being discharged and moving on to college.[5] He attended Loyola University in New Orleans from 1944 to 1945 as a student athlete,[2] during a season that played out against the backdrop of World War II. Loyola alumni followed the team from overseas, writing battlefield letters back to the current players,[6] and the school held Mass in memory of former students who were killed in action.[7] The team faced traditional Dixie Conference opponents and armed forces teams from across the Southern United States.[8][note 2]

During his freshman year, Chollet led the Loyola Wolf Pack to Louisiana's first national basketball championship.[9] After a slow start, he became the team's leading scorer.[10] In the low-scoring semifinals of the 1945 NAIA basketball tournament, Loyola fell behind 30–21 before Chollet and team captain John Casteix led the Wolf Pack on a late-game scoring run; they beat Southern Illinois by a single basket.[11] In their final game, Loyola defeated Pepperdine University, with Chollet scoring a game-high 18 points.[12]

His younger brother, Hillary Chollet, had become a high school football star, recruited by rival colleges Louisiana State University (LSU) and Tulane. After Hillary chose Tulane, the family's genealogy came under increased scrutiny. Louisiana colleges were segregated, and neither Tulane nor Loyola accepted black students at the time.[3] Chollet's Wolf Pack teammates wanted him to stay at Loyola but could not influence the unfolding events.[note 3] Amidst public rumors of their African American ancestry, the Chollet parents endured harassment, the family was ostracized socially, and both brothers were pushed out of New Orleans' white universities.[note 4] Hillary went out of state to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and Leroy transferred to Canisius College, a private Jesuit college in Buffalo, New York. Their older brother Al and their parents followed them to New York after an experience the family described as "being run out of town".[note 5][3]

Chollet played three seasons for Canisius[13] during an era of post-war growth for Western New York sports.[14] Canisius sold out the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium for the first time,[15] and the school played games in Madison Square Garden to audiences of over 17,000 fans.[16] While Chollet was on the team, Louisiana State University traveled to New York twice and lost to Canisius both times.[3] Canisius's 55–45 win over Baylor was the first televised basketball game in Western New York.[17] Chollet became the school's first player to total 1,000 points.[13] In 1949, Chollet scored 14 points to push the school record to 1,116 total points in the final game of his senior season.[18][19]

In New York, the Chollet family again passed as white. Louisiana newspapers did not openly publish their ancestry,[20] and the family was not a part of the local black community.[3] Canisius later claimed Leroy Chollet as their first African American basketball player.[13] Chollet was inducted into the Canisius Hall of Fame in 1964,[18] and the Loyola Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993.[2]

Professional career

Chollet playing defense
Leroy Chollet (center) contesting a shot from Danny Finn in the ABL

Chollet signed with the Syracuse Nationals for the NBA's 1949–50 inaugural season, after the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball League (NBL) merged.[3][note 6] In the NBA's early days, the most successful and popular franchises were the smaller Midwest teams that had originated in the NBL.[21] Syracuse was one of the league's smallest markets.[22] The NBA was ostensibly a white league at the beginning, with Wataru Misaka, an American of Japanese descent, the only openly non-white player.[23][note 7]

In the NBA, Chollet was a reserve guard tasked with facilitating. No longer a primary scoring option, his role was to set up plays and distribute the ball to the teams' veteran players.[24] The Nationals were led by future Basketball Hall of Famer Dolph Schayes, all-star Billy Gabor, and player-coach Al "The Digger" Cervi. Syracuse made it to the first NBA Finals in 1950 but fell to the Minneapolis Lakers in six games.[25]

During his first season with the Nationals, Chollet feuded with Al Cervi over playing time.[22][3] Chollet told Cervi that he would make a better coach during an argument.[26] When Cervi responded by making Chollet coach for a game, the rookie benched his own coach.[27] According to teammate Alex Hannum, "Chollet did not send Cervi in until the last 30 seconds or so—about the usual time Cervi sent in Leroy."[22]

"One game [Cervi] got so fed up with me he said, 'You coach the team,' He had this habit of naming the starting lineup in the huddle before a game. He'd say 'Schayes, Hannum ... and Cervi,' then run on the court so nobody could say anything. So I did the same thing. 'Schayes, Hannum ... and Chollet.' We won that game, too."

— Leroy Chollet[26]

Chollet began his second pro season as player-coach of the Utica Pros, an American Basketball League team that farmed players to larger NBA teams including the Nationals and the New York Knicks.[28] Chollet became a top scorer in the ABL;[29] he was recalled by Syracuse mid-season,[30] but barely played after an early ankle injury.[26] His third and final season of professional basketball was with another ABL team, the Elmira Colonels.[27] During the 1951–1952 season, he announced that he was retiring from professional basketball to seek a stable coaching position.[31][2]

Later life

Chollet married Barbara Knaus[32] and moved to her hometown, Lakewood, Ohio, after his professional basketball career.[3] They had three children: Lawrence, Melanie, and David.[33] Upon learning of a new Catholic school being built in Lakewood, St. Edward High School, Chollet got a construction job there. After construction was completed, St. Edwards hired him as a teacher and coach. Chollet was the varsity head coach from 1956 to 1960 and retired from teaching in 1985.[34] He was an administrator for community sports programs at the Lakewood Recreation Department from 1960 to 1980 and tended bar at Kluck's, a local landmark.[35] Chollet died in 1998 and was buried at Milan Cemetery.[36]

Career statistics

Legend
  GP Games played   GS  Games started  MPG  Minutes per game
 FG%  Field goal percentage  3P%  3-point field goal percentage  FT%  Free throw percentage
 RPG  Rebounds per game  APG  Assists per game  SPG  Steals per game
 BPG  Blocks per game  PPG  Points per game  Bold  Career high

NBA

Regular season

Year Team GP FG% FT% RPG APG PPG
1949–50 Syracuse 49 .341 .625 – .8 3.2
1950–51 Syracuse 14 .118 .632 1.1 .9 1.7
Career 63 .291 .627 1.1 8 2.9


Playoffs

Year Team GP FG% FT% RPG APG PPG
1950 Syracuse 8 .269 .385 – .5 2.4
1951 Syracuse 7 .174 .625 2.3 1.3 1.9
Career 15 .224 .476 2.3 .9 2.1

Source: [37]

ABL

Year Team GP PPG
1950–51 Utica 34 11.1
1951–52 Elmira 40 8.0
Career 74 9.4

Source: [38]

College

Year School GP FG% FT% PPG
1944–45 Loyola 22 – – 14.8
1946–47 Canisius 31 .327 .661 12.3
1947–48 Canisius 25 .308 .681 12.7
1948–49 Canisius 28 .344 .700 14.9
Career 110 .327 .682 13.1

Sources: [39], [40]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Chollet had one black great-grandparent. His paternal grandmother, Olivia Olinde, was born to a black mother and white father in 1873 (Vargas 2013, p. 67).
  2. ^ Military teams included Jackson Barracks in New Orleans, Foster General Hospital from Jackson, Mississippi, Bergstrom Army Air Field out of Austin, Texas, Brookley Army Air Field from Mobile, Alabama, Coast Guard rescue swimmers, and the Gulfport Naval Training Center (Vargas 2013, Appendix I).
  3. ^ Loyola teammate, Sam Ciolino, later reflected, "The family left because you would get shut out of a lot of things if you were black. Today's a different environment altogether, but back then, it wasn't. I guarantee you the guys at Loyola didn't want him to leave. Leroy was the best-liked guy on our team." Teammate Jack Atchley asked, "What could we do? We were just regular people" (Vargas 2013, p. 74).
  4. ^ According to journalist Mark Bernstein, even their church made them "feel unwelcome", and "Tulane quietly suggested that Chollet might find it difficult to go there" (Bernstein 2001, p. 189).
  5. ^ Loyola University has officially maintained that Leroy Chollet's transfer was due to academic reasons in statements as recently as 2007 (Vargas 2013, p. 72). Loyola University officials, Chollet family members, and Loyola alumni all agree that the family was "exiled from town" over race (Vargas 2013, p. 73). Family members bitterly described the experience as being forced out of New Orleans. Older brother Al Chollet's daughter recalled that her father was "resentful about what he called 'being run out of town'" (Vargas 2013, p. 80).
  6. ^ The existing BAA and NBL merged prior to Chollet's rookie season. The BAA incorporated the remaining NBL teams, including Syracuse, into the newly formed NBA. The NBA subsequently claimed the BAA's three seasons of existence as canonical NBA history (Harris 2022).
  7. ^ The NBA and preceding BAA barred entry to African Americans. The Syracuse Nationals originated in the NBL, which had an integrated team as early as 1935. The NBL teams had merged into the NBA by the time that Syracuse signed Chollet (Harris 2022).

Citations

  1. ^ Fichter 1987, p. 548.
  2. ^ a b c d e Holy Cross 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lewis 2020.
  4. ^ Vargas 2013, pp. 25, 70.
  5. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 26.
  6. ^ Vargas 2013, pp. 17, 65.
  7. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 20.
  8. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 17.
  9. ^ Vargas 2013, "Foreword" by Peter Finney, p. 7.
  10. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 30.
  11. ^
    • Vargas 2013, p. 119 cites:
    • "Loyola Wins in Last Minute, 37–35, to Reach Tourney Finals". The Times-Picayune. March 17, 1945. p. 7.
    • See also: "South vs. West". The Kansas City Times. Kansas City, Missouri. March 17, 1945. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  12. ^
    • Vargas 2013, p. 61 cites:
    • "Loyola Beats Pepperdine, 49–36, for National Basketball Crown". The Times-Picayune. March 19, 1945. p. 10.
    • See also: "Loyola's Title". The Kansas City Star. March 18, 1945. p. 15. Retrieved March 26, 2023 – via newspapers.com.
  13. ^ a b c SSAC 2023.
  14. ^ Starr 2009, pp. 139–151.
  15. ^ Starr 2009, pp. 140–141.
  16. ^ Starr 2009, p. 148.
  17. ^ Starr 2009, pp. 151–152.
  18. ^ a b Canisius 1964.
  19. ^ "Holy Cross Beats Canisius". Press and Sun-Bulletin. Binghamton, New York. March 18, 1949. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  20. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 73.
  21. ^ Harris 2022.
  22. ^ a b c Hannum 1968.
  23. ^ Bowen 2017.
  24. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 77.
  25. ^ NBA 2021.
  26. ^ a b c Maxse 1993, p. 2F.
  27. ^ a b Vargas 2013, p. 78.
  28. ^ "Cage Stars". The Times Leader. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. November 2, 1950. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  29. ^ "Leroy Chollet Still 5th in ABL Scoring Race". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, New York. January 23, 1951. p. 11. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  30. ^ "Chollet Recalled, Lofgran Farmed". Press and Sun-Bulletin. February 11, 1951. p. 4. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  31. ^ Kuss, Leo (September 5, 1952). "Pro Gridders in Syracuse; Chollet Enters New Field". Elmira Advertiser. Elmira, New York. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
  32. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 79.
  33. ^ Vargas 2013, p. 104.
  34. ^
    • Vargas 2013, p. 79;
    • See also: "Chollet Is New Cage Coach at St. Edward". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, OH. June 3, 1956. p. 5-C.
  35. ^ Vargas 2013, pp. 79, 104.
  36. ^
  37. ^ "Leroy Chollet NBA stats". Basketball Reference. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
  38. ^ "Leroy Chollet ABL stats". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
  39. ^ Vargas 2013, pp. 67, Appendix I.
  40. ^ Canisius 2017.

References

Archival photographs
High resolution photographs from the Canisius College Archives
image icon Canisius president, Father Raymond Schouten, presents an award.
image icon Chollet steals the ball from Notre Dame.
image icon Chollet grabs a rebound near the basket.
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