Power bank: Difference between revisions
←Changed redirect target from Battery charger#Power bank to Battery pack#Power bank Tag: Redirect target changed |
powerbanks are electronic devices that give and take charge so actually like small powerstations. section moved from Battery packs Tags: Removed redirect Reverted Disambiguation links added |
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[[File:Power Bank Phantom 13000mAh.jpg|thumb|right|Power bank with digital charging state display]] |
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#REDIRECT [[Battery pack#Power bank]] |
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A power bank or battery bank is a portable device that stores energy in its battery. Power banks are made in various sizes and typically based on lithium ion batteries. A power bank contains battery cells and a voltage converter circuitry. The internal DC-DC converter manages battery charging and converts the battery stack's voltage to the desired output voltage. The advertised capacity on the product in many instances is based on the capacity of the internal cells, however the theoretical mAh available to output depends on the output voltage. The conversion circuit has some energy losses, so the actual output is less than theoretical.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yang |last2=Gu |last3=Guo |last4=Chen |date=2019-09-20 |title=Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Mobile Power Banks with Lithium-Ion Battery and Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery |journal=Sustainability |volume=11 |issue=19 |pages=5148 |doi=10.3390/su11195148 |issn=2071-1050|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Diao |first1=Weiping |last2=Saxena |first2=Saurabh |last3=Pecht |first3=Michael G. |date=2020 |title=Analysis of Specified Capacity in Power Banks |journal=IEEE Access |volume=8 |pages=21326–21332 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2969410 |s2cid=211055705 |issn=2169-3536|doi-access=free |bibcode=2020IEEEA...821326D }}</ref> The theoretical [[mAh]] of a 3.7 V battery power bank with 5 V output is 74% of the battery mAh rating. The RavPower RP-PB41 with advertised capacity of 26,800 mAh that was evaluated in the journal has a theoretical capacity is 19,832 mAh, although the delivered capacity was 15,682 mAh, 78% of theoretical value. Authors attributed the difference to internal resistance in battery and converter losses.<ref name=":1" /> The circuit board can contain additional features such as over discharge protection, automatic shut off and charge level indication LEDs.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Raja |first1=Ganesh |last2=Madaan |first2=Pushek |date=Oct 30, 2013 |title=Power Bank – Power On-The-Go (Part 1) |url=https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/portable-power-management/article/21196452/power-bank-power-onthego-part-1 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Electronic Design}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Raja |first1=Ganesh |last2=Madaan |first2=Pushek |date=Oct 30, 2013 |title=Power Bank – Power On-The-Go (Part 2) |url=https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/power/power-supply/pmics/article/21196473/power-bank-power-onthego-part-2 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Electronic Design}}</ref> Power banks may be able to detect a connection and power on automatically. If the current load is under a model-specific threshold for a specific duration, a power bank may power down automatically.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/slva770 |title=Port detection for power banks |publisher=Texas Instruments |date=April 2016 |access-date=2021-09-13 }}</ref> |
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Some power banks are able to deliver power [[wireless charging|wirelessly]], some are equipped with an LED [[flashlight]] for casual near-distance illumination when necessary, and some have a ''pass-through charging'' feature which allows providing power through their USB ports while being charged themselves simultaneously''.''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-01|title=How Pass Through Tech Lets You Use Power Banks In Creative Ways|url=https://blog.ravpower.com/2018/06/pass-through-creative-ways-power-banks-charge/|access-date=2020-09-06|website=RAVPower|language=en-US}}</ref> Some larger power banks have [[DC connector]]s (or ''barrel connectors'') for higher power demands such as [[laptop computers]]. |
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=== Battery cases === |
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Battery cases are small power banks attached to the rear side of a mobile phone like a [[mobile phone case|case]]. Power may be delivered through the USB charging ports,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stein |first1=Scott |title=Apple Smart Battery Case for iPhone 6S review: Addressing the iPhone's biggest weakness |url=https://www.cnet.com/reviews/apple-smart-battery-case-for-iphone-6s-review/ |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> or [[wireless charging|wirelessly]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Galaxy Note 7 S View Standing Cover and Battery Pack hands on |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/galaxy-note-7-cases-charger-packs-707458/ |website=Android Authority |date=2 August 2016}}</ref> Battery cases also exist in the form of a camera grip accessory, as was for the [[Nokia Lumia 1020]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IRL: Testing the Nokia Lumia 1020's optional camera grip / battery case |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013-09-16-irl-lumia-1020-camera-grip.html |website=Engadget |language=en |date=2013-09-16}}</ref> For mobile phones with removable rear cover, ''extended batteries'' exist. These are larger internal batteries attached with a dedicated, more spacious rear cover replacing the default one. A disadvantage is incompatibility with other phone cases while attached.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klug |first1=Brian |title=Samsung Galaxy S 4 ZeroLemon 7500 mAh Extended Battery Review |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/7163/zerolemon-7500-mah-samsung-galaxy-s-4-extended-battery-review |website=Anandtech.com |date=2013-07-23}}</ref> |
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=== Rental/exchange === |
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In some parts of the world, there are kiosk based power bank rental or subscription services. Customers pay for the use of power bank for a specified period of time and return the depleted power bank to the kiosk.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-25 |title=Would you rent a power bank on the go? |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//smart-living/innovation/would-you-rent-a-power-bank-on-the-go-111658646528975.html |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> In one case with a brand called FuelRod, it was sold at an elevated price at various amusement parks with the understanding that they get a perk of free exchange at participating locations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-05 |title=Class-action lawsuit seeks $5 million over portable chargers sold at Disney, Universal and SeaWorld parks |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2019/11/05/class-action-lawsuit-seeks-5-million-over-portable-chargers-sold-at-disney-universal-and-seaworld-parks/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> FuelRod moved to discontinue the free exchange in 2019 and resulted in a class-action lawsuit reaching a settlement that early adopters would be grandfathered to free exchange privileges.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tuttle |first=Brittani |date=2020-07-10 |title=FuelRod lawsuit ends; 'Founders' can still receive free swaps |url=https://attractionsmagazine.com/fuelrod-lawsuit-ends-founders-still-receive-free-swaps/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Attractions Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Air travel restrictions === |
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{{Globalize|section|US|date=April 2024}} |
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Per US [[Federal Aviation Administration]] regulations, power banks in the United States are not allowed in checked-in luggage. Power banks up to 100 Wh are allowed as carry-on and those 101 Wh to 160 Wh are allowed with airline approval.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McInnis |first=Kaitlyn |date=2022-05-18 |title=What's allowed in — and prohibited from — your carry-on bag, according to the TSA's rules |url=https://www.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/travel/what-is-allowed-in-carry-on-bag |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=CNN Underscored |language=en}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Power Station]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Battery types]] |
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[[Category:Portable electronics]] |
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Revision as of 12:59, 29 June 2024
A power bank or battery bank is a portable device that stores energy in its battery. Power banks are made in various sizes and typically based on lithium ion batteries. A power bank contains battery cells and a voltage converter circuitry. The internal DC-DC converter manages battery charging and converts the battery stack's voltage to the desired output voltage. The advertised capacity on the product in many instances is based on the capacity of the internal cells, however the theoretical mAh available to output depends on the output voltage. The conversion circuit has some energy losses, so the actual output is less than theoretical.[1][2] The theoretical mAh of a 3.7 V battery power bank with 5 V output is 74% of the battery mAh rating. The RavPower RP-PB41 with advertised capacity of 26,800 mAh that was evaluated in the journal has a theoretical capacity is 19,832 mAh, although the delivered capacity was 15,682 mAh, 78% of theoretical value. Authors attributed the difference to internal resistance in battery and converter losses.[2] The circuit board can contain additional features such as over discharge protection, automatic shut off and charge level indication LEDs.[3][4] Power banks may be able to detect a connection and power on automatically. If the current load is under a model-specific threshold for a specific duration, a power bank may power down automatically.[5]
Some power banks are able to deliver power wirelessly, some are equipped with an LED flashlight for casual near-distance illumination when necessary, and some have a pass-through charging feature which allows providing power through their USB ports while being charged themselves simultaneously.[6] Some larger power banks have DC connectors (or barrel connectors) for higher power demands such as laptop computers.
Battery cases
Battery cases are small power banks attached to the rear side of a mobile phone like a case. Power may be delivered through the USB charging ports,[7] or wirelessly.[8] Battery cases also exist in the form of a camera grip accessory, as was for the Nokia Lumia 1020.[9] For mobile phones with removable rear cover, extended batteries exist. These are larger internal batteries attached with a dedicated, more spacious rear cover replacing the default one. A disadvantage is incompatibility with other phone cases while attached.[10]
Rental/exchange
In some parts of the world, there are kiosk based power bank rental or subscription services. Customers pay for the use of power bank for a specified period of time and return the depleted power bank to the kiosk.[11] In one case with a brand called FuelRod, it was sold at an elevated price at various amusement parks with the understanding that they get a perk of free exchange at participating locations.[12] FuelRod moved to discontinue the free exchange in 2019 and resulted in a class-action lawsuit reaching a settlement that early adopters would be grandfathered to free exchange privileges.[13]
Air travel restrictions
 | The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (April 2024) |
Per US Federal Aviation Administration regulations, power banks in the United States are not allowed in checked-in luggage. Power banks up to 100 Wh are allowed as carry-on and those 101 Wh to 160 Wh are allowed with airline approval.[14]
See also
References
- ^ Yang; Gu; Guo; Chen (2019-09-20). "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Mobile Power Banks with Lithium-Ion Battery and Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery". Sustainability. 11 (19): 5148. doi:10.3390/su11195148. ISSN 2071-1050.
- ^ a b Diao, Weiping; Saxena, Saurabh; Pecht, Michael G. (2020). "Analysis of Specified Capacity in Power Banks". IEEE Access. 8: 21326–21332. Bibcode:2020IEEEA...821326D. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2969410. ISSN 2169-3536. S2CID 211055705.
- ^ Raja, Ganesh; Madaan, Pushek (Oct 30, 2013). "Power Bank – Power On-The-Go (Part 1)". Electronic Design. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
- ^ Raja, Ganesh; Madaan, Pushek (Oct 30, 2013). "Power Bank – Power On-The-Go (Part 2)". Electronic Design. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
- ^ "Port detection for power banks". Texas Instruments. April 2016. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
- ^ "How Pass Through Tech Lets You Use Power Banks In Creative Ways". RAVPower. 2018-06-01. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
- ^ Stein, Scott. "Apple Smart Battery Case for iPhone 6S review: Addressing the iPhone's biggest weakness". CNET.
- ^ "Galaxy Note 7 S View Standing Cover and Battery Pack hands on". Android Authority. 2 August 2016.
- ^ "IRL: Testing the Nokia Lumia 1020's optional camera grip / battery case". Engadget. 2013-09-16.
- ^ Klug, Brian (2013-07-23). "Samsung Galaxy S 4 ZeroLemon 7500 mAh Extended Battery Review". Anandtech.com.
- ^ "Would you rent a power bank on the go?". Mintlounge. 2022-07-25. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
- ^ "Class-action lawsuit seeks $5 million over portable chargers sold at Disney, Universal and SeaWorld parks". The Mercury News. 2019-11-05. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
- ^ Tuttle, Brittani (2020-07-10). "FuelRod lawsuit ends; 'Founders' can still receive free swaps". Attractions Magazine. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
- ^ McInnis, Kaitlyn (2022-05-18). "What's allowed in — and prohibited from — your carry-on bag, according to the TSA's rules". CNN Underscored. Retrieved 2023-06-21.