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==Second marriage==
==Second marriage==
After the death of his first wife, he married again to [[Victoire de Folliot de Crenneville]] (1766–1845) on 23 Jan 1816, former governess of [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise, Empress of the French]]. She was a younger child and only daughter of François Méderic [[Jordan Foliot|Folliot de Crenneville]], Seigneur de Presle et du Buisson (1735-1802) and his wife, Anne Pierrette Charlotte du Poutet (b. 1746), members of the [[French nobility]]. Her elder brother was [[Louis Charles Folliot de Crenneville]], [[general officer]] during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. At the time of her marriage to Prince Charles Eugène Victorie was already twice widowed: first of François Charles, Baron de Poutet (1743-1790) and secondly of [[Imperial Count|Count]] Franz de Paula Karl von [[Colloredo-Mansfeld|Colloredo-Walsee]] (1736-1806). Again, the couple had no children and they divorced in 1817.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Comtesse-Marie-von-Colloredo-Wallsee/6000000016391949935|title=Comtesse Marie Victoire Pauline Adrienne Pierrette von Colloredo-Wallsee|date=14 August 1766 }}</ref>
After the death of his first wife, he married again to [[Victoire de Folliot de Crenneville]] (1766–1845) on 23 Jan 1816, former governess of [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Marie Louise, Empress of the French]]. She was a younger child and only daughter of François Méderic [[Jordan Foliot|Folliot de Crenneville]], Seigneur de Presle et du Buisson (1735-1802) and his wife, Anne Pierrette Charlotte du Poutet (b. 1746), members of the [[French nobility]]. Her elder brother was [[Louis Charles Folliot de Crenneville]], [[general officer]] during the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. At the time of her marriage to Prince Charles Eugène Victorie was already twice a widow: first of François Charles, Baron de Poutet (1743-1790) and secondly of [[Imperial Count|Count]] Franz de Paula Karl von [[Colloredo-Mansfeld|Colloredo-Walsee]] (1736-1806). Again, the couple had no children and they divorced in 1817.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Comtesse-Marie-von-Colloredo-Wallsee/6000000016391949935|title=Comtesse Marie Victoire Pauline Adrienne Pierrette von Colloredo-Wallsee|date=14 August 1766 }}</ref>


==Military career==
==Military career==

Revision as of 01:12, 30 June 2024

Charles Eugène
Prince of Lambesc
Duke of Elbeuf
Born(1751-09-25)25 September 1751
Palace of Versailles, France
Died2 November 1825(1825-11-02) (aged 74)
Vienna, Austria
Names
Charles Eugène de Lorraine
HouseHouse of Lorraine
FatherLouis de Lorraine
MotherLouise de Rohan

Charles Eugène of Lorraine (25 September 1751 – 2 November 1825) was the head of and last male member of the House of Guise, the cadet branch of the House of Lorraine which dominated France during the Wars of Religion. He remained prominent as princes étrangers at court throughout the ancien régime, and participated in the émigré efforts to restore the Bourbons to the throne. He was an officer in the French and Habsburg militaries during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.

Biography

Charles Eugene's first wife Anna Cetner (Zetzner) by Pietro Labruzzi

Born on 25 September 1751 in Versailles, France, to Louis, Prince of Brionne and his third wife, Princess Louise of Rohan (1734-1815). Charles Eugène was Prince of Lorraine, styled as the Prince of Lambesc who, at French court held the title of Prince étranger and Peer of France. One of four children, he had a younger brother and two younger sisters. Through his sister, Princess Joséphine of Lorraine, he was an uncle of Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano and great uncle of the future King Charles Albert of Sardinia.[1]

First marriage

He married twice; firstly to a rich Polish noblewoman, Anna Cetner, Przerowa coat of arms (1764–1814), whom he wed on 20 May 1803. She was daughter of Ignacy Cetner, Palatine of Bełz (1728-1800) and his wife, Countess Ludwika Potocka (1744-1800). The couple had no issue.

Second marriage

After the death of his first wife, he married again to Victoire de Folliot de Crenneville (1766–1845) on 23 Jan 1816, former governess of Marie Louise, Empress of the French. She was a younger child and only daughter of François Méderic Folliot de Crenneville, Seigneur de Presle et du Buisson (1735-1802) and his wife, Anne Pierrette Charlotte du Poutet (b. 1746), members of the French nobility. Her elder brother was Louis Charles Folliot de Crenneville, general officer during the Napoleonic Wars. At the time of her marriage to Prince Charles Eugène Victorie was already twice a widow: first of François Charles, Baron de Poutet (1743-1790) and secondly of Count Franz de Paula Karl von Colloredo-Walsee (1736-1806). Again, the couple had no children and they divorced in 1817.[2]

Military career

Charles Eugène
AllegianceKingdom of France Kingdom of France
 Habsburg Monarchy
Service / branchColonel-Proprietor – 5th Chevauxleger Regiment: 20 February 1804 – 10 June 1819
Rank• Grand Equerry for Louis XVI, 1775–1791
• General of Cavalry
• Colonel and Proprietor 21st/7th Cuirassier Regiment 22 June 1794 – 21 November 1825
• Captain of the First Arcièren Life Guard: 31 December 1806 – 21 November 1825
Battles / warsFrench Revolutionary Wars
Awards• Order of the Holy Spirit 1776
• Commanders Cross, Order of Saint Louis <1791
• Commander's Cross, Military Order of Maria Theresa
• Order of the Golden Fleece 1808
Charles Eugène leading the Allemand Dragoons against the mob, 12 July 1789, Musée de la Révolution française.

French military service

The eldest of House of Lothringen-Lambesc served as the King of France's Grand Equerry.[3] Charles Eugène became Colonel and Proprietor (Chief) of the Royal Allemand-Dragoons in 1778 and was promoted to Marshal of the Camp in the French Army on 9 March 1788. He received the Commanders Cross of the Order of Saint Louis.[4]

In the early days of the French Revolution, Charles Eugène's Allemand Dragoons were an important element in the protection of the Louis' Court. On 12 July 1789, Charles Eugène rode at the head of his dragoons across the Place of Louis XV into the Tuileries Gardens, against a mob that had gathered there and forced the group out of the garden.[citation needed]

In the course of the attack, many were injured, and Charles Eugène was held popularly responsible, although no charges were filed.[5]

He defended the royal palace in the riot at the Tuileries Gardens in July 1789. Initially he served in the French army, but at the outset of France's wars with Austria, he picked up the Bourbon cause in Germany.

When hostilities between France and the Habsburgs reached a crisis point in 1791, he left his Allemand Dragoons and followed the Bourbon cause with his younger brother, Joseph Louis, Prince of Lorraine-Vaudémont.[6]

Habsburg military service

On 18 June 1791, the prince was appointed major general in the Austrian army. In October 1791, he was given command of a brigade composed of the Freikorps (volunteers) "Degelmann" and 37th Dragoon Regiment in Flanders.[7]

On 1 February 1793, his regiment, the 37th Dragoons, was taken into Habsburg service and in 1798, it was united with the 10th Cuirassier Regiment. At the Battle of Tournai on 22 May 1794, he charged the French infantry on the heights of Templeuve with four squadrons (approximately 1,000 men) of the 18th Chevauxleger Regiment "Karaiczay", cutting down 500 men and taking three guns. On 22 June 1794, he was appointed Colonel and Proprietor of the 21st of Cuirassier Regiment in recognition of his actions. In the Battle of Fleurus, on 26 June 1794, he charged with four squadrons of 5th Carabiners Albert to rescue part of Campaign Marshal Prince von Kaunitz's infantry, which had been surrounded by three French cavalry regiments.[6] This unlikely charge against another cavalry force more than five times its size took the French by surprise; the French cavalry scattered, giving Kaunitz to organize an orderly withdrawal of his own force from the field.[8]

On 4 March 1796, Charles Eugène was promoted to Lieutenant Field Marshal . In 1796 he served in Germany under Field Marshal Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser in the Army of the Upper Rhine; on 11 May of that year, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa Order. He fought with distinction at the Battle of Amberg on 24 August and in the Battle of Würzburg on 2 September, commanding a brigade of cavalry.[8]

In the War of the Second Coalition, the Prince fought in Swabia at the Battle of Engen. After this campaign, the prince was posted to the Habsburg province Galicia, where he was governor general. On 3 December 1806, he was promoted to General of Cavalry and a few weeks later, captain of the First Arcièren Life Guard in Vienna; he was also awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1808.[8]

Bourbon restoration

After the restoration of Louis XVIII, he was created again Peer of France, and his dignities further enhanced by the title Duke of Elbeuf.[6] Louis XVIII furthermore appointed him as a Marshal of France. Because of the popular hostility against him in France, relating to the incident in the Tuileries in July 1789, he never exercised these privileges and he died at the age of 74 in Vienna on 21 November 1825. As he had no children, and with his death, and his brother's, the male line of old Lothringen lines of Elbœuf, Harcourt, and Armagnac ended.[8]

Ancestry

Sources

Notes and citations

  1. ^ "Charles de Lorraine, Prince de Lambesc, Duc d'Elbeuf : Genealogics". www.genealogics.org.
  2. ^ "Comtesse Marie Victoire Pauline Adrienne Pierrette von Colloredo-Wallsee". 14 August 1766.
  3. ^ Antony Spawforth, Versailles: a biography of a palace. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-312-35785-6 p. 157.
  4. ^ https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1128&context=senior_theses
  5. ^ (in German) Jens Ebert. "Lothringen". Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815. Napoleon Online.DE. Accessed 23 January 2010.
  6. ^ a b c (in German) Ebert. "Lothringen".
  7. ^ Digby Smith, Lothringen-Lambesc. Leopold Kudrna and Digby Smith (compilers). A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. The Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Accessed 23 January 2010.
  8. ^ a b c d Smith, Lothringen-Lambesc. Accessed 23 January 2010.

Bibliography

  • (in German) Ebert, Jens-Florian. "Lothringen". Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815. Napoleon Online.DE. Accessed 23 January 2010.
  • Smith, Digby. Lothringen-Lambesc. Leopold Kudrna and Digby Smith (compilers). A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815. The Napoleon Series, Robert Burnham, editor in chief. April 2008 version. Accessed 23 January 2010.
  • Spawforth, Antony. Versailles: a biography of a palace. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2008, ISBN 9780312357856
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