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[[File:ალავერდის_ოთხთავი.png|thumb|300x300px|Beginning of the Gospel of Matthew from the Alaverdi Gospels]]
[[File:ალავერდის_ოთხთავი.png|thumb|300x300px|Beginning of the Gospel of Matthew from the Alaverdi Gospels]]
'''Alaverdi Gospels''' (Alaverdi Four Gospels) - is a Georgian manuscript gospel copied in the Georgian monastery of Black Mountain Kalipos([[Antioch|Antiochia]]) in 1054<ref>{{Citation |last=Tvaltvadze |first=Darejan |title=.TheManuscripts of Georgian Translations of theGospels from the BlackMountain |date=2012-01-01 |work=Textual Research on the Psalms and Gospels / Recherches textuelles sur les psaumes et les évangiles |pages=213–229 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004214439/B9789004214439_014.xml |access-date=2024-07-07 |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-21443-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Sak%CA%BBart%CA%BBvelos_si%C5%BCveleni/z0YMAQAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=Alaverdi+gospel&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&printsec=frontcover |title=Sakʻartʻvelos siżveleni |date=2006 |publisher=Sakʻartʻvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis sainpʻormacʻio cʻentri |language=ka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeffreys |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Proceedings_of_the_21st_International_Co/nawVAQAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=Alaverdi+gospel&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&printsec=frontcover |title=Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies: Abstracts of communications |last2=Haarer |first2=Fiona K. |last3=Gilliland |first3=Judith |date=2006 |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-0-7546-5740-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ševčenko |first=Ihor |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Acts/X_QTAQAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=Alaverdi+gospel&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&printsec=frontcover |title=Acts: XVIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies : Selected Papers, Main and Communications : Moscow, 1991 |last2=Litavrin |first2=G. G. |last3=Hanak |first3=Walter K. |date=1996 |publisher=Byzantine Studies Press |isbn=978-1-891781-02-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schwartz |first=Ellen C. |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Byzantine_Art_and/u2dHEAAAQBAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&dq=Alaverdi+gospels&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover |title=The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Art and Architecture |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-027735-2 |language=en}}</ref> in by the famous calligraphers of the 11th century, Giorgi and John Dvali. It is the only Georgian manuscript to contain a [[Image of Edessa|mandylion]], an impression of the face of the Savior on a shroud. The cover, composed of leather and metal, is adorned with a painted icon of Jesus Christ. This icon was subsequently set into a silver-chased frame embellished with precious stones and [[Cloisonné|cloisonné enamel]] images of St. George, crafted in the 11th-12th century AD. Holy objects were traditionally stored in the sockets on the cover. The cover itself dates back to the late Middle Ages. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=James Blake |title=The Alaverdi Gospels |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7768/the-alaverdi-gospels/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Guscin |first=Mark |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Recent_Studies_on_the_Image_of_Edessa/kt2JEAAAQBAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover |title=Recent Studies on the Image of Edessa: Iconography, History and Theology |date=2022-09-06 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-8731-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ciggaar |first=Krijna Nelly |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/East_and_West_in_the_Medieval_Eastern_Me/DO8qTYM71tQC?hl=ka&gbpv=0 |title=East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality |last2=Metcalf |first2=David Michael |date=2006 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-429-1735-4 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref>
'''Alaverdi Gospels''' (Alaverdi Four Gospels) - is a Georgian manuscript gospel copied in the Georgian monastery of Black Mountain Kalipos([[Antioch|Antiochia]]) in 1054<ref>{{Citation |last=Tvaltvadze |first=Darejan |title=.TheManuscripts of Georgian Translations of theGospels from the BlackMountain |date=2012-01-01 |work=Textual Research on the Psalms and Gospels / Recherches textuelles sur les psaumes et les évangiles |pages=213–229 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004214439/B9789004214439_014.xml |access-date=2024-07-07 |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-21443-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Sak%CA%BBart%CA%BBvelos_si%C5%BCveleni/z0YMAQAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=Alaverdi+gospel&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&printsec=frontcover |title=Sakʻartʻvelos siżveleni |date=2006 |publisher=Sakʻartʻvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis sainpʻormacʻio cʻentri |language=ka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeffreys |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Proceedings_of_the_21st_International_Co/nawVAQAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=Alaverdi+gospel&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&printsec=frontcover |title=Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies: Abstracts of communications |last2=Haarer |first2=Fiona K. |last3=Gilliland |first3=Judith |date=2006 |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-0-7546-5740-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ševčenko |first=Ihor |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Acts/X_QTAQAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=Alaverdi+gospel&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&printsec=frontcover |title=Acts: XVIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies : Selected Papers, Main and Communications : Moscow, 1991 |last2=Litavrin |first2=G. G. |last3=Hanak |first3=Walter K. |date=1996 |publisher=Byzantine Studies Press |isbn=978-1-891781-02-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schwartz |first=Ellen C. |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Byzantine_Art_and/u2dHEAAAQBAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&dq=Alaverdi+gospels&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover |title=The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Art and Architecture |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-027735-2 |language=en}}</ref> by the famous calligraphers of the 11th century, Giorgi and John Dvali. It is the only Georgian manuscript to contain a [[Image of Edessa|mandylion]], an impression of the face of the Savior on a shroud. The cover, composed of leather and metal, is adorned with a painted icon of Jesus Christ. This icon was subsequently set into a silver-chased frame embellished with precious stones and [[Cloisonné|cloisonné enamel]] images of St. George, crafted in the 11th-12th century AD. Holy objects were traditionally stored in the sockets on the cover. The cover itself dates back to the late Middle Ages. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiener |first=James Blake |title=The Alaverdi Gospels |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7768/the-alaverdi-gospels/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Guscin |first=Mark |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/Recent_Studies_on_the_Image_of_Edessa/kt2JEAAAQBAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&dq=Alaverdi+gospel&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover |title=Recent Studies on the Image of Edessa: Iconography, History and Theology |date=2022-09-06 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-8731-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ciggaar |first=Krijna Nelly |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/East_and_West_in_the_Medieval_Eastern_Me/DO8qTYM71tQC?hl=ka&gbpv=0 |title=East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality |last2=Metcalf |first2=David Michael |date=2006 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-429-1735-4 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref>


Ivane, the son of [[Liparit IV of Kldekari|Liparit Bagvashi]], brought the book to Georgia in 1059 as a sign of obedience to [[Bagrat IV of Georgia|Bagrat IV]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=ოსეფაშვილი |first=ლალი |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94/wZLWAAAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98+%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2&dq=%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98+%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2&printsec=frontcover |title=ქართულ ხელნაწერ ოთხთავთა თავფურწლის მინიატურების იკონოგრაფიული თავისებურებანი: ჯვარი, "ვედრება" IX-XII სს |date=2005 |publisher=გამომცემლობა "უნივერსალი" |isbn=978-99940-0-553-6 |language=ka}}</ref>
Ivane, the son of [[Liparit IV of Kldekari|Liparit Bagvashi]], brought the book to Georgia in 1059 as a sign of obedience to [[Bagrat IV of Georgia|Bagrat IV]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=ოსეფაშვილი |first=ლალი |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94/wZLWAAAAMAAJ?hl=ka&gbpv=1&bsq=%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98+%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2&dq=%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98+%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2&printsec=frontcover |title=ქართულ ხელნაწერ ოთხთავთა თავფურწლის მინიატურების იკონოგრაფიული თავისებურებანი: ჯვარი, "ვედრება" IX-XII სს |date=2005 |publisher=გამომცემლობა "უნივერსალი" |isbn=978-99940-0-553-6 |language=ka}}</ref>


High-quality [[parchment]] is used as writing material. contains 330 pages; The dimensions of the sheets are: 24X19 centimeters. It was transcribed in both [[Nuskhuri]] and [[Asomtavruli|Asomatavruli]] scripts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ciggaar |first=Krijna Nelly |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/East_and_West_in_the_Medieval_Eastern_Me/DO8qTYM71tQC?hl=ka&gbpv=0 |title=East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality |last2=Metcalf |first2=David Michael |date=2006 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-429-1735-4 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref>
High-quality [[parchment]] is used as writing material. contains 330 pages; The dimensions of the sheets are: 24X19 centimeters. It was transcribed in both [[Nuskhuri]] and [[Asomtavruli|Asomatavruli]] scripts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ciggaar |first=Krijna Nelly |url=https://www.google.ge/books/edition/East_and_West_in_the_Medieval_Eastern_Me/DO8qTYM71tQC?hl=ka&gbpv=0 |title=East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality |last2=Metcalf |first2=David Michael |date=2006 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-429-1735-4 |pages=21 |language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:11th-century manuscripts]]
[[Category:11th-century manuscripts]]
[[Category:Georgian manuscripts]]
[[Category:Georgian manuscripts]]

Revision as of 17:44, 7 July 2024

Beginning of the Gospel of Matthew from the Alaverdi Gospels

Alaverdi Gospels (Alaverdi Four Gospels) - is a Georgian manuscript gospel copied in the Georgian monastery of Black Mountain Kalipos(Antiochia) in 1054[1][2][3][4][5] by the famous calligraphers of the 11th century, Giorgi and John Dvali. It is the only Georgian manuscript to contain a mandylion, an impression of the face of the Savior on a shroud. The cover, composed of leather and metal, is adorned with a painted icon of Jesus Christ. This icon was subsequently set into a silver-chased frame embellished with precious stones and cloisonné enamel images of St. George, crafted in the 11th-12th century AD. Holy objects were traditionally stored in the sockets on the cover. The cover itself dates back to the late Middle Ages. [6][7][8]

Ivane, the son of Liparit Bagvashi, brought the book to Georgia in 1059 as a sign of obedience to Bagrat IV.[9]

High-quality parchment is used as writing material. contains 330 pages; The dimensions of the sheets are: 24X19 centimeters. It was transcribed in both Nuskhuri and Asomatavruli scripts.[10]

References

  1. ^ Tvaltvadze, Darejan (2012-01-01), ".TheManuscripts of Georgian Translations of theGospels from the BlackMountain", Textual Research on the Psalms and Gospels / Recherches textuelles sur les psaumes et les évangiles, Brill, pp. 213–229, ISBN 978-90-04-21443-9, retrieved 2024-07-07
  2. ^ Sakʻartʻvelos siżveleni (in Georgian). Sakʻartʻvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis sainpʻormacʻio cʻentri. 2006.
  3. ^ Jeffreys, Elizabeth; Haarer, Fiona K.; Gilliland, Judith (2006). Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies: Abstracts of communications. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-5740-8.
  4. ^ Ševčenko, Ihor; Litavrin, G. G.; Hanak, Walter K. (1996). Acts: XVIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies : Selected Papers, Main and Communications : Moscow, 1991. Byzantine Studies Press. ISBN 978-1-891781-02-5.
  5. ^ Schwartz, Ellen C. (2021). The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-027735-2.
  6. ^ Wiener, James Blake. "The Alaverdi Gospels". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2024-07-07.
  7. ^ Guscin, Mark (2022-09-06). Recent Studies on the Image of Edessa: Iconography, History and Theology. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5275-8731-1.
  8. ^ Ciggaar, Krijna Nelly; Metcalf, David Michael (2006). East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality. Peeters Publishers. p. 21. ISBN 978-90-429-1735-4.
  9. ^ ოსეფაშვილი, ლალი (2005). ქართულ ხელნაწერ ოთხთავთა თავფურწლის მინიატურების იკონოგრაფიული თავისებურებანი: ჯვარი, "ვედრება" IX-XII სს (in Georgian). გამომცემლობა "უნივერსალი". ISBN 978-99940-0-553-6.
  10. ^ Ciggaar, Krijna Nelly; Metcalf, David Michael (2006). East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality. Peeters Publishers. p. 21. ISBN 978-90-429-1735-4.
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