Fall prevention

Fall prevention is a variety of actions to help reduce the number of accidental falls suffered by older people.

Falls and fall related injuries are among the most serious and common medical problems experienced by older adults. Nearly one-third of older persons fall each year, and half of them fall more than once. They often result in hip and other fractures, head injuries and even death. Accidental injuries are the fifth most common cause of death in older adults. In around 75% of hip fracture patients, recovery is incomplete and overall health deteriorates.

A person is more likely to fall if he or she is age 80 or older or if he or she has previously fallen.

Falls Can Be Prevented

Researchers have identified a combination of three interventions that can reduce falls by up to 30% for older people at moderate to high risk levels. They include: medical risk assessment and management, physical activity, and Home Modifications. Medical assessments help identify risks such as osteoporosis and multiple medications. Specific physical activity can reduce fall risk by increasing balance and strength. Changes to the home environment can also reduce hazards and help support a person in daily activities.

Medical Management (Risk Assessment and Follow-up)

A first step is risk assessment. Some of the factors that can contribute to falls are osteoporosis, harmful symptoms from the effects of multiple medications, balance and gait problems, loss of vision and a history of falls.

Balance & Mobility (Physical Activity)

Studies show that balance, flexibility, and strength training not only improve mobility but also reduce the risk of falling. The majority of older adults do not exercise regularly and 35% of people over the age of 65 do not participate in any leisurely physical activities. Many people who have already fallen simply stop exercising for fear of falling again. There are, however, effective programs that can reduce falls such as certain types of Tai Chi and the Fallproof Program of the California State University at Fullerton’s Center for Successful Aging.

Recently a new form of therapy, termed Proprioceptive Therapy, has been introduced to reduce the risk of accidental falls in the geriatric (elderly) population. The therapy is based on the research of Dr Brian A Rothbart, whose research suggests that one of the major causes of accidental falls is due to foot instability (e.g., a twisting or abnormally pronating foot). By stabilizing the foot, using non supportive type Proprioceptive Insoles, balance is greatly improved. And accidental falls become less frequent.

Environmental Modification

The home environment can present many hazards. Common places for injurious falls are the bathtub and steps. By making changes to the home environment a person can feel safer and less at risk. For example, the bathroom can be modified by installing grab bars in the shower or tub, providing a place to sit while bathing, and installing non-slip decals to slippery surfaces. Stairs can be improved by providing handrails on both sides, improving lighting, and adding color contrast between steps.

See also

• Home Modifications

External links

• ProFaNE - Prevention of Falls Network Europe
• Fall Prevention Center of Excellence FPCE Program Office housed at the University of Southern California
• California State University at Fullerton’s Center for Successful Aging