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[[User:Gamaliel|Gamaliel]], just found out that your mom put a dog's penis into her asshole...then you licked the dog's dick it clean and kissed your mom on the lips. Fuck with others, others fuck you. |
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'''Lee Harvey Oswald''' ([[October 18]], [[1939]] – [[November 24]], [[1963]]) [[John F. Kennedy assassination|assassinated]] [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[John F. Kennedy]] on [[November 22]], [[1963]], according to the conclusions of two government investigations into the assassination. The 1964 [[Warren Commission]] concluded Oswald acted alone; the [[House Select Committee on Assassinations]], during the late 1970s, concluded that while Oswald was the shooter, President Kennedy "most likely was assassinated as the result of a [[conspiracy]]". Some critics of the official accounts have claimed that Oswald was not involved at all and was framed, and many [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] have been developed, but no single compelling alternative suspect has emerged. |
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[[Image:Lho-133A.jpg|frame|right|This photo, showing Oswald wielding a [[rifle]], a [[handgun]], and the newspapers ''[[The Militant]]'' and ''[[Daily Worker|The Worker]]'', was one of three taken on [[March 31]], [[1963]] in the backyard of his Dallas home by his wife Marina. The [[Warren Commission]] labeled this photo as exhibit 133-A. Since Oswald's death, questions have risen about the authenticity of the photos, although after examining allegations that they were faked, the [[House Select Committee on Assassinations]] in the 1970s concluded that they are genuine.]] |
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==Early life and Marine Corps service== |
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Lee Harvey Oswald was born in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]. His father, Robert Edward Lee Oswald, died before he was born, and his mother Marguerite Claverie raised him and his two older siblings, his brother Robert and his half-brother John Pic (Marguerite’s child by her first marriage). His mother doted on him to excess, but despite this she was a domineering and quarrelsome woman and all three of her children entered the US armed forces. They lived an itinerant lifestyle; before the age of 18, Oswald had lived in 22 different residences and attended 12 different schools, mostly around New Orleans and [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]]. Oswald's mother was of [[French people|French]] and [[German people|German]] descent, and raised him in the [[Lutheran]] faith. |
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Oswald was a withdrawn and temperamental child. After they moved in with John Pic, who had joined the [[United States Coast Guard|US Coast Guard]] and was stationed in [[New York City]], Oswald struck and pulled a knife on his mother. His truancy caused him to be evaluated by [[psychiatrist]] Renatus Hartogs who had diagnosed the 14 year old Oswald as having a "personality pattern disturbance with schizoid features and passive-aggressive tendencies." In reaction, Marguerite returned to New Orleans with her son before he could be institutionalized. |
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When he was enrolled in school, Oswald attended infrequently. He never received a [[high school]] diploma and was for his entire life quite a terrible writer and speller; in fact, the content and style of his letters and diary have led some to speculate that he was [[dyslexia|dyslexic]]. Despite this, he read voraciously and as a result thought he was better educated than those around him. Starting at around age 15, he became an ardent [[Marxist]], solely from his reading on the topic. He wrote in his diary: "I was looking for a key to my environment, and then I discovered socialist literature. I had to dig for my books in the back dusty shelves of libraries." |
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Oswald at age 15 had been a member of the New Orleans chapter of the [[Civil Air Patrol]], commanded by one [[David Ferrie.]] Despite being a [[Marxist]], Oswald wished to join the [[USMC|US Marine]]s. He idolized his older brother Robert and wore Robert's [[USMC|US Marine]] ring constantly. This relationship overrode the obvious ideological conflict for Oswald, and enlisting in the Marines may also have been a way to escape from his overbearing mother. He enlisted in the USMC in October 1956, a week after his 17th birthday. |
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Oswald was trained as a radar operator and assigned to the Marine Corps air station at [[El Toro]], California and then to the naval air station at [[Atsugi]], [[Japan]]. Though Atsugi was a base for the [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] spy planes which flew over the [[USSR]], Oswald was not involved in that operation. Oswald's experience in the Marine Corps was unpleasant. Small and frail compared to the other Marines, he was nicknamed "Ozzie Rabbit" after a cartoon character. His shyness and his Soviet sympathies did not endear him to his fellow Marines, and the more ostracized he was, the more ardent and outspoken a communist he became, to the point where his nickname became "Oswaldskovich". The Marine had subscribed to ''[[The Worker]]'' and taught himself rudimentary [[Russian language|Russian]]. Oswald was [[court martial]]ed twice, first for unauthorized possession of a handgun, and later for starting a fight with a [[sergeant]]. As a result, he was demoted from [[private first class]] to [[private]] and briefly served time in the [[brig]]. He was not punished for another incident when, while on sentry duty one night while stationed in the [[Philippines]], he inexplicably started firing his rifle into the jungle. By the end of his Marine career, he was doing menial labor. |
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==The Soviet Union== |
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Oswald's October 1959 trip to the [[Soviet Union]] was well planned in advance. In addition to his studies of Russian, he saved his Marine Corps salary, he got an early "hardship" discharge by claiming he needed to care for his ailing mother in [[New Orleans]] (a lie), and submitted several falsified applications to foreign universities to aid in his quest to get a student visa and to apparently help him avoid Marine Corps [[reserve]] duty. After spending one day with his mother in New Orleans, he departed for the Soviet Union via [[Finland]] as part of a package tour, and declared to the US Embassy in Moscow immediately upon arrival in the [[USSR]] his intent to renounce his US [[citizenship]]. Once the Navy Department learned of this, it changed Oswald's Marine Corps discharge from "hardship/honorable" to "dishonorable." Although Oswald's effort to remain in the country was initally appaluded by the Soviets, Oswald (despite his technical knowledge acquired in the Marines) had soon turned out to be of little real value to the Soviet Union and so his application for Soviet residency had been rejected. In the face of this setback, a despondent Oswald had attempted suicide by slashing his left wrist in his hotel room [[bathtub]] and had been hospitalized. With authorities fearing an international incident should Oswald attempt suicide again, Oswald was eventually allowed to remain in the USSR and shipped off to [[Minsk]], where he was kept under nearly constant surveillance during his three-year stay in the country. The Minsk [[KGB]] office had never had its own American case and they threw themselves into the task with gusto, the result being the lengthy KGB file no. 31451, a largely mundane daily account of Oswald's life. |
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Initially, Oswald seemed to thrive. He had a job as a sheet metalworker at the [[Belarus]]ian Radio and Television Factory in Minsk, his own rent-free apartment and monetary subsidies from the Red Cross (a Soviet organization not to be confused with the international medical aid organization) above his factory pay, an idyllic existence by Soviet-era working-class standards. He was called "Alek" by his friends, who thought his name "Lee" sounded too [[China|Chinese]]. He owned a shotgun went hunting with friends and dated women he met at [[labor union|trade union]] dances. However, Oswald soon tired of his comparatively bleak Soviet life. The oppressive [[bureaucracy]] of the Soviet Union eventually caused Oswald to believe the country was a poorly implemented perversion of [[Marxism|Marxist]] goals; he believed himself to be a pure Marxist. He grew bored with the limited recreation that Minsk offered and was stunned when a co-worker he proposed to, Ella Germann, rejected him. |
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At a dance, Oswald met Marina Alexandrovna Medvedeva Nikolayevna Prusakova, a 19 year old [[pharmacology]] student. They were married less than a month and a half later. It was not the ideal basis for such a union, as Oswald was still on the rebound from his failed relationship with Ella. Marina, some believe, married Oswald for his high standard of living (his own apartment, etc.) or in order to immigrate to the U.S. "Maybe I was not in love with Alik as I ought to have been," she had later admitted. This seems possible, as she later wrote love letters to two of her ex-boyfriends while in the US, before the Kennedy assassination. Marina also soon became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter, June. Oswald (who, contrary to popular opinion, never really renounced his US citizenship - the US Embassy in Moscow retained his US passport) and after nearly a year of paperwork and waiting, the family left the [[Soviet Union]] for the United States on [[June 1]], [[1962]]. |
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==Dallas== |
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Back in the United States, the Oswald family settled in the [[Dallas]]/[[Fort Worth]] area. Oswald attempted to write a [[memoir]] and commentary on Soviet life, a small manuscript called ''The Collective''. Oswald soon abandoned the idea, but searching for literary feedback had soon put him in touch with the area's close-knit community of anti-Communist Russian émigrés. They merely tolerated the belligerent and arrogant Oswald, but they sympathized with Marina, because she was in a foreign country with no knowledge of [[English language|English]], which Oswald refused to teach her, and because Oswald had begun to beat her. They eventually abandoned Marina, however, because she would not leave Oswald. From this group, Oswald found an unlikely best friend, the well-educated and worldly but mysterious [[petroleum]] [[geologist]] [[George de Mohrenschildt]]. Perhaps they took to each other because they were polar opposites, or perhaps de Mohrenschildt, who liked playing the provocateur, enjoyed putting people off with the disagreeable and sullen [[Marxist]] Oswald. Marina also befriended a married couple, [[Ruth Paine|Ruth]] and Michael Paine. |
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In Dallas, Oswald worked for the Leslie [[Welding]] [[Company]], but abandoned the job, which he hated, after three months. Then he obtained a position at the [[graphic art]]s firm of Jaggars-Chiles-Stovall as a photoprint trainee. The company is often cited as doing classified work for the US government, but that work was limited to [[typesetting]] for maps and was conducted in a section which Oswald had no access to. Oswald used the equipment he did have access to to create [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh19/html/WH_Vol19_0153b.htm fake identifications] and other documents in the name of an [[alias]] he created, "Alex James Hidell". After six months, Oswald was fired. His co-workers and supervisors grew frustrated with his inefficency, inattention and rudeness to his co-workers, rudeness to the point where fistfights threatened to break out. His supervisor terminated him after seeing him reading a Russian [[satire|satiric]] [[magazine]], ''Krokodil'', in the cafeteria. |
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==The attempted assassination of General Walker== |
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General [[Edwin Walker]] was an outspoken [[anti-Communism|anti-communist]], [[Racial segregation|segregation]]ist, and member of the [[John Birch Society]]. Walker was commanding officer of the Army's 24th Infantry Division based in West Germany and under [[NATO]] supreme command, but was relieved command by JFK in 1961 for distributing [[right-wing]] literature to his troops. Walker resigned from the service and returned to his native [[Texas]]. He ran in the six-man [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] gubernatorial primary in 1962 but lost to [[John Connally]], who went on to win the race. When Walker came to Oswald's attention in February 1963, the general was making front page news by joining forces with an [[evangelist]] in an anti-Communist tour called "Operation Midnight Ride". |
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Oswald began to put Walker under [[surveillance]], taking pictures of Walker's home and nearby railroad tracks, perhaps his planned escape route, using the same camera used by Marina to take the famous backyard poses (see below). Oswald mail-ordered a rifle (see below) using his alias Alex Hidell (he had already mail-ordered a revolver in [[January]]). He planned the assassination on [[April 10]], ten days after he was fired from Jaggars-Chiles-Stovall. He chose a Wednesday evening because the neighborhood would be relatively crowded because of services in a church adjacent to Walker's home; he would not stand out and could mingle with the crowds if necessary to make his escape. He left a [http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/walkernote1.jpg note] in Russian for Marina with instructions should he be caught. Walker was sitting at a desk in his dining room when Oswald fired at him from less than a hundred feet (33 m) away. Walker survived only because the bullet struck the wooden frame of the window, deflecting its path, though he was injured in the forearm by bullet fragments. |
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At the time, the Dallas police had no idea who attempted to kill Walker. Marina saw Oswald burn most of his written assassination plans in the bathtub, though she hid the note he left her in a cookbook, intending to bring it to the police should Oswald again attempt to kill Walker or anyone else. Oswald's involvement was unknown until the note and some of the photos were found by the authorities following the assassination of JFK. The bullet was too badly damaged to run conclusive ballistics tests, though neutron activation tests later proved that the bullet had been from the same cartridge manufacturer as the one that had later struck Kennedy. |
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==New Orleans== |
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Oswald was unemployed, he had failed to kill General Walker, and his best friend, de Mohrenschildt, had moved away from Dallas. Leaving Marina (who was pregnant for the second time) with the Paines, he returned to the city of his birth, New Orleans, to look for work, arriving on the morning of [[April 25]]. In May, Oswald got a job with the Reilly Coffee Company (from which he was fired in July) and Marina joined him in New Orleans, driven there by family friend Ruth Paine. |
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Though Oswald had renewed his U.S. passport with no difficulty and had Marina write to the Soviet Embassy in Washington DC about the possibility of returning to the [[Soviet Union]], he was still disillusioned with that country. His Marxist hopes were pinned on [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Cuba]]; he soon became a vocal pro-Castro advocate. The [[Fair Play for Cuba Committee]] was a national organization and Oswald, unsolicited, set out to become a one-member New Orleans chapter. Oswald spent $22.73 on 1000 flyers, 500 membership applications, and 300 membership cards and had Marina sign the name "A.J. Hidell" as chapter president on one of the cards. |
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[[Image:Oswaldneworleans.jpg|thumb|Oswald's New Orleans mug shot, August 9, 1963]] |
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Most of Oswald's work consisted of passing out flyers on the street to passersby. He made a clumsy attempt to infiltrate anti-Castro exile groups and briefly met with the skeptical [[Carlos Bringuier]], the New Orleans delegate for the anti-Castro Cuban Student Directorate. Several days later Bringuier and two friends confronted a man passing out pro-Castro handbills and discovered it was Oswald. In the ensuing scuffle, all were arrested and Oswald spent the night in jail. The trial got news media attention and Oswald was interviewed afterwards. He was also privately filmed passing out fliers in front of the International Trade Mart with two "volunteers" he had hired for $2 at the unemployment office. Oswald's work came to an end in the wake of a WDSU radio debate between Bringuier and Oswald arranged by journalist Bill Stuckey. Instead of discussing issues concerning Cuba, Oswald had been publicly confronted by Bringuier with the lies and omissions he had made concerning his life and background. Oswald was devastated and humiliated, and a month later he left New Orleans to return to Dallas. |
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Oswald's four months in the city are the subject of much attention, most notably New Orleans district attorney [[Jim Garrison]]'s attempt to link Oswald to wealthy local businessman [[Clay Shaw]], former president of the International Trade Mart. The links between Oswald and Shaw supposedly included [[W. Guy Banister]], a retired FBI agent and former New Orleans police chief turned private investigator, and [[David Ferrie]], a pilot and amateur [[cancer]] researcher who wore an ill-fitting red wig because a rare disease made him hairless. Although Ferrie and Oswald were both in the [[Civil Air Patrol]] in New Orleans in the 1950s and a [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/oswald/glimpse/ferrie.html CAP group photo] shows them together, there is no credible evidence that they knew each other then or in 1963. Banister had an office in the building at 544 Camp Street and Oswald stamped some (but not all) of his flyers with that address. There is also no credible evidence that Oswald knew Banister or rented an office at Banister's building, and in any case Oswald's letters, applications, etc. were constantly filled with lies. But Oswald must have known the building since the Reilly Coffee Company is only a block away. It was also home to the anti-Castro Cuban Revolutionary Council, and using their address may have been Oswald's way of attempting to embarrass them. |
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==Mexico== |
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Ruth Paine drove to New Orleans to bring Marina back to Dallas, while Oswald lingered in the city for two more days in order to collect a $33 unemployment check. He boarded a bus for [[Houston]], but instead of heading north to Dallas he boarded a bus southwest towards [[Laredo]] and the Mexican border. In Mexico, he planned to continue on to Cuba, a plan which he openly shared with other passengers on the bus. Once in [[Mexico City]], he had completed a [http://jfkassassination.net/russ/infojfk/jfk3/3p137f407.jpg visa application] at the Cuban Embassy, claiming he wanted to visit the country on his way back to the [[Soviet Union]]. The Cubans insisted the Soviet Union needed to approve his journey to that country first before he could get a Cuban visa, and he was rejected by the Soviet Embassy once they checked up on him with Moscow. After shuttling back and forth between consulates for five days, Oswald returned to Dallas. Disappointed and surprised that he was not quickly allowed into Cuba despite his work on behalf of the Cuban revolution, he never spoke in glowing terms about Cuba or Castro again. |
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==The rifle and Oswald’s marksmanship== |
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[[Image:Oswaldrifle.jpg|thumb|Lee Harvey Oswald's Mannlicher-Carcano rifle, in the US National Archives]] |
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In March 1963, Oswald (using his [[Fair Play for Cuba Committee]] alias, Alex J. Hidell) allegedly purchased a [[rifle]] and [[handgun]] that were later linked by investigators to the events of [[November 22]], [[1963]]. |
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''Rifle'' |
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:6.5 x 52 mm Italian [[Mannlicher-Carcano]] M91/38 bolt-action rifle with a six-round [[magazine]] |
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:Serial number C2766 |
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:Western Cartridge Co. ammunition with a 160 grain (10.37 g) round nose bullet |
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:Side-mounted Ordnance Optics 4 x 18 telescopic sight |
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''Handgun'' |
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:.38 Special (9x29R) Smith & Wesson Victory revolver, 2.25 in (57 mm) barrel |
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:Serial number V510210 |
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:Converted from .38 S&W (9x20R) the barrel shortened from five in (127 mm) barrel |
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The rifle was kept in the garage of family friends, Michael and Ruth Paine, at whose home Marina Oswald was living at the time. See Warren Commission report describing testimony of Michael R. Paine and his wife, Ruth Paine. [http://www.jfkassassination.net/russ/testimony/paine_m1.htm] |
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During his 1956 to 1959 military career, Oswald had scored the rating of "sharpshooter" in December 1956, on two occasions achieving 48 and 49 out of 50 shots during rapid fire at a 200 yard (183 m) distant target, using his standard issue [[M1 Garand]] semiautomatic rifle but failed to gain a marksmanship badge. Skeptics doubt the likelihood of Oswald being able to fire shots so accurately and rapidly with the Mannlicher-Carcano (an older, smaller caliber, less-accurate and much slower firing and poorly maintained rifle than Oswald's Marine Corps Garand) and from the position he was theorized to use to kill Kennedy moving at nine to 12 mph (14 to 19 km/h). They argue that expert marksmen could not duplicate Oswald's alleged feat in their first try during the reenactments by the Warren Commission (1964) and CBS (1967). |
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In those tests, the marksmen were attempting to hit the target three times within 4.5 seconds, which was the FBI's technical estimate of the minimum time in which three shots could be aimed and fired with that specific model of rifle. The use of this number has been heavily disputed, with modern analysis of a digitally enhanced [[Zapruder film]] suggesting that the first and final shots may have come as much as 8.4 seconds apart. |
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Even so, many of CBS's 11 volunteer marksmen, who (unlike Oswald) had had no prior experience with a Mannlicher-Carcano, were able to hit the target three times in well under the time allotted. |
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==The assassination of JFK== |
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{{main|The Assassination of JFK}} |
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According to the [[Warren Commission]] report (1964) on the [[John F. Kennedy assassination]], Oswald shot Kennedy from a window on the sixth floor of the [[Texas School Book Depository]], where he was employed during the Christmas rush, as the President's motorcade passed through Dallas' [[Dealey Plaza]] at 12:30 pm on November 22. (See [[lone gunman theory]].) Texas Governor [[John Connally]] was wounded at the same time, along with an assassination witness, [[James Tague]], who was standing some 270 feet (82 m) in front of the presidential limousine. However, critics of this account assert that photographic, film and witness evidence indicate that there were at least one or two shooters in an area known as the [[Dealey Plaza grassy knoll|grassy knoll]] behind a picket fence atop a small sloping hill in Dealey Plaza, to President Kennedy's right-front. A number of witnesses reported seeing a flash of light, seeing a puff of smoke come from behind the fence, and hearing shots from that direction. Some also smelt gunpowder in the area when they went to investigate. In the 8 mm [[Zapruder]] film, it appears that the direction of President Kennedy's body was in a decidedly back and left direction after the shot. However, if the films are viewed frame by frame, it can be seen that there is a sudden forward-motion of the president, inconsistent with anything but a sudden stop of the limo, (which didn't happen) or a rear-ward shot, as from the book depository. Two frames after the forward motion there is a second, more prolonged backward motion. A large portion of brain matter was projected forward, but some protest that this is not evidence of a rear shot by Oswald, as blood and brain matter also sprayed backward, hitting the windshield of one of the motorcycle escorts. [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jackie Kennedy]] can be seen in the Zapruder film crawling onto the rear of the car to retrieve a piece of skull which she later handed to Dr Marion Jenkins at Parkland Hospital. |
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==Oswald's flight and the murder of Officer J. D. Tippit== |
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Immediately after the shooting, Oswald headed for the Depository's rear staircase, disposing of the rifle behind some boxes in the storage room. On the second floor, he encountered Dallas police officer Marion Baker, who had driven his motorcycle to the door of the Depository and sprinted up the stairs to search for the shooter. With him was Oswald's supervisor, Roy Truly, who had identified Oswald as an employee, so Baker let Oswald pass. Oswald bought a [[Coca-Cola|Coke]] from a vending machine in the second floor lunchroom, crossed the floor to the front staircase, then descended and left the building through the front entrance on Elm Street. |
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At about 12:40 pm (CST), Oswald boarded a city bus by pounding on the door in the middle of the block, but when traffic slowed the bus to a halt, he requested a [http://www.jfkassassination.net/transfer.gif bus transfer] from the driver. He took a taxicab to a point a few blocks away from his rooming house at 1026 N. Beckley St. then walked there to retrieve his revolver and beige jacket at about 1:00 pm. Moments later, Oswald left the house. He lingered briefly at a bus stop across the street then began walking. His ultimate destination is unknown, but before he was stopped, he had walked almost a mile (1.6 km) and was only four blocks away from a 1:40 pm city bus which could have connected him with a [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] headed south for Mexico. |
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Officer [[J. D. Tippit]] had undoubtedly heard the general description of the alleged shooter, based on the statement of witness [[Howard Brennan]], who had seen Oswald in the window of the Depository from across the street, had given to police and was broadcast over the police radio at 12:45 pm. Thirty minutes later, Tippit spotted a man fitting Oswald's description standing near the corner of Patton Avenue and 10th Street and pulled up next to him to talk to him through his patrol car window. Tippit then got out of his car and Oswald suddenly pulled his .38 revolver and shot Tippit six times, killing him instantly in view of several witnesses. Oswald reloaded the revolver, leaving the empty shell casings on the street and his jacket in the parking lot of a nearby service station. Thirteen people either witnessed the shooting or had identified Oswald fleeing the scene. |
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Oswald, after leaving his jacket at the service station, then ducked into the entrance way of a nearby shoe store on Jefferson Street to avoid some passing police cars and then sneaked into the nearby [[Texas Theater]] without paying. The shoe store's manager followed him and alerted the theater's ticket clerk, who phoned police. The police quickly arrived and poured into the theater, which was showing the film ''[[War Is Hell]]'' starring [[Audie Murphy]]. Officer M.N. McDonald saw Oswald sitting near the rear of the theater and ordered him to stand. Oswald punched McDonald and drew his revolver, but McDonald tackled Oswald before he could fire. Police arrested him at 1:50 pm and took him into custody, past an angry crowd who had gathered outside the theater and shouted for Oswald's death. |
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Oswald was booked on suspicion first as a suspect in the shooting of Officer Tippit and shortly afterward on suspicion of assassinating Kennedy. However, the arraignment hearing on the Kennedy shooting charge was interrupted, so he was never officially charged with the assassination of President Kennedy. Oswald's elder brother Robert visited Lee in jail and asked him quizzically, "Lee, what in the Sam Hill is going on?" Lee replied coldly with a straight face, "I don't know." Robert responded, "Look, the police have your pistol, they have your rifle and you've been charged with the shooting of the President and a police officer and you tell me you don't know?" |
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While in custody, Oswald had an impromptu brush with reporters and photographers in the hallway of the police station, an up-close-and-personal situation which almost certainly would not be allowed to happen nowadays. A reporter asked him, "Did you shoot the President?" His answer was, "I have not been accused of that; in fact, I didn't even know about it until you asked me that question." To many who heard it, this calm response to such a seemingly startling question, complete with its "non-denial denial", sounded like a rehearsed answer. Later, Oswald overtly denied the crime, telling reporters "I didn't shoot anyone" and "I'm just a patsy". |
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==Oswald's death== |
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[[Image:Ruby-shooting-oswald.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|Jack Ruby shooting Lee Harvey Oswald]] |
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On November 24, at 11:21 am CST, after 15 hours of interrogation, while he was being transferred via car to a nearby jail, Oswald was shot and fatally wounded in the basement of the Dallas police headquarters, in front of live TV cameras, by [[Jack Ruby]], a Dallas [[nightclub]] owner with many friends and acquaintances in the Dallas Police and in the underworld. |
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Millions watched the shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald on television. It was the first time in TV history that a homicide was captured and shown publicly live, but it was shown live on only one network, [[NBC]]. |
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The route that Ruby took to get down into the basement of the Dallas jail has been disputed, although Ruby was very specific about having used the basement vehicle entrance ramp (and his access to the jail on other days). This was recorded during the [[polygraph]] test Ruby insisted on taking and documented in a Warren Report appendix. Additionally, one witness, a former Dallas police officer named Napoleon Daniels, stated that he had seen Ruby use the ramp. However, others speculate Ruby entered the basement from inside police headquarters. The use of a route through the jail building suggests to some that Ruby had received help from authorities inside the building, however, many journalists entered the building without having their credentials checked, and Ruby can be seen on film also inside the building on the previous Friday night, apparently posing as a reporter. |
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One of the several questions Ruby showed signs of lying about (despite the polygraph operator having turned-down the sensitivity mechanism of the polygraph machine) was when Ruby answered "no" to if he had known or met Oswald before the assassination. In the preparations to his trial Ruby later stated that he killed Oswald on the spur of the moment to spare Jacqueline Kennedy the stress and embarrassment a trial would cause her, and during the trial his defense team suggested that Ruby’s actions were related to an epileptic event brought on by the photographers camera flashbulbs and movie camera lights. Immediately after his arrest however, Ruby expressed to Dallas policemen that the American people would see him "as a hero," that he had maintained Dallas's "good reputation" and/or that the murder was proof that "Jews have guts." |
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[http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/grave.htm Oswald’s grave] is in Rose Hill Memorial Burial Park in Fort Worth. The November 25th burial and funeral were paid for by Oswald’s brother Robert. There was no religious service and reporters acted as pallbearers. When his mother died in 1981, she was buried next to Oswald with no headstone. Originally, his headstone read "Lee Harvey Oswald", but this was stolen and replaced with a marker which simply reads "Oswald". Immediately adjacent is a marker which reads "Nick Beef", the stage name of a local comedian who purchased the site and used that fact in his act. Oswald's wife, Marina, married Kenneth Porter in 1965 and her two daughters, June and Rachel, took Porter's last name. |
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==Investigations== |
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The [[Warren Commission]] created by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] on [[November 29]], [[1963]] to investigate the assassination, concluded that Oswald did assassinate Kennedy and that he acted alone (also known as the [[Lone gunman theory]]). The proceedings of the commission were secret, and 3+% of its files have yet to be released to the public, further fuelling speculation about the assassination. A later investigation by the [[House Select Committee on Assassinations]], during the late 1970s, concluded that President Kennedy "most-likely was assassinated as the result of a [[conspiracy]]." |
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====The 1981 exhumation==== |
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In October 1981, Oswald was subject to an [[exhumation]] undertaken by [[United Kingdom|British]] writer Michael Eddowes (with Marina Oswald Porter's support). They sought to prove or disprove a thesis developed in a 1975 book, ''Khrushchev Killed Kennedy'' (The book was republished in 1976 in Britain as ''November 22: How They Killed Kennedy'' and in America a year later as ''The Oswald File''.) The thesis of the trio of books was that when Oswald went to the [[Soviet Union]], he was swapped with a Soviet clone. Eddowes's support for his thesis was a claim that the corpse buried in 1963 in the Shannon Rose Hill Memorial Park cemetery in [[Fort Worth, Texas]] did not have a scar that resulted from surgery conducted on Oswald years before. The final results of the exhumation found that the corpse they studied was Oswald's. The finding was based on dental records. |
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==Oswald in fiction== |
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One of Oswald's Marine Corps comrades, [[Kerry Thornley]], shortly after learning of Oswald's October 1959 departure for the [[USSR]], began writing a novel titled ''The Idle Warriors;'' its [[protagonist]] of Johnny Shellburne (a disillusioned Marine stationed in Japan who defects to the Soviet Union) being significantly inspired by Oswald's character and actions. ''The Idle Warriors'' is currently the only known literary work about Lee Oswald completed before the JFK assassination. Although an unpublished copy of Thornley's completed manuscript had been given to the Warren Commission in 1964 and was later stored in the [[National Archives]], ''The Idle Warriors'' was not formally published until 1991. |
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[[Stephen Sondheim]] and [[John Weidman]] present another interpretation of the events in their musical ''[[Assassins (musical)|Assassins]]''. In the play Oswald goes to work on November 22 with the intention of killing himself, but [[John Wilkes Booth]] ([[Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln's]] assassin) appears out of the bookcases. Other assassins follow and convince Oswald that the way to gain his fame and appreciation is to shoot Kennedy instead of himself. |
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He has also been portrayed in various novels, such as ''[[Libra]]'' by [[Don DeLillo]] and ''The Two Faces of Lee Harvey Oswald'' by Glenn B. Fleming. |
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Another novel featuring Oswald and speculation on the [[Dealey Plaza grassy knoll|Grassy Knoll]] theory is 1975's [[The Illuminatus! Trilogy]] by [[Robert Shea]] and [[Robert Anton Wilson]]. |
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In the 1973 movie ''[[Executive Action (movie)|Executive Action]]'', actual archival footage of Oswald is used, while an Oswald "double" in the film is played by James Mac Coll. |
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In the 1977 movie "The Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald" John Pleshette plays Oswald in a fictional dramatization of the trial that never happened. |
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In the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[British comedy|comedy]] series [[Red Dwarf]], Oswald is disturbed by the arrival of the Red Dwarf crew. Forced to choose another location, Oswald's shot goes wide, and [[history]] is changed. Having seen the [[dystopia|dystopic]] future their actions have caused, the crew recruit an alternative John F. Kennedy from the future to shoot "himself" from behind the Grassy Knoll. The [[Red Dwarf characters|character]] [[Red Dwarf characters#Kryten|Kryten]] claims that not only will these actions restore the original timeline, but they will also "drive the [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorists]] crazy". |
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In the 5th season of the show [[Quantum Leap]], the character of Sam Beckett 'leaps' into the body of Oswald, days before he's supposed to shoot Kennedy. In fact, the leap 'into' Oswald was while he was posing for the photo of himself holding a rifle, taken by his wife. |
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In Woody Allen's 1977 film [[Annie Hall]], Woody's character of Alvy Singer obsesses over the JFK assassination, unable to believe the Warren Commission's conclusion that Oswald acted alone. His wife Allison (Carol Kane), accuses him of using his 'conspiracy theory' as "an excuse to avoid sex with me". As it happens, they're both right. |
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In [[Ken Grimwood]]'s novel ''[[Replay (novel)|Replay]]'', the protagonist, upon finding himself reliving the month of November 1963, travels to Dallas and sends death threats to Kennedy, signed with Oswald's name, from Oswald's local post office. Oswald is arrested soon after; to the protagonist's surprise, Kennedy is still assassinated on the 22nd. |
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In a 4th season episode of the fictional show [[X-Files]], it is revealed that the [[Cigarette Smoking Man]], then an Army Captain, killed Kennedy by shooting him from a storm drain as the President's motorcade was passing by. CSM was secretly ordered to do so by a vindictive army General who felt Kennedy had bungled the Bay of Pigs invasion by withholding air support for the invading fleet. CSM also arranged the situation in such a way as to frame Oswald. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Coincidence theory]] |
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==Further reading== |
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* [[Norman Mailer]], ''[[Oswald's Tale]]'', Random House (1996), hardcover, ISBN 0517169428 |
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* [[Michael Eddowes]], ''Khrushchev Killed Kennedy'', self-published, (1975), paperback (republished as ''Nov. 22, How They Killed Kennedy'', Neville Spearman (1976), hardback, ISBN 0859780198 and as ''The Oswald File'', Potter (1977), hardcover, ISBN 0517530554) |
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* [[Jim Marrs]], ''Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy,'' Carroll & Graf Publishers, NYC, 1990, ISBN: 0881846481 |
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*[[Gerald Posner]], ''Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK'', Random House (1993), hardcover, ISBN 0679418253 |
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* [[Anthony Summers]], ''Conspiracy, Who killed president Kennedy'', Fontana (1980), |
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* [[Matthew Smith]], ''JFK: Say Goodbye to America'', Mainstream Publishing (2004) |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/oswald/ ''Frontline'': Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald?] |
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* [http://www.jfkassassination.net/oswald.htm Lee Harvey Oswald: Lone Assassin or Patsy] |
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* [http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm Lee Harvey Oswald Chronology] |
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* [http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/xindex.htm Articles and links critical of the 1981 exhumation] |
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* [http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/assassins/jfk/7.html?sect=24 Crime Library: Lee Harvey Oswald] |
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* http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk |
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* [http://www.jfklancerforum.com JFK Lancer Forum] |
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* [http://jfkassassination.net/russ/jfkinfo4/jfk12/hscademo.htm HUAC staff report on George de Mohrenschildt] |
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* [http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/noroots.htm The New Orleans roots of Lee Harvey Oswald] |
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* [http://thepresidenthasbeenshot.4t.com The President has been shot Website] |
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Revision as of 02:45, 10 September 2005
Gamaliel, just found out that your mom put a dog's penis into her asshole...then you licked the dog's dick it clean and kissed your mom on the lips. Fuck with others, others fuck you.