JARIC: Difference between revisions
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== History of MI4 == |
== History of MI4 == |
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Following a series of successful covert [[Air reconnaissance#Reconnaissance from air and space vehicles|air reconnaissance]] operations run by the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service ([[MI6]]) prior to [[World War II]], the Photographic Development Unit (PDU) was established on 19 January 1940, based in [[Wembley]], [[Middlesex]], and codenamed [[MI4]] (Military Intelligence, section 4).<ref>MOD official [http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/SecurityandIntelligence/DIS/ICG/JaricTheNationalImageryExploitationCentreHistory.htm JARIC history page].</ref> The interpretation section of PDU was officially renamed Photographic Development Unit - Interpretation and Intelligence (PDUI) on 12 June 1940 |
Following a series of successful covert [[Air reconnaissance#Reconnaissance from air and space vehicles|air reconnaissance]] operations run by the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service ([[MI6]]) prior to [[World War II]], the Photographic Development Unit (PDU) was established on 19 January 1940, based in [[Wembley]], [[Middlesex]], and codenamed [[MI4]] (Military Intelligence, section 4).<ref>MOD official [http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/SecurityandIntelligence/DIS/ICG/JaricTheNationalImageryExploitationCentreHistory.htm JARIC history page].</ref> The interpretation section of PDU was officially renamed Photographic Development Unit - Interpretation and Intelligence (PDUI) on 12 June 1940. |
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Both units then became the Photographic Interpretation Unit (PIU) by 11 July 1940 and, through a series of War Ministry reorganisations, later became the Central Interpretation Unit (CIU). In 1941, during the war, MI4 moved its Headquarters to [[RAF Medmenham]], [[Buckinghamshire]], and in August 1947 changed its name again to the Joint Air Photographic Intelligence Centre (UK) JAPIC[UK]. This also marked the formal ending of the codename MI4. Although all 'MI' codenames have officially been abolished, those of [[MI5]] (Security Service) and [[MI6]] (Secret Intelligence Service) have endured in popular culture and usage in a way that [[MI4]] (Jaric) has ''not'' done in relation to its own organisation. On 17 December 1953 the unit was finally given the name of Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre [UK] - JARIC[UK]. |
Both units then became the Photographic Interpretation Unit (PIU) by 11 July 1940 and, through a series of War Ministry reorganisations, later became the Central Interpretation Unit (CIU). In 1941, during the war, MI4 moved its Headquarters to [[RAF Medmenham]], [[Buckinghamshire]], and in August 1947 changed its name again to the Joint Air Photographic Intelligence Centre (UK) - JAPIC[UK]. This also marked the formal ending of the codename MI4. Although all 'MI' codenames have officially been abolished, those of [[MI5]] (Security Service) and [[MI6]] (Secret Intelligence Service) have endured in popular culture and usage in a way that [[MI4]] (Jaric) has ''not'' done in relation to its own organisation. On 17 December 1953 the unit was finally given the name of Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre [UK] - JARIC[UK]. |
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In 1956, the JARIC Photographic Wing moved from [[RAF Medmenham|Medmenham]] to [[RAF Brampton|Brampton]], together with other elements from [[RAF Wyton]], [[Huntingdonshire]], and the Interpretation Unit from [[Nuneham House|Nuneham Park]] near [[Oxford]]. Later in the year they were joined by the Joint School of Photographic Interpretation (JSPI). |
In 1956, the JARIC Photographic Wing moved from [[RAF Medmenham|Medmenham]] to [[RAF Brampton|Brampton]], together with other elements from [[RAF Wyton]], [[Huntingdonshire]], and the Interpretation Unit from [[Nuneham House|Nuneham Park]] near [[Oxford]]. Later in the year they were joined by the Joint School of Photographic Interpretation (JSPI). |
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Revision as of 11:28, 13 December 2008
JARIC - The National Imagery Exploitation Centre, part of the Intelligence Collection Group (ICG) within United Kingdom Defence Intelligence, is a photographic interpretation and intelligence centre based at RAF Brampton near Huntingdon in Cambridgeshire.
History of MI4
Following a series of successful covert air reconnaissance operations run by the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) prior to World War II, the Photographic Development Unit (PDU) was established on 19 January 1940, based in Wembley, Middlesex, and codenamed MI4 (Military Intelligence, section 4).[1] The interpretation section of PDU was officially renamed Photographic Development Unit - Interpretation and Intelligence (PDUI) on 12 June 1940.
Both units then became the Photographic Interpretation Unit (PIU) by 11 July 1940 and, through a series of War Ministry reorganisations, later became the Central Interpretation Unit (CIU). In 1941, during the war, MI4 moved its Headquarters to RAF Medmenham, Buckinghamshire, and in August 1947 changed its name again to the Joint Air Photographic Intelligence Centre (UK) - JAPIC[UK]. This also marked the formal ending of the codename MI4. Although all 'MI' codenames have officially been abolished, those of MI5 (Security Service) and MI6 (Secret Intelligence Service) have endured in popular culture and usage in a way that MI4 (Jaric) has not done in relation to its own organisation. On 17 December 1953 the unit was finally given the name of Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre [UK] - JARIC[UK].
In 1956, the JARIC Photographic Wing moved from Medmenham to Brampton, together with other elements from RAF Wyton, Huntingdonshire, and the Interpretation Unit from Nuneham Park near Oxford. Later in the year they were joined by the Joint School of Photographic Interpretation (JSPI).
In 1980 the (UK) was dropped from the name to reflect the closing of the Cyprus-based JARIC(ME) in April 1975.
On 19 April 1996 the unit ceased to fall under operational control of the Royal Air Force and became an agency under the operational control of the Director General Intelligence and Geographic Requirements (now Director General Intelligence Collection), taking a more centralised government role within the Ministry of Defence.
On 1 April 2000 the unit stopped functioning as an independent agency and merged with Military Survey into the Defence Geographic and Imagery Intelligence Agency (DGIA).
On the 10 October 2005 the JARIC name ceased to be an acronym to reflect the fact that its sources of imagery had shifted away from those provided by UK Air Reconnaissance platforms to be predominantly satellite imagery based. The descriptor ‘The National Imagery Exploitation Centre’ was also added to the name to better explain the role that JARIC now provides not just within the Ministry of Defence but within the wider UK intelligence community.
On 10 June 2006, DGI (as it became after de-agencification within the UK's Defence Intelligence Service) was renamed the Intelligence Collection Group (ICG) comprising the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC) based at Feltham, Middlesex, The Joint Signals Support Organisation (JSSO), based at Digby, the Joint Aeronautical and Geographic Organisation (JAGO) based at Hermitage and JARIC-The National Imagery Exploitation Centre based at Brampton.
Current organisation
The head of the service is Group Captain Ian Wood OBE MA BA RAF. JARIC currently comprises around the same number of staff that it did when first established under its current title in 1953 (around 500) and is the UK’s prime provider of imagery intelligence, both to meet the demands of the Ministry of Defence and to meet the requirements of the wider intelligence community. Its role has evolved from the more traditional photographic analysis to encompass more technical intelligence disciplines such as MASINT (Measurement and Signatures Intelligence) and also GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence).
JARIC is currently organised into four branches:
- JARIC Operations
- JARIC Support
- JARIC Education & Training
- JARIC Policy & Process
History of the JARIC Crest
The Origins of the JARIC crest date back to 1940 when Captain Gerald Lacoste, Royal Artillery, designed an informal badge for the Photographic Interpretation Unit at Wembley. To fully understand the reasons for the selection of the lynx as the centrepoint of the badge, one has to first understand the nature and origins of the lynx itself. In classical Greek mythology and the story of Jason and the Argonauts, the Pilot of Jason's ship, the Argo was named Lynceus and was renowned for his keen eyesight. It was said in Homer's The Odyssey that Lynceus could ‘see into the hearts of the darkest forests and to the depths of the deepest oceans‘. When the lynx was first discovered it was noted that it was a tremendous nocturnal predator and hunted its prey of small rodents, hares, deer and foxes, not through chase but through stealth and surprise attack. It was thought to have gifted nocturnal vision and so was named the lynx after Lynceus.
One of the other quotes from Homer about Lynceus was that ‘He saw the cities of a thousand men and knew their minds‘ and so the symbol of the Lynx became a natural choice for a fledgling Imagery Intelligence unit designed for spying on other nations through the gifted use of imagery.
Nowadays it is commonly known that the lynx has questionable eyesight and tracks its prey through a myriad of other sensors to augment its visual acuity. Its sense of smell can track a rat at 75m and its hearing is able to differentiate sounds from a half a kilometre away.
References
- ^ MOD official JARIC history page.
See also
- National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation
- Government Communications Headquarters
- MI4
- MI5
- MI6
- European Union Satellite Centre