Red Bull: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Red Bull 250mL Can.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Cans of Red Bull]] |
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'''Red Bull''' is an [[energy drink]] that is sold by [[Red Bull GmbH]].<ref>see http://www.energyfiend.com/2007/04/the-15-top-energy-drink-brands</ref> In 2006, more than 4 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] cans were sold in over 130 countries. Having originated in [[Thailand]], the company's main headquarters are located in [[Austria]]. |
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==Product== |
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Marketed as an [[energy drink]] "to combat mental and physical [[fatigue (physical)|fatigue]]", it contains, per 250 mL (8.3 [[Fluid ounce|U.S. fl. oz.]]) serving, about 21.5 g [[sucrose]], 5.25 g of [[glucose]], 50 mg of [[inositol]], 1000 mg of [[taurine]], 600 mg of [[glucuronolactone]], [[vitamin B]] — 20 mg of [[niacin]], 5 mg of [[vitamin B6]], 5 mg of [[pantothenic acid]] and 5 μg of [[vitamin B12]] , 80 mg of [[caffeine]]. The caffeine in one serving is similar to that found in an average cup of brewed [[coffee]] (typically 100 mg/250 ml cup, but 72 mg for a U.S. regular 6 fluid ounces [[cup (unit)|cup]] of coffee) or twice as much as found in a can of [[Coca Cola|Coke]] (40 mg/330 ml can). A sugar-free version has been available since the beginning of 2003. Sugar-free Red Bull is sweetened with [[aspartame]] and [[sucralose]], as opposed to sucrose and glucose. |
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Red Bull has the flavor of a carbonated [[guarana]] drink. It is commonly used as a mixer with alcoholic drinks such as [[vodka]], and is the base ingredient in a [[Jägerbomb]]. |
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===Ingredients=== |
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A can of Red Bull from the [[United Kingdom]] states the ingredients as: |
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[[Water]], [[sucrose]], [[glucose]], [[sodium citrates]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[taurine]], [[glucuronolactone]], [[caffeine]], [[inositol]], [[niacin]], [[pantothenic acid]], [[vitamin B6]], [[vitamin B12]], [[caramel]] and [[riboflavin]]. In comparison, a can of Sugar Free Red Bull from the [[United Kingdom]] states the ingredients as: [[water]], acidity regulator [[sodium citrates]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[taurine]], [[glucuronolactone]], sweeteners ([[acesulfame K]], [[aspartame]]), [[caffeine]], [[inositol]], [[niacin]], [[pantothenic acid]], [[vitamin B6]], [[vitamin B12]], thickener [[xanthan gum]], colours ([[caramel]], [[riboflavin]]). |
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[[Taurine]] is a naturally occurring organic acid in the human body and is also present in foods like poultry, fish, and scallops. In addition to being an antioxidant, it is mainly used by the body during physical exertion and stress.<ref name="autogenerated1">http://www.redbullusa.com/#page=ProductPage.Ingredients Red Bull North America Inc.</ref> In its natural form, [[taurine]] is derived from animal tissue, having been first isolated from bull (''Bos taurus'') [[bile]], hence the name "Red Bull"; however, the [[taurine]] used in the Red Bull drink is produced synthetically. It is also the first energy drink to list [[glucuronolactone]] in its ingredient list. [[Glucuronolactone]] is a carbohydrate involved in detoxification. The chemical naturally occurs in the human body, but is also present in foods like grain and wine.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> |
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==Brand portfolio== |
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! Name !! Launched !! Discontinued !! Notes !! Picture |
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| [[Red Bull]] |
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| align="center"| 1987<ref name="bullmarket">http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_22_42/ai_75286777 A Bull's Market: The Marketing of the Red Bull Energy Drink</ref> |
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| [[Red Bull Sugar-Free]] |
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| align="center"| 2003{{Fact|date=January 2009}} |
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|[[Red Bull Cola]] |
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| align="center"| 2008<ref name="entrant">[http://gendigital.typepad.com/gendigital/2008/03/a-new-entrant-i.html GenDigital: A New Entrant In The Cola Wars With A Familiar Name<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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|The company's take on a cola beverage, this product has all natural ingredients and is marketed as a natural product.<ref name="entrant" /> It is available in both the original 250ml cans and the newer 355ml version.<ref>[http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=60121&d=258&h=262&f=3 MarketingWeek: Red Bull launches cola drink]</ref> |
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==Health Effects== |
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===General=== |
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A review published in 2008 found no documented reports of negative health effects associated with the taurine used in the amounts found in most energy drinks, including Red Bull.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18595815 Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks]</ref> |
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Commonly reported adverse effects due to caffeine used in the quantities present in Red Bull, are insomnia, nervousness, headache, and tachycardia (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine#Caffeine_intoxication Caffeine intoxication]). In cases of extreme over consumption, death is possible. |
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A 2008 position statement issued by the [[National Federation of State High School Associations]] made the following recommendations about energy drink consumption, in general, by young athletes:<ref>[http://www.nfhs.org/Core/ContentManager/uploads/PDFs/SportMed/2Energy%20Drink%20Statement.pdf POSITION STATEMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF ENERGY DRINKS BY YOUNG ATHLETES]</ref> |
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# Water and appropriate sports drinks should be used for rehydration as outlined in the NFHS Document “Position Statement and Recommendations for Hydration to Minimize the Risk for Dehydration and Heat Illness.” |
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# Energy drinks should not be used for hydration. |
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# Information about the absence of benefit and the presence of potential risk associated with energy drinks should be widely shared among all individuals who interact with young athletes. |
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# Energy drinks should not be consumed by athletes who are dehydrated. |
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# Energy drinks should not be consumed without prior medical approval, by athletes taking over the counter or prescription medications. |
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===Anaerobic muscular endurance and work=== |
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A study conducted in 2007 on 15 healthy young adults, found that Red Bull consumption led to an acute increase in upper body anaerobic muscular endurance; however, no effect was found on either peak lower body anaerobic muscular work, or average lower body anaerobic muscular work.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046053 Effect of Red Bull energy drink on repeated Wingate cycle performance and bench-press muscle endurance]</ref> |
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===Cardiovascular effects=== |
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The results of a single study conducted in 2008 showed that the ingestion of one, 250mL can of sugar-free Red Bull, in a sample of 30 healthy young adults, had an immediate detrimental effect on both endothelial function, and normal blood coagulation. This temporarily raised the cardiovascular risk in these individuals to a level comparable to that of an individual with established coronary artery disease.<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7CW2-4T0F86T-20&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0e3fcd8da803bf77011fa8ee9d375cde Acute Effects of Red Bull on Platelet and Endothelial Function]</ref> |
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Based on their results, researchers involved with the study cautioned against the consumption of Red Bull in individuals under stress, in those with high blood pressure, or in anyone with established atherosclerotic disease.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSSYD5846120080815 Red Bull drink lifts stroke risk: Australian study]</ref> |
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Red Bull representatives, however, stated that this observed increase in cardiovascular risk was not felt to be different than that associated with drinking a regular cup of coffee. They also stated that they believed that Red Bull must be safe, as it was felt the only way Red Bull could have such substantial global sales is if various health authorities had concluded the drink safe to consume. |
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There has been at least one case report of Red Bull overdose causing [[postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]] in a young athlete.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682891 Reversible postural tachycardia syndrome due to inadvertent overuse of Red Bull]</ref> |
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==Advertising== |
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{{Newsrelease|date=November 2008}} |
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Red Bull has an aggressive international marketing campaign. The numerous sponsored activities range from extreme sports like windsurfing, snowboarding, cliff-diving, surfing, Formula 1 racing, and break dancing to art shows, music, and video games. It also hosts events like the "[[Red Bull Flugtag]]" (German for "flight day" or "flying day") and other such contests. Red Bull is also sponsoring football teams, in [[Salzburg]], [[Austria]], and [[New York]], and have included their company name in the club's names. By associating the drink's image with these activities, the company seeks to promote a "cool" public image and raise brand power. In addition, the slender container is used to suggest a "sexier" image than some other cola counterparts. Hence, this one energy drink has helped create a market for over 150 related types of merchandise,<ref>http://www.speedace.info/red_bull.htm Red Bull Company History</ref> like [[Red Rooster (drink)]] and [[Blue lightning]]. British institution ''Advertising Standards Authority'' has upheld complaints about claims made in the publicity of Red Bull in the United Kingdom since 1997.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1133348.stm BBC ''Energy drink claims rejected'']</ref> Even with all of the concerns regarding Red Bull, in 2000 the corporation earned around $1 billion in worldwide sales and Red Bull held 65% of the market share.<ref name="bullmarket" /> |
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Polish charitable organization demanded €1 million from Red Bull because of similarity of two slogans used by Red Bull and [[Fundacja Grażyny Malecha]] - "Gives you wings" and "Give wings to the children". Both sides have never met in the court.<ref>http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,545495,00.html Slogan Squabble. </ref> |
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In Malaysia, however, Red Bull does not use its "Gives you wings" slogan, but instead a single one-word slogan, ''Bullleh!'', a word play on the [[Malay language|Malay]] word ''Boleh'' (''lit: Can be done'') and the word ''Bull''. |
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The first [[Wipeout (video game series)|Wipeout]] games on the [[PlayStation]] had numerous in-game 'billboards' advertising Red Bull on them, but after the release of [[Wipeout Fusion]] none have been seen. Instead, the developers have created a fictional energy drink to take its place. |
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In the [[Playstation 3|Playstation 3's]] new social app, [[Playstation Home]], Red Bull has developed their own island in-game. Specifically advertising its energy drink and the ''[[Red Bull Air Race]]'' event. |
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==Litigation== |
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[[Tesco]]'s [[Kick (energy drink)|Kick]] energy drink was involved in a UK packaging design dispute during early 2007. Red Bull claimed [[Tesco]]'s product was too close to that of their own product. The attempted legal challenge was resolved after Tesco decided to settle out of court for an undisclosed sum.<ref>[http://www.ciao.co.uk/Kick_Stimulation_Drink__5335285 Kick Stimulation Drink: Read reviews and compare prices at Ciao.co.uk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Red Bull GmbH]] |
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*[[Red Bull Cola]] |
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*[[Jägerbomb]] |
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*[[Lipovitan]] |
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*[[Krating Daeng]] |
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*[[List of energy drinks]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commons|Red Bull}} |
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* [http://www.redbull.com Red Bull website] |
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* [http://www.redbull.ca Red Bull Canada] |
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* [http://www.redbullcrashedice.ca Red Bull Crashed Ice] |
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* [http://www.redbullairrace.com Red Bull Air Race World Championship] |
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* [http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/15-07/st_redbull What's inside: Red Bull] Wired.com (June 2007) |
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* [http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/index.php?newsid=5753 French ban on Red Bull upheld by European Court] Medical News Today (February 2004) |
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* [http://www.curia.europa.eu/en/actu/communiques/cp04/aff/cp040012en.htm Press release of the European Court inf the French case] |
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* [http://www.cbc.ca/consumers/market/files/health/redbull/index.html Raging Bull Investigation] CBC Marketplace (February 2005) |
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* [http://pintday.org/archive/20050322 Science vs. the Bull] Rebuttal to the CBC Marketplace article above (March 2005) |
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* [http://www.snopes.com/toxins/redbull.htm Bull Marketed] Urban legends pertaining to Red Bull (October 2004) |
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* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4826920.stm Red Bull 'masks alcoholic effect'] BBC News (March 2006) |
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* [http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/health-news/red-bull-it-promises-energy-but--doesnt-mention-sticky-blood-899614.html Red Bull: it promises energy, but doesn't mention sticky blood...] |
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<br/> |
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{{Energy Drinks}} |
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[[Category:1987 introductions]] |
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[[Category:Energy drinks]] |
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[[Category:Companies of Thailand]] |
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[[Category:Companies of Austria]] |
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[[Category:Red Bull| Red Bull]] |
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[[Category:Austrian inventions]] |
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Revision as of 17:10, 23 January 2009
RED BULL GIVES YOU WINGS.