USS Hoel (DD-533): Difference between revisions
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|Ship honours=Presidential Unit Citation, Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, 5 Battle Stars |
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|Ship fate=Sunk 25 October 1944, [[Battle off Samar]] |
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'''USS ''Hoel'' (DD-533)''' was a [[World War II]]-era [[Fletcher class destroyer|''Fletcher''-class destroyer]] in the service of the [[United States Navy]], named after [[Lieutenant Commander]] [[William R. Hoel]]. |
'''USS ''Hoel'' (DD-533)''' was a [[World War II]]-era [[Fletcher class destroyer|''Fletcher''-class destroyer]] in the service of the [[United States Navy]], named after [[Lieutenant Commander]] [[William R. Hoel]]. |
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''Hoel'' was launched 19 December 1942 by the Bethlehem Steel Co., [[San Francisco, California]], sponsored by Mrs. Charles Bunker Crane, Jr., granddaughter of the namesake; and commissioned 29 July 1943, Commander William Dow Thomas, USN, in command. |
''Hoel'' was launched 19 December 1942 by the Bethlehem Steel Co., [[San Francisco, California]], sponsored by Mrs. Charles Bunker Crane, Jr., granddaughter of the namesake; and commissioned 29 July 1943, [[Commander]] William Dow Thomas, USN, in command. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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''Hoel'' sailed from San Francisco Bay 16 August 1943 for shakedown training in operating areas out of [[San Diego, California|San Diego]] during which she made seven depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results. After returning to [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]] 17 September 1943 for final alterations, she cleared San Francisco 26 October 1943 as a part of the screen for a convoy which reached [[Pearl Harbor]] 31 October 1943 where ''Hoel'' reported to Captain A. |
''Hoel'' sailed from San Francisco Bay 16 August 1943 for shakedown training in operating areas out of [[San Diego, California|San Diego]] during which she made seven depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results. After returning to [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]] 17 September 1943 for final alterations, she cleared San Francisco 26 October 1943 as a part of the screen for a convoy which reached [[Pearl Harbor]] 31 October 1943 where ''Hoel'' reported to [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] A. O. Cook, Commander of Destroyer Squadron 47 (DesRon 47), who then shifted his flag to her from {{USS|Heermann|DD-532}}. |
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[[U.S. 5th Fleet|Fifth Fleet]], which was then preparing to take the [[Gilbert Islands]] in [[Operation Galvanic]], assigned ''Hoel'' to Admiral [[Richmond K. Turner|Kelly Turner]]'s Northern attack force Task Force 52 (TF 52). She joined |
[[U.S. 5th Fleet|Fifth Fleet]], which was then preparing to take the [[Gilbert Islands]] in [[Operation Galvanic]], assigned ''Hoel'' to [[Admiral]] [[Richmond K. Turner|Kelly Turner]]'s Northern attack force Task Force 52 (TF 52). She joined {{USS|Morris|DD-417}}, {{USS|Franks|DD-554}}, and {{USS|Hughes|DD-410}} and {{USS|Revenge|AM-110}} in guarding Air Support Group 52.3 composed of the [[escort aircraft carrier|escort carrier]]s {{USS|Liscome Bay|CVE-56}}, {{USS|Coral Sea|CVE-57}}, and {{USS|Corregidor|CVE-58}}. |
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''Hoel'' sortied from Pearl Harbor with her group 10 November 1943 and guarded her "baby flattops" as their aircraft pounded [[Makin (islands)|Makin]] in a dawn preinvasion attack 20 November 1943. For the next three days, [[torpedo bomber]]s and fighters from Air Support Group 52.3 supported Major General [[Ralph C. Smith]]'s [[27th Infantry Division (United States)|27th Infantry Division]] as it struggled to [[Battle of Makin|take Makin]]. Thousands of bombs and countless rounds from the guns on these aircraft smashed [[Japan]]ese troop concentrations, gun emplacements, and shore installations on the beleaguered island. Before dawn 24 November 1943, a [[torpedo]] fired by Japanese submarine {{Ship|Japanese submarine|I-175}} struck ''Liscome Bay'' amidships and lookouts on the fantail of ''Coral Sea'' spotted the wake of a second torpedo which barely missed their ship. Bluejackets on board ''Hoel'' saw smoke and flame rise at least a thousand feet (300 m) when the torpedo ripped into ''Liscome Bay'' and detonated her bomb magazine. Rear Admiral [[Henry M. Mullinnix]], commander of the Air Support Group, [[Irving Wiltsie| |
''Hoel'' sortied from Pearl Harbor with her group 10 November 1943 and guarded her "baby flattops" as their aircraft pounded [[Makin (islands)|Makin]] in a dawn preinvasion attack 20 November 1943. For the next three days, [[torpedo bomber]]s and fighters from Air Support Group 52.3 supported [[Major General]] [[Ralph C. Smith]]'s [[27th Infantry Division (United States)|27th Infantry Division]] as it struggled to [[Battle of Makin|take Makin]]. Thousands of bombs and countless rounds from the guns on these aircraft smashed [[Japan]]ese troop concentrations, gun emplacements, and shore installations on the beleaguered island. Before dawn 24 November 1943, a [[torpedo]] fired by Japanese submarine {{Ship|Japanese submarine|I-175}} struck ''Liscome Bay'' amidships and lookouts on the fantail of ''Coral Sea'' spotted the wake of a second torpedo which barely missed their ship. Bluejackets on board ''Hoel'' saw smoke and flame rise at least a thousand feet (300 m) when the torpedo ripped into ''Liscome Bay'' and detonated her bomb magazine. Rear Admiral [[Henry M. Mullinnix]], commander of the Air Support Group, Captain [[Irving Wiltsie|Irving D. Wiltsie]] and 642 officers and men died with the carrier that sank some 23 minutes later after spewing smoke, flame and redhot aircraft parts for miles around. The groups destroyers rescued 272 survivors. At dusk the following day, 25 November 1943, Japanese aircraft spotted [[Rear Admiral]] Turner's task force steaming a few miles off [[Butaritari Atoll|Butaritari]] Island and dropped both float and parachute flares on each side of his ships to light them up as targets for 13 torpedo bombers which swooped in to attack. Spirited gunnery and perfectly timed radical simultaneous turns, however, enabled the American vessels to escape without suffering a single hit. |
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When the escort carriers cleared the area at night 27 November 1943, Hoel joined the screen protecting Abemama Group l which was unloading on [[Abemama]] Island. The next morning ''Hoel'' joined Rear Admiral Turner's task force and arrived off [[Tarawa Atoll|Tarawa]] 1 December 1943 for antisubmarine patrol five miles (8 km) off the lagoon entrance. Two days later she joined the escort for |
When the escort carriers cleared the area at night 27 November 1943, Hoel joined the screen protecting Abemama Group l which was unloading on [[Abemama]] Island. The next morning, ''Hoel'' joined Rear Admiral Turner's task force and arrived off [[Tarawa Atoll|Tarawa]] 1 December 1943 for antisubmarine patrol five miles (8 km) off the lagoon entrance. Two days later she joined the escort for {{USS|Tennessee|BB-43}} and a group of transports sailing for Pearl Harbor where they arrived 11 December 1943. Captain A. G. Cook, commander of Destroyer Squadron 47 shifted his flag from ''Hoel'' to {{USS|McCord|DD-534}} 14 December 1943. |
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''Hoel'' with fleet units of the [[5th Amphibious Force]], began intensive training for the invasion of the [[Marshall Islands]]. Departed Pearl Harbor 21 January 1944 with the transport screen of Reserve Force, Task Group 51.1 (TG 51.1) which steamed east of [[Kwajalein]] while Rear Admiral Turner's Joint Expeditionary Force landed on that atoll 31 January 1944. ''Hoel'' escorted the group's transports into Kwajalein Lagoon 2 February 1944 and the following day took station as a radar picket patrol ship south of Kwajalein where she was on call for gunfire support. On 6 February 1944 she accompanied {{USS|Miller|DD-535}} on a tour of inspection in the [[Roi-Namur]] area for Admiral [[Chester Nimitz]]. |
''Hoel'' with fleet units of the [[5th Amphibious Force]], began intensive training for the invasion of the [[Marshall Islands]]. Departed Pearl Harbor 21 January 1944 with the transport screen of Reserve Force, Task Group 51.1 (TG 51.1) which steamed east of [[Kwajalein]] while Rear Admiral Turner's Joint Expeditionary Force landed on that atoll 31 January 1944. ''Hoel'' escorted the group's transports into Kwajalein Lagoon 2 February 1944, and the following day took station as a radar picket patrol ship south of Kwajalein where she was on call for gunfire support. On 6 February 1944, she accompanied {{USS|Miller|DD-535}} on a tour of inspection in the [[Roi-Namur]] area for Admiral [[Chester Nimitz]]. |
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When Task Forces 51 and 53 dissolved and their ships reverted to Task Force 51 ''Hoel'' was assigned to Fire Support Section 3, Task Unit 51.17.3 (TU 51.17.3) of the [[Eniwetok]] Expeditionary Group. In the early morning darkness of 17 February 1944 ''Hoel'' reentered Eniwetok Lagoon with |
When Task Forces 51 and 53 dissolved and their ships reverted to Task Force 51, ''Hoel'' was assigned to Fire Support Section 3, Task Unit 51.17.3 (TU 51.17.3) of the [[Eniwetok]] Expeditionary Group. In the early morning darkness of 17 February 1944, ''Hoel'' reentered Eniwetok Lagoon with {{USS|Portland|CA-33}} to bombard [[Parry Islands|Parry]] and [[Japtan Island|Japtan]] Islands. ''Hoel'' picked up several aviators from a wrecked scout aircraft from {{USS|Indianapolis|CA-35}} and returned them to their ship. That afternoon ''Hoel's'' guns destroyed several small craft on the beach of Parry Island and fired on pillboxes and troop concentrations inland. She then anchored in standby position while the rest of the force bombarded the two islands. The next day, ''Hoel'' took her turn at providing harassing fire and at night illuminated the beaches and the reef to prevent enemy troop movements. Just before daybreak 19 February 1944, she took station off Eniwetok for close fire support of the initial landings. When relieved by {{USS|Phelps|DD-360}} on 21 February 1944, ''Hoel'' steamed to a position off the deep entrance to Eniwetok Lagoon for patrol duty which continued until 26 February 1944, when she embarked a fighter director team from {{USS|Hazelwood|DD-531}} and assumed duties of standby fighter director for the Eniwetok area. On 4 March 1944, 2 days later after the attack and occupation phase of Eniwetok was completed, the fighter-director team was transferred to {{USS|Cambria|APA-36}}, freeing ''Hoel'' to depart for [[Majuro]] for repairs. |
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''Hoel'', in company with three other destroyers of DesRon 47 reported to Commander [[U.S. 3rd Fleet|3d Fleet]] at [[Purvis Bay]], [[Florida Island]], 18 March 1944. The next day she cleared that Port to join Task Force 39, but 20 March 1944 she was ordered to change course for [[Emirau Island]] which was then being [[Landing on Emirau|occupied by marines]]. On 25 March 1944 |
''Hoel'', in company with three other destroyers of DesRon 47 reported to Commander [[U.S. 3rd Fleet|3d Fleet]] at [[Purvis Bay]], [[Florida Island]], 18 March 1944. The next day she cleared that Port to join Task Force 39, but 20 March 1944 she was ordered to change course for [[Emirau Island]] which was then being [[Landing on Emirau|occupied by marines]]. On 25 March 1944, {{USS|Trathen|DD-530}} and {{USS|Johnston|DD-557}} joined ''Hoel'' and the rest of DesRon 47 uniting the squadron for the first time. |
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''Hoel'' then patrolled south and east of [[Cape Botiangen]], [[New Hanover Island]], where her guns destroyed an enemy warehouse 26 March 1944, and, the next day, captured documents which contained valuable information from a 4 foot (1.2 m) outrigger canoe. That night she made four depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results. She returned to Purvis Bay 8 April 1944 to screen a convoy carrying troops and supplies to Emirau Island. |
''Hoel'' then patrolled south and east of [[Cape Botiangen]], [[New Hanover Island]], where her guns destroyed an enemy warehouse 26 March 1944, and, the next day, captured documents which contained valuable information from a 4 foot (1.2 m) outrigger canoe. That night she made four depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results. She returned to Purvis Bay 8 April 1944 to screen a convoy carrying troops and supplies to Emirau Island. |
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Upon her return to Purvis Bay 14 April 1944 ''Hoel'' reported for duty to Rear Admiral R. W. Hayler, the commander of Cruiser Division 12 who kept her busy with training exercises and convoy duty until 14 August 1944 when she was assigned to the [[3d Amphibious Force]] then preparing for the invasion of the [[Palau]]s. She joined |
Upon her return to Purvis Bay 14 April 1944, ''Hoel'' reported for duty to Rear Admiral R. W. Hayler, the commander of Cruiser Division 12 who kept her busy with training exercises and convoy duty until 14 August 1944, when she was assigned to the [[3d Amphibious Force]] then preparing for the invasion of the [[Palau]]s. She joined {{USS|Kitkun Bay|CVE-71}} at [[Espiritu Santo]] 24 August 1944, for passage to Purvis Bay. On 8 September 1944 they put to sea for the Palau Islands with Rear Admiral W. D. Sample's escort carrier task force unit to provide air support during the [[Battle of Peleliu|invasion of Peleliu]]. While continuing to screen the escort carriers, she rescued a pilot and passenger from an aircraft that had gone into the sea on attempting to take off from {{USS|Ommaney Bay|CVE-79}} and transferred them to [[Marcus Island]]. On 1 October 1944, ''Hoel'' made three depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results. |
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==Taffy 3== |
==Taffy 3== |
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After replenishing at [[Seeadler Harbor]] of Manus, [[Admiralty Islands]], ''Hoel'' cleared that base with a fire support group 12 October 1944 to join Rear Admiral [[Thomas L. Sprague]]'s escort carrier group (Task Group 77.4) in invading the [[Philippines]]. Sprague's force was composed of three units, each comprising a group of escort carriers and a screen of destroyers and destroyer escorts. These units, known by their radio calls as the "Three Taffys", began operating off [[Samar (island)|Samar]] 18 October 1944 to cover the landings on [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]]. ''Hoel'' was attached to "Taffy 3" (Escort Carrier Task Unit 77.4.3) commanded by Rear Admiral [[Clifton A. F. Sprague]] and comprising four escort carriers guarded by destroyers ''Hoel'', ''Heermann'', and ''Johnston'', Before the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf#Battle off Samar|Battle off Samar]], "Taffy 3" was reinforced by the arrival of Admiral [[Ralph A. Ofstie]] with two more escort carriers and |
After replenishing at [[Seeadler Harbor]] of Manus, [[Admiralty Islands]], ''Hoel'' cleared that base with a fire support group 12 October 1944 to join Rear Admiral [[Thomas L. Sprague]]'s escort carrier group (Task Group 77.4) in invading the [[Philippines]]. Sprague's force was composed of three units, each comprising a group of escort carriers and a screen of destroyers and destroyer escorts. These units, known by their radio calls as the "Three Taffys", began operating off [[Samar (island)|Samar]] 18 October 1944 to cover the landings on [[Leyte (island)|Leyte]]. ''Hoel'' was attached to "Taffy 3" (Escort Carrier Task Unit 77.4.3) commanded by Rear Admiral [[Clifton A. F. Sprague]] and comprising four escort carriers guarded by destroyers ''Hoel'', ''Heermann'', and ''Johnston'', Before the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf#Battle off Samar|Battle off Samar]], "Taffy 3" was reinforced by the arrival of Admiral [[Ralph A. Ofstie]] with two more escort carriers and {{USS|Dennis|DE-405}}, {{USS|John C. Butler|DE-339}}, {{USS|Raymond|DE-341}}, and {{USS|Samuel B. Roberts|DE-413}}. |
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{{main|Battle off Samar}} |
{{main|Battle off Samar}} |
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Dawn of 25 October 1944 found "Taffy 3" steaming northeast of Samar operating as the Northern Air Support Group. "Taffy 2" was in the central position patrolling off the entrance to [[Leyte Gulf]], and "Taffy 1" covered the southern approaches to the Gulf some 150 miles (240 km) to the southeast of Hoel's "Taffy 3". Rear Admiral [[Clifton A. F. Sprague]] was under the erroneous impression that Admiral [[William Halsey, Jr.|William Halsey]]'s 3d Fleet was providing protection to the north and so was taken by surprise when at 06:45 'Taffy 3's" lookouts observed anti-aircraft fire to the northward and within 3 minutes were under heavy fire from Admiral [[Takeo |
Dawn of 25 October 1944 found "Taffy 3" steaming northeast of Samar operating as the Northern Air Support Group. "Taffy 2" was in the central position patrolling off the entrance to [[Leyte Gulf]], and "Taffy 1" covered the southern approaches to the Gulf some 150 miles (240 km) to the southeast of Hoel's "Taffy 3". Rear Admiral [[Clifton A. F. Sprague]] was under the erroneous impression that Admiral [[William Halsey, Jr.|William Halsey]]'s 3d Fleet was providing protection to the north and so was taken by surprise when at 06:45 'Taffy 3's" lookouts observed anti-aircraft fire to the northward and within 3 minutes were under heavy fire from [[Vice Admiral]] [[Takeo Kurita]]'s powerful Center Force of 4 battleships, 6 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, and 11 destroyers. |
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The only chance for survival of the little group of American "Jeep" carriers and "tin cans" lay in fleeing to the south hoping that aid would arrive before their complete destruction. While the carriers launched all available aircraft to attack their numerous Japanese adversaries and then formed a rough circle as they turned toward Leyte Gulf, ''Hoel'' and her fellow destroyers ''Johnston'' and ''Heermann'', worked feverishly to lay down a smoke screen to hide their "baby flattops" from the overwhelmingly superior enemy ships. At 07:06, when a providential rain squall helped to hide his carriers, Admiral Clifton Sprague boldly ordered his destroyers to attack the Japanese with torpedoes. ''Hoel'' instantly obeyed this order by heading straight for the nearest enemy battleship, [[Japanese battleship Kongō|''Kongō'']], then 18,000 |
The only chance for survival of the little group of American "Jeep" carriers and "tin cans" lay in fleeing to the south hoping that aid would arrive before their complete destruction. While the carriers launched all available aircraft to attack their numerous Japanese adversaries and then formed a rough circle as they turned toward Leyte Gulf, ''Hoel'' and her fellow destroyers ''Johnston'' and ''Heermann'', worked feverishly to lay down a smoke screen to hide their "baby flattops" from the overwhelmingly superior enemy ships. At 07:06, when a providential rain squall helped to hide his carriers, Admiral Clifton Sprague boldly ordered his destroyers to attack the Japanese with torpedoes. ''Hoel'' instantly obeyed this order by heading straight for the nearest enemy battleship, [[Japanese battleship Kongō|''Kongō'']], then 18,000 yards (16.5 km) away. When she had closed to 14,000 yards (12.8 km) she opened fire as she continued her race toward the smoking muzzles of ''Kongō's'' 14 inch (356 mm) guns. A hit on her bridge which knocked out all voice radio communication did not deflect her from her course toward the enemy until she had launched a half salvo of torpedoes at a range of 9,000 yards (8.2 km). Although ''Hoel'' torpedoes all failed to strike their target, they caused ''Kongō'' to lose ground in her pursuit of the carriers by forcing her to turn sharply left and to continue to move away from her quarry until they had run their course. Minutes later ''Hoel'' suffered hits which knocked out three of her guns, stopped her port engine, and deprived her of her Mark-37 fire control director, FD radar, and Bridge steering control. Undaunted, ''Hoel'' turned to engage the enemy column of heavy cruisers. When she had closed to within 6,000 yards (5.5 km) of the leading cruiser, [[Japanese cruiser Haguro|''Haguro'']], the fearless destroyer launched a half-salvo of torpedoes which ran "hot, straight and normal." This time she was rewarded by the sight of large columns of water which rose from her target. Although Japanese records deny that these torpedoes hit the cruiser, there is no evidence to indicate any other explanation for the geyser effect observed. |
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''Hoel'' now found herself crippled and surrounded by enemies. ''Kongō'' was only 8,000 yards (7.3 km) off her port beam and the heavy cruiser column was some 7,000 yards (6.4 km) off her port quarter. During the next hour the ship rendered her final service by drawing enemy fire to herself and away from the carriers. In the process of fishtailing and chasing salvos she peppered them with her two remaining guns. Finally at 08:30, after withstanding over 40 hits, an 8 inch (203 mm) shell stilled her remaining engine. With her engine room under water, her No. 1 magazine ablaze, and the ship listing heavily to port and settling by the stern, ''Hoel's'' captain, Commander Leon S. Kintberger, ordered his crew to "prepare to abandon ship." The Japanese fire at the doomed ship continued as her surviving officers and men went over the side and only stopped at 08:55 when ''Hoel'' rolled over and sank in 4,000 |
''Hoel'' now found herself crippled and surrounded by enemies. ''Kongō'' was only 8,000 yards (7.3 km) off her port beam, and the heavy cruiser column was some 7,000 yards (6.4 km) off her port quarter. During the next hour the ship rendered her final service by drawing enemy fire to herself and away from the carriers. In the process of fishtailing and chasing salvos she peppered them with her two remaining guns. Finally at 08:30, after withstanding over 40 hits, an 8 inch (203 mm) shell stilled her remaining engine. With her engine room under water, her No. 1 magazine ablaze, and the ship listing heavily to port and settling by the stern, ''Hoel's'' captain, Commander Leon S. Kintberger, ordered his crew to "prepare to abandon ship." The Japanese fire at the doomed ship continued as her surviving officers and men went over the side and only stopped at 08:55 when ''Hoel'' rolled over and sank in 4,000 fathoms (7300 m). |
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Only 86 of ''Hoel's'' complement survived |
Only 86 of ''Hoel's'' complement survived; 253 officers and men died with their ship. Commander Kintberger described the courageous devotion to duty of the men of the ''Hoel'' in a seaman's epitaph to the action: "Fully cognizant of the inevitable result of engaging such vastly superior forces, these men performed their assigned duties coolly and efficiently until their ship was shot from under them." |
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== Awards == |
== Awards == |
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Revision as of 14:35, 30 January 2009
_underway_in_San_Francisco_Bay,_California_(USA),_7_August_1943_(80-G-65436).jpg)
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| History | |
|---|---|
 US | |
| Namesake | William R. Hoel |
| Builder | Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, San Francisco, California |
| Laid down | 4 June 1942 |
| Launched | 19 December 1942 |
| Commissioned | 19 July 1943 |
| Honours and awards | Presidential Unit Citation, Philippine Presidential Unit Citation, 5 Battle Stars |
| Fate | Sunk 25 October 1944, Battle off Samar |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Fletcher-class destroyer |
| Displacement | 2,050 tons |
| Length | 376 ft 6 in (114.7 m) |
| Beam | 39 ft 8 in (12.1 m) |
| Draft | 17 ft 9 in (5.4 m) |
| Propulsion | 60,000 shp (45 MW); 2 propellers |
| Speed | 35 knots (65 km/h) |
| Range | 6500 nmi. (12,000 km) @ 15 kt |
| Complement | 273 |
| Armament |
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USS Hoel (DD-533) was a World War II-era Fletcher-class destroyer in the service of the United States Navy, named after Lieutenant Commander William R. Hoel.
Hoel was launched 19 December 1942 by the Bethlehem Steel Co., San Francisco, California, sponsored by Mrs. Charles Bunker Crane, Jr., granddaughter of the namesake; and commissioned 29 July 1943, Commander William Dow Thomas, USN, in command.
History
Hoel sailed from San Francisco Bay 16 August 1943 for shakedown training in operating areas out of San Diego during which she made seven depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results. After returning to Mare Island Naval Shipyard 17 September 1943 for final alterations, she cleared San Francisco 26 October 1943 as a part of the screen for a convoy which reached Pearl Harbor 31 October 1943 where Hoel reported to Captain A. O. Cook, Commander of Destroyer Squadron 47 (DesRon 47), who then shifted his flag to her from USS Heermann (DD-532).
Fifth Fleet, which was then preparing to take the Gilbert Islands in Operation Galvanic, assigned Hoel to Admiral Kelly Turner's Northern attack force Task Force 52 (TF 52). She joined USS Morris (DD-417), USS Franks (DD-554), and USS Hughes (DD-410) and USS Revenge (AM-110) in guarding Air Support Group 52.3 composed of the escort carriers USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56), USS Coral Sea (CVE-57), and USS Corregidor (CVE-58).
Hoel sortied from Pearl Harbor with her group 10 November 1943 and guarded her "baby flattops" as their aircraft pounded Makin in a dawn preinvasion attack 20 November 1943. For the next three days, torpedo bombers and fighters from Air Support Group 52.3 supported Major General Ralph C. Smith's 27th Infantry Division as it struggled to take Makin. Thousands of bombs and countless rounds from the guns on these aircraft smashed Japanese troop concentrations, gun emplacements, and shore installations on the beleaguered island. Before dawn 24 November 1943, a torpedo fired by Japanese submarine Japanese submarine I-175 struck Liscome Bay amidships and lookouts on the fantail of Coral Sea spotted the wake of a second torpedo which barely missed their ship. Bluejackets on board Hoel saw smoke and flame rise at least a thousand feet (300 m) when the torpedo ripped into Liscome Bay and detonated her bomb magazine. Rear Admiral Henry M. Mullinnix, commander of the Air Support Group, Captain Irving D. Wiltsie and 642 officers and men died with the carrier that sank some 23 minutes later after spewing smoke, flame and redhot aircraft parts for miles around. The groups destroyers rescued 272 survivors. At dusk the following day, 25 November 1943, Japanese aircraft spotted Rear Admiral Turner's task force steaming a few miles off Butaritari Island and dropped both float and parachute flares on each side of his ships to light them up as targets for 13 torpedo bombers which swooped in to attack. Spirited gunnery and perfectly timed radical simultaneous turns, however, enabled the American vessels to escape without suffering a single hit.
When the escort carriers cleared the area at night 27 November 1943, Hoel joined the screen protecting Abemama Group l which was unloading on Abemama Island. The next morning, Hoel joined Rear Admiral Turner's task force and arrived off Tarawa 1 December 1943 for antisubmarine patrol five miles (8 km) off the lagoon entrance. Two days later she joined the escort for USS Tennessee (BB-43) and a group of transports sailing for Pearl Harbor where they arrived 11 December 1943. Captain A. G. Cook, commander of Destroyer Squadron 47 shifted his flag from Hoel to USS McCord (DD-534) 14 December 1943.
Hoel with fleet units of the 5th Amphibious Force, began intensive training for the invasion of the Marshall Islands. Departed Pearl Harbor 21 January 1944 with the transport screen of Reserve Force, Task Group 51.1 (TG 51.1) which steamed east of Kwajalein while Rear Admiral Turner's Joint Expeditionary Force landed on that atoll 31 January 1944. Hoel escorted the group's transports into Kwajalein Lagoon 2 February 1944, and the following day took station as a radar picket patrol ship south of Kwajalein where she was on call for gunfire support. On 6 February 1944, she accompanied USS Miller (DD-535) on a tour of inspection in the Roi-Namur area for Admiral Chester Nimitz.
When Task Forces 51 and 53 dissolved and their ships reverted to Task Force 51, Hoel was assigned to Fire Support Section 3, Task Unit 51.17.3 (TU 51.17.3) of the Eniwetok Expeditionary Group. In the early morning darkness of 17 February 1944, Hoel reentered Eniwetok Lagoon with USS Portland (CA-33) to bombard Parry and Japtan Islands. Hoel picked up several aviators from a wrecked scout aircraft from USS Indianapolis (CA-35) and returned them to their ship. That afternoon Hoel's guns destroyed several small craft on the beach of Parry Island and fired on pillboxes and troop concentrations inland. She then anchored in standby position while the rest of the force bombarded the two islands. The next day, Hoel took her turn at providing harassing fire and at night illuminated the beaches and the reef to prevent enemy troop movements. Just before daybreak 19 February 1944, she took station off Eniwetok for close fire support of the initial landings. When relieved by USS Phelps (DD-360) on 21 February 1944, Hoel steamed to a position off the deep entrance to Eniwetok Lagoon for patrol duty which continued until 26 February 1944, when she embarked a fighter director team from USS Hazelwood (DD-531) and assumed duties of standby fighter director for the Eniwetok area. On 4 March 1944, 2 days later after the attack and occupation phase of Eniwetok was completed, the fighter-director team was transferred to USS Cambria (APA-36), freeing Hoel to depart for Majuro for repairs.
Hoel, in company with three other destroyers of DesRon 47 reported to Commander 3d Fleet at Purvis Bay, Florida Island, 18 March 1944. The next day she cleared that Port to join Task Force 39, but 20 March 1944 she was ordered to change course for Emirau Island which was then being occupied by marines. On 25 March 1944, USS Trathen (DD-530) and USS Johnston (DD-557) joined Hoel and the rest of DesRon 47 uniting the squadron for the first time.
Hoel then patrolled south and east of Cape Botiangen, New Hanover Island, where her guns destroyed an enemy warehouse 26 March 1944, and, the next day, captured documents which contained valuable information from a 4 foot (1.2 m) outrigger canoe. That night she made four depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results. She returned to Purvis Bay 8 April 1944 to screen a convoy carrying troops and supplies to Emirau Island.
Upon her return to Purvis Bay 14 April 1944, Hoel reported for duty to Rear Admiral R. W. Hayler, the commander of Cruiser Division 12 who kept her busy with training exercises and convoy duty until 14 August 1944, when she was assigned to the 3d Amphibious Force then preparing for the invasion of the Palaus. She joined USS Kitkun Bay (CVE-71) at Espiritu Santo 24 August 1944, for passage to Purvis Bay. On 8 September 1944 they put to sea for the Palau Islands with Rear Admiral W. D. Sample's escort carrier task force unit to provide air support during the invasion of Peleliu. While continuing to screen the escort carriers, she rescued a pilot and passenger from an aircraft that had gone into the sea on attempting to take off from USS Ommaney Bay (CVE-79) and transferred them to Marcus Island. On 1 October 1944, Hoel made three depth charge runs on an underwater sound contact with unknown results.
Taffy 3
After replenishing at Seeadler Harbor of Manus, Admiralty Islands, Hoel cleared that base with a fire support group 12 October 1944 to join Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague's escort carrier group (Task Group 77.4) in invading the Philippines. Sprague's force was composed of three units, each comprising a group of escort carriers and a screen of destroyers and destroyer escorts. These units, known by their radio calls as the "Three Taffys", began operating off Samar 18 October 1944 to cover the landings on Leyte. Hoel was attached to "Taffy 3" (Escort Carrier Task Unit 77.4.3) commanded by Rear Admiral Clifton A. F. Sprague and comprising four escort carriers guarded by destroyers Hoel, Heermann, and Johnston, Before the Battle off Samar, "Taffy 3" was reinforced by the arrival of Admiral Ralph A. Ofstie with two more escort carriers and USS Dennis (DE-405), USS John C. Butler (DE-339), USS Raymond (DE-341), and USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413).
Dawn of 25 October 1944 found "Taffy 3" steaming northeast of Samar operating as the Northern Air Support Group. "Taffy 2" was in the central position patrolling off the entrance to Leyte Gulf, and "Taffy 1" covered the southern approaches to the Gulf some 150 miles (240 km) to the southeast of Hoel's "Taffy 3". Rear Admiral Clifton A. F. Sprague was under the erroneous impression that Admiral William Halsey's 3d Fleet was providing protection to the north and so was taken by surprise when at 06:45 'Taffy 3's" lookouts observed anti-aircraft fire to the northward and within 3 minutes were under heavy fire from Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita's powerful Center Force of 4 battleships, 6 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, and 11 destroyers.
The only chance for survival of the little group of American "Jeep" carriers and "tin cans" lay in fleeing to the south hoping that aid would arrive before their complete destruction. While the carriers launched all available aircraft to attack their numerous Japanese adversaries and then formed a rough circle as they turned toward Leyte Gulf, Hoel and her fellow destroyers Johnston and Heermann, worked feverishly to lay down a smoke screen to hide their "baby flattops" from the overwhelmingly superior enemy ships. At 07:06, when a providential rain squall helped to hide his carriers, Admiral Clifton Sprague boldly ordered his destroyers to attack the Japanese with torpedoes. Hoel instantly obeyed this order by heading straight for the nearest enemy battleship, Kongō, then 18,000 yards (16.5 km) away. When she had closed to 14,000 yards (12.8 km) she opened fire as she continued her race toward the smoking muzzles of Kongō's 14 inch (356 mm) guns. A hit on her bridge which knocked out all voice radio communication did not deflect her from her course toward the enemy until she had launched a half salvo of torpedoes at a range of 9,000 yards (8.2 km). Although Hoel torpedoes all failed to strike their target, they caused Kongō to lose ground in her pursuit of the carriers by forcing her to turn sharply left and to continue to move away from her quarry until they had run their course. Minutes later Hoel suffered hits which knocked out three of her guns, stopped her port engine, and deprived her of her Mark-37 fire control director, FD radar, and Bridge steering control. Undaunted, Hoel turned to engage the enemy column of heavy cruisers. When she had closed to within 6,000 yards (5.5 km) of the leading cruiser, Haguro, the fearless destroyer launched a half-salvo of torpedoes which ran "hot, straight and normal." This time she was rewarded by the sight of large columns of water which rose from her target. Although Japanese records deny that these torpedoes hit the cruiser, there is no evidence to indicate any other explanation for the geyser effect observed.
Hoel now found herself crippled and surrounded by enemies. Kongō was only 8,000 yards (7.3 km) off her port beam, and the heavy cruiser column was some 7,000 yards (6.4 km) off her port quarter. During the next hour the ship rendered her final service by drawing enemy fire to herself and away from the carriers. In the process of fishtailing and chasing salvos she peppered them with her two remaining guns. Finally at 08:30, after withstanding over 40 hits, an 8 inch (203 mm) shell stilled her remaining engine. With her engine room under water, her No. 1 magazine ablaze, and the ship listing heavily to port and settling by the stern, Hoel's captain, Commander Leon S. Kintberger, ordered his crew to "prepare to abandon ship." The Japanese fire at the doomed ship continued as her surviving officers and men went over the side and only stopped at 08:55 when Hoel rolled over and sank in 4,000 fathoms (7300 m).
Only 86 of Hoel's complement survived; 253 officers and men died with their ship. Commander Kintberger described the courageous devotion to duty of the men of the Hoel in a seaman's epitaph to the action: "Fully cognizant of the inevitable result of engaging such vastly superior forces, these men performed their assigned duties coolly and efficiently until their ship was shot from under them."
Awards
In addition to the United States Presidential Unit Citation, Hoel received the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation and five battle stars for World War II service.
References
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
External links
- USS Hoel-Naval Historical Center
- The Battle Off Samar - Taffy III at Leyte Gulf website by Robert Jon Cox
- NavSource.org DD-533
