Anzac-class frigate: Difference between revisions
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|Ship complement=approximately 170 |
|Ship complement=approximately 170 |
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|Ship sensors='''Sonars''': Thomson Sintra Spherion B Mod 5; hull-mounted; active search and attack; medium frequency. Provision for [[Towed array sonar|towed array]]<br>'''Air search radar''': Raytheon AN/SPS-49(V)8 ANZ (C/D-band)<br>'''Surface search radar''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 TIR (Ericsson Tx/Rx) (G-band)<br>'''Navigation''': Atlas Elektronik 9600 ARPA (I-band) |
|Ship sensors='''Sonars''': Thomson Sintra Spherion B Mod 5; hull-mounted; active search and attack; medium frequency. Provision for [[Towed array sonar|towed array]]<br>'''Air search radar''': Raytheon AN/SPS-49(V)8 ANZ (C/D-band)<br>'''Surface search radar''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 TIR (Ericsson Tx/Rx) (G-band)<br>'''Navigation''': Atlas Elektronik 9600 ARPA (I-band)<br>'''Inertial Navigation''': Dual Sperry Marine MK49 Ring Laser Gyro Ship's Inertial Navigation Systems and ship's Data Distribution System (DDS) |
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|Ship EW='''ESM''': Racal modified Sceptre A (radar intercept), Telefunken PST-1720 Telegon 10 (comms intercept)<br>'''Countermeasures''': Decoys: G & D Aircraft SRBOC Mk 36 Mod 1 decoy launchers for SRBOC |
|Ship EW='''ESM''': Racal modified Sceptre A (radar intercept), Telefunken PST-1720 Telegon 10 (comms intercept)<br>'''Countermeasures''': Decoys: G & D Aircraft SRBOC Mk 36 Mod 1 decoy launchers for SRBOC |
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|Ship armament='''Guns and missiles''': 1 × 5 in/54 (127 mm) [[5"/54 caliber Mark 45 gun|Mk 45 Mod 2 gun]], various machine guns and small arms, Mk 41 Mod 5 VLS for [[AIM-7 Sparrow|Sea Sparrow]] and [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile|Evolved Sea Sparrow]], 2x4 [[Boeing Harpoon|Harpoon SSM]] (being fitted) <br>'''Torpedoes''': 2 × triple 324 mm Mk 32 Mod 5 tubes<br>'''Fire control''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 (J-band)<br>'''Combat data systems''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 Mk 3.Link 11<br>'''Weapons control''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 optronic director with Raytheon CW Mk 73 Mod 1 |
|Ship armament='''Guns and missiles''': 1 × 5 in/54 (127 mm) [[5"/54 caliber Mark 45 gun|Mk 45 Mod 2 gun]], various machine guns and small arms, Mk 41 Mod 5 VLS for [[AIM-7 Sparrow|Sea Sparrow]] and [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile|Evolved Sea Sparrow]], 2x4 [[Boeing Harpoon|Harpoon SSM]] (being fitted) <br>'''Torpedoes''': 2 × triple 324 mm Mk 32 Mod 5 tubes<br>'''Fire control''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 (J-band)<br>'''Combat data systems''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 Mk 3.Link 11<br>'''Weapons control''': CelsiusTech 9LV 453 optronic director with Raytheon CW Mk 73 Mod 1 |
Revision as of 20:53, 29 June 2009
HMNZS Te-Mana in 2008
| |
Class overview | |
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Builders | Tenix Defence Systems |
Operators | list error: <br /> list (help) Royal Australian Navy Royal New Zealand Navy |
Preceded by | River class |
Built | 5 November 1993–20 March 2004 |
In service | 18 May 1996–Present |
In commission | 18 May 1996–Present |
Planned | 10 |
Completed | 10 |
Active | 10 |
Lost | 0 |
Retired | 0 |
General characteristics | |
Type | Frigate |
Displacement | 3,600 tons |
Length | 118 metres (387 ft) |
Beam | 14.8 metres (49 ft) |
Draught | 4 metres (13 ft) |
Propulsion | 1 × General Electric LM2500+ gas turbine and 2 × MTU 12V1163 TB83 diesel engines, driving two shafts with controllable pitch propellers in CODOG configuration. |
Speed | 27 knots (50 km/h) |
Range | 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km) at 18 knots (33 km/h) |
Complement | approximately 170 |
Sensors and processing systems | list error: <br /> list (help) Sonars: Thomson Sintra Spherion B Mod 5; hull-mounted; active search and attack; medium frequency. Provision for towed array Air search radar: Raytheon AN/SPS-49(V)8 ANZ (C/D-band) Surface search radar: CelsiusTech 9LV 453 TIR (Ericsson Tx/Rx) (G-band) Navigation: Atlas Elektronik 9600 ARPA (I-band) Inertial Navigation: Dual Sperry Marine MK49 Ring Laser Gyro Ship's Inertial Navigation Systems and ship's Data Distribution System (DDS) |
Electronic warfare & decoys | list error: <br /> list (help) ESM: Racal modified Sceptre A (radar intercept), Telefunken PST-1720 Telegon 10 (comms intercept) Countermeasures: Decoys: G & D Aircraft SRBOC Mk 36 Mod 1 decoy launchers for SRBOC |
Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) Guns and missiles: 1 × 5 in/54 (127 mm) Mk 45 Mod 2 gun, various machine guns and small arms, Mk 41 Mod 5 VLS for Sea Sparrow and Evolved Sea Sparrow, 2x4 Harpoon SSM (being fitted) Torpedoes: 2 × triple 324 mm Mk 32 Mod 5 tubes Fire control: CelsiusTech 9LV 453 (J-band) Combat data systems: CelsiusTech 9LV 453 Mk 3.Link 11 Weapons control: CelsiusTech 9LV 453 optronic director with Raytheon CW Mk 73 Mod 1 |
Aircraft carried | 1 SH-2G Super Seasprite or S-70B-2 Seahawk |
The ten Anzac class frigates (also referred to as ANZAC class frigates) are the major surface units of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN).[1] They were based on a modified German MEKO type 200 design.[1] Eight ships serve in the RAN and are numbered FFH 150 - FFH 157. The two RNZN ships are F77 and F111.
Design and construction
The Anzac class originated from the RAN's New Surface Combatant (NSC) project, which began in the mid 1980s.[2] By 1985, various design briefs ranging from 1,200 to 5,000 tonnes displacement were under consideration, with the RAN emphasising anti-ship missile defence, damage control, and ship survivability based on Royal Navy experiences during the Falklands War.[2] Eventually, the project settled on a ship of approximately 3,600 tonnes dispacement.[3] By this time, it was also believed that Australia did not have the capability to design a major warship from scratch, so the decision was made to select a proven foreign design and fit it with an Australian-developed combat system.[2]
In early 1986, a review of policy regarding surface combatants saw the NSC classified into the middle of three tiers: a patrol frigate designed to operate in Australia's Economic Exclusion Zone.[2] Proposals were requested by the project at the end of 1986, and 19 submissions were made, twelve of which included ship designs.[2] At the same time, New Zealand was seeking four ships of similar capabilities for the RNZN, and had previously expressed interest in establishing a common, general-purpose ship class with Australia.[3] In March 1987, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed by the two nations and RNZN representatives were invited to collaboate on the project.[3] To recognise this, the project was renamed the Anzac Ship Project, taking the name from the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps of World War I.[3]
By August 1987, a cost ceiling of A$3.5 billion (1986 terms) was established, and the submitted proposals had been narrowed down to a modified version of the German MEKO 200 multipurpose frigate, the Netherlands' M class (later Karel Doorman class) frigate, and a scaled-down version of the British Type 23 frigate.[3] The Type 23 proposal was eliminated in November 1987, with the other two going into a development phase.[3] Although both the MEKO 200 and M class designs met the design requirements, the MEKO 200 design was selected, as more ships could be purchased for the budget cost.[3]
On 14 August 1989, it was announced that AMECON and their modified MEKO 200 had been awarded the tender for the Anzac class.[3] The frigates were to be constructed at the AMECON shipyard in Williamstown, Victoria, but the modular design of the frigate allowed sections of the ships to be constructed throughout Australia and New Zealand, with final assembly in Williamstown.[3]
Australian improvements
Originally introduced into service with a minimum standard of offensive and defensive systems, upgrades to the Australian Anzacs were planned even before all ships were completed.[4] In 2004 Tenix, Saab, and the Australian Defence Department formed a Private Public Partnership to upgrade the anti-ship missile defence capability of the Anzac class. This upgrade will include Sagem Vampir NG IRST (Infra-red search and track) capability, Saab Combat Management System upgrade, and CEA Technologies PAR 3D E/F band, fixed active phased array radar and illuminator.[citation needed] A new main mast will be constructed to incorporate the CEA-FAR and CEA-MOUNT systems, and maintain the existing 2D radar and electronic surveillance capabilities.[citation needed]
The upgraded configuration also includes: RGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles fitted in two quad launchers, Evolved Sea Sparrow Missiles quad-packed in VLS enabling 32 missiles to be carried, four Nulka active missile decoy bays and the Petrel Mine and Obstacle Avoidance Sonar system.[4] A CEA SSCWI was also fitted for control of the ESSM missile in upgraded RAN units.[citation needed] For a number of reasons related to operational considerations and the electronic environment, the Harpoon installation was relocated from its reserved space and weight position on 02 Deck to a position on 01 Deck forward of the bridge.[citation needed] All upgrades and new builds are scheduled for completion by 2006.[citation needed]
An upward creep in ship manning led the RAN to undertake a habitability upgrade study. Additionally, restructuring the Marine Engineering Department has resulted in a change in the rank / billet structure, creating a need to re-work some habitation areas.[citation needed] Habitability upgrades are intended to provide added flexibility for additional training bunks, force protection personnel, special operations personnel and mixed genders onboard the ships, by increasing the ships berthing by 11 from 174 to 185 berths.[citation needed] The additional berths have a ranking mix of two officers, two Chief Petty officers, two Petty officers, and five sailors.[citation needed] Arunta has completed her upgrade and remaining units will follow.[citation needed]
New Zealand improvements
A Phalanx CIWS was fitted to the two RNZN units.[citation needed] An ESSM is to be fitted from 2008.[citation needed]
New Zealand controversy
In the 1980s, the Anzac frigate project became a focus for the wider anti-ANZUS, non-alignment protest movement.[citation needed] New Zealand originally planned to purchase four ships, but domestic political pressure on the government of David Lange eventually forced the government to settle for two ships, plus a contract option for a further two ships at a later date.[citation needed]
The Fourth National Government of New Zealand did not exercise the contract option to purchase any additional ships, despite defence minister Max Bradford's recommendation to purchase a third ship in 1998.[citation needed] The decision was a result of Winston Peters unexpectedly voting against the decision to buy the extra ship in Cabinet as he feared it would cost his party, New Zealand First, popular support.[citation needed] To upgrade the Navy's fleet capabilities the Project Protector programme was instigated, with the construction of two offshore patrol vessels freeing Te Kaha and Te Mana for other duties.
Units
Name | Pennant | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Service | Home port |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HMAS Anzac (FFH 150) [1] | FFH 150 | 5 November 1993 | 16 September 1994 | 18 May 1996 | RAN | Fleet Base West |
HMNZS Te Kaha (F77) | F77 | 19 September 1994 | 22 July 1995 | 26 July 1997 | RNZN | Devonport |
HMAS Arunta (FFH 151) [2] | FFH 151 | 22 July 1995 | 28 June 1996 | 12 December 1998 | RAN | Fleet Base West |
HMNZS Te Mana (F111) | F111 | 28 June 1996 | 10 May 1997 | 10 December 1999 | RNZN | Devonport |
HMAS Warramunga (FFH 152) [3] | FFH 152 | 26 July 1997 | 23 May 1998 | 28 March 2001 | RAN | Fleet Base West |
HMAS Stuart (FFH 153) [4] | FFH 153 | 25 July 1998 | 17 April 1999 | 17 August 2002 | RAN | Fleet Base East |
HMAS Parramatta (FFH 154) [5] | FFH 154 | 4 June 1999 | 17 June 2000 | 4 October 2003 | RAN | Fleet Base East |
HMAS Ballarat (FFH 155) [6] | FFH 155 | 4 August 2000 | 25 May 2002 | 26 June 2004 | RAN | Fleet Base East |
HMAS Toowoomba (FFH 156) [7] | FFH 156 | 26 July 2002 | 16 May 2003 | 8 October 2005 | RAN | Fleet Base West |
HMAS Perth (FFH 157) [8] | FFH 157 | 24 July 2003 | 20 March 2004 | 26 August 2006 | RAN | Fleet Base West |
Citations
References
- Dennis, Peter (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (Second ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand. ISBN 9780195517842.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - Jones, Peter (2001). "A Period of Change and Uncertainty". In Stevens, David (ed.). The Royal Australian Navy. The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195555422. OCLC 50418095.