HMS Formidable (67): Difference between revisions
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Flight deck was 3" armoured steel not just steel - links |
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[[Image:Flightdeck of HMS Formidable.jpg|250px|left|thumb|A [[F4F Wildcat|Grumman Martlet]] of 888 Squadron, Fleet Air Arm, on the flight-deck of HMS Formidable]] |
[[Image:Flightdeck of HMS Formidable.jpg|250px|left|thumb|A [[F4F Wildcat|Grumman Martlet]] of 888 Squadron, Fleet Air Arm, on the flight-deck of HMS Formidable]] |
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During 1945, she saw service against [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces with the [[1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Royal Navy)|1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron]] of the [[British Pacific Fleet]], and survived several [[kamikaze]] attacks while supporting the [[Battle of Okinawa|landings on Okinawa]]. On May 4, Just after 11.30 a.m. a Japanese plane made a steep dive from "a great height" at ''Formidable'' and was engaged by AA guns. The kamikaze was hit at close range, but crashed into the flight deck, making a massive dent about 10 feet (3 m) long, two feet (0.6 m) wide and two feet deep in the armoured flight deck. A large steel splinter speared down through the hangar deck and the centre boiler-room, where it ruptured a steam line, and came to rest in a fuel tank, starting a major fire in the aircraft park. Eight crew members were killed and forty-seven were wounded. However, the steel flight deck of ''Formidable'', (and many other British carriers) prevented further damage by Kamikaze attacks. (American carriers had wood-surfaced flight decks, while British carriers had steel ones). One Corsair and ten [[Grumman Avenger]]s were destroyed. However, the fires were gradually brought under control and the crater in the deck was repaired with concrete and steel plate. By 5 p.m., Corsairs were again able to land on ''Formidable''. A further Kamikaze hit Formidable's flight deck on 9 May 1945, but the level of damage was nowhere near as serious as the attack that had occurred 4 days previously. |
During 1945, she saw service against [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] forces with the [[1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Royal Navy)|1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron]] of the [[British Pacific Fleet]], and survived several [[kamikaze]] attacks while supporting the [[Battle of Okinawa|landings on Okinawa]]. On May 4, Just after 11.30 a.m. a Japanese plane made a steep dive from "a great height" at ''Formidable'' and was engaged by AA guns. The kamikaze was hit at close range, but crashed into the flight deck, making a massive dent about 10 feet (3 m) long, two feet (0.6 m) wide and two feet deep in the armoured flight deck. A large steel splinter speared down through the hangar deck and the centre boiler-room, where it ruptured a steam line, and came to rest in a fuel tank, starting a major fire in the aircraft park. Eight crew members were killed and forty-seven were wounded. However, the steel flight deck of ''Formidable'', (and many other British carriers) prevented further damage by Kamikaze attacks. (American carriers had wood-surfaced flight decks, while British carriers had 3" armoured steel ones). One Corsair and ten [[Grumman Avenger]]s were destroyed. However, the fires were gradually brought under control and the crater in the deck was repaired with concrete and steel plate. By 5 p.m., Corsairs were again able to land on ''Formidable''. A further Kamikaze hit ''Formidable'''s flight deck on 9 May 1945, but the level of damage was nowhere near as serious as the attack that had occurred 4 days previously. |
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The accumulation of damage through the war took its toll on the ship. The bomb damage received in the Mediterranean had left her permanently maimed, and the Royal Navy's postwar fleet review revealed that she was beyond economical repair. She was placed in reserve in 1947 and 'Old Formy' never saw active service again. |
The accumulation of damage through the war took its toll on the ship. The bomb damage received in the Mediterranean had left her permanently maimed, and the Royal Navy's postwar fleet review revealed that she was beyond economical repair. She was placed in reserve in 1947 and 'Old Formy' never saw active service again. |
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==Aircraft== |
==Aircraft== |
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*January, 1941: 33 aircraft - Fulmar and |
*January, 1941: 33 aircraft - [[Fairey Fulmar|Fulmar]] and [[Fairey Albacore|Albacore]]s |
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*July, 1943: Martlets, Seafires, and Albacores |
*July, 1943: [[F4F Wildcat|Martlets]], [[Supermarine Seafire|Seafires]], and Albacores |
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*July, 1944: 40 aircraft - 16 Corsairs, 24 Barracudas |
*July, 1944: 40 aircraft - 16 [[F4U Corsair|Corsairs]], 24 [[Fairey Barracuda|Barracudas]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 12:57, 6 December 2009
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2008) |
| HMS Formidable HMS Formidable, circa 1944
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Formidable (67) |
| Operator | Royal Navy |
| Builder | Harland & Wolff, Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Laid down | 17 June 1937 |
| Launched | 17 August 1939 |
| Commissioned | 24 November 1940 |
| Decommissioned | 1947 |
| Stricken | 1953 |
| Nickname(s) | The ship which launched itself. |
| Fate | Scrapped 1956 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Illustrious class carrier |
| Displacement | 28,661 tons full load |
| Length | 743.75 ft (226.70 m) |
| Beam | 95 ft (29 m) |
| Draught | 28 ft (8.5 m) |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 6 × Admiralty 3-drum boilers Pearsons geared turbines producing 110,000 shp (82 MW) driving three shafts |
| Speed | 30.5 knots (56 km/h) |
| Range | 11,000 nautical miles (20,000 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h) |
| Complement | 1,200 |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) 8 × QF 4.5 inch (113 mm) Mk III guns 48 × 2 pdr (1.5 inch) guns |
| Aircraft carried | list error: <br /> list (help) 1940: 36 Fulmar and Swordfish 1943: Martlets, Seafires, and Albacores 1945: 54 Corsair and Avenger |
HMS Formidable was an Illustrious class aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy during World War II. She was constructed by Harland & Wolff, Belfast, where she was to "Launch herself" half an hour before she was supposed to be and was commissioned on 24 November 1940.
Formidable took part in the Battle of Cape Matapan on 27 March-29, 1941. On 26 May 1941, she received serious damage while transporting aircraft to Malta, being hit by two 1000 kilogram bombs that put her out of action for six months. After repairs at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, in the United States, she re-equipped with Vought Corsair and Hellcat fighters.
In 1942, she travelled across the Pacific and served briefly in the Indian Ocean, returning to the Mediterranean in October. Formidable then provided air support for the North African campaign and Italian campaign (1943), including The Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky), before taking part in an Arctic convoy. On November 17 aircraft from HMS Formidable attacked U-Boat U-331 (the U-Boat that sank HMS Barham) and sank her.
On 17 July 1944, Swordfish aircraft from Formidable were involved in Operation Mascot, an attack on the Tirpitz in Norway. She took part in further attacks on Tirpitz in August, as part of Operation Goodwood.
During 1945, she saw service against Japanese forces with the 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron of the British Pacific Fleet, and survived several kamikaze attacks while supporting the landings on Okinawa. On May 4, Just after 11.30 a.m. a Japanese plane made a steep dive from "a great height" at Formidable and was engaged by AA guns. The kamikaze was hit at close range, but crashed into the flight deck, making a massive dent about 10 feet (3 m) long, two feet (0.6 m) wide and two feet deep in the armoured flight deck. A large steel splinter speared down through the hangar deck and the centre boiler-room, where it ruptured a steam line, and came to rest in a fuel tank, starting a major fire in the aircraft park. Eight crew members were killed and forty-seven were wounded. However, the steel flight deck of Formidable, (and many other British carriers) prevented further damage by Kamikaze attacks. (American carriers had wood-surfaced flight decks, while British carriers had 3" armoured steel ones). One Corsair and ten Grumman Avengers were destroyed. However, the fires were gradually brought under control and the crater in the deck was repaired with concrete and steel plate. By 5 p.m., Corsairs were again able to land on Formidable. A further Kamikaze hit Formidable's flight deck on 9 May 1945, but the level of damage was nowhere near as serious as the attack that had occurred 4 days previously.
The accumulation of damage through the war took its toll on the ship. The bomb damage received in the Mediterranean had left her permanently maimed, and the Royal Navy's postwar fleet review revealed that she was beyond economical repair. She was placed in reserve in 1947 and 'Old Formy' never saw active service again.
She was scrapped from November 1956.
Battle Honours
- Matapan 1941
- Crete 1941
- Mediterranean 1941
- Indian Ocean early 1942
- North Africa 1942-3
- Sicily 1943
- Salerno 1943
- Okinawa 1945
- Japan 1945
Aircraft
- January, 1941: 33 aircraft - Fulmar and Albacores
- July, 1943: Martlets, Seafires, and Albacores
- July, 1944: 40 aircraft - 16 Corsairs, 24 Barracudas
References
- Roger Chesneau, Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present. An Illustrated Encyclopedia (A&AP, 1999) ISBN 1-86019-875-9
External links