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== The first experiment ==
== The first experiment ==


For the first time Kirschner's group<ref>http://www.mpi-halle.de/~wme1/</ref> in Max-Planck institute of Microstructure Physics<ref>http://www/mpi-halle.de</ref> showed that the signature of the large wave vector [[spin waves]] can be detected by spin polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy (SPEELS).<ref> M. Plihal, D. L. Mills, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. '''82''', 2579 (1999).</ref><ref>H. Ibach, D. Bruchmann, R. Vollmer, M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, and J. Kirschner, Rev. Sci. Instrum. '''74''' 4089 (2003). </ref> Later, with a better momentum resolution, the [[spin wave]] dispersion was fully measured in 8 ML fcc Co film on Cu(001)<ref>R. Vollmer, M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, H. Ibach, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. '''91''', 147201 (2003).</ref> and 8 ML hcp Co on W(110),<ref>M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, W.X. Tang, Y. Zhang, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B '''72''', 184420 (2005).</ref> respectively. Those spin waves were obtained up to the surface [[Brillouin zone]] (SBZ) at the energy range about few hundreds of meV.
For the first time Kirschner's group<ref>http://www.mpi-halle.de/~wme1/</ref> in Max-Planck institute of Microstructure Physics<ref>http://www/mpi-halle.de</ref> showed that the signature of the large wave vector [[spin waves]] can be detected by spin polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy (SPEELS).<ref> M. Plihal, D. L. Mills, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. '''82''', 2579 (1999).</ref><ref>H. Ibach, D. Bruchmann, R. Vollmer, M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, and J. Kirschner, Rev. Sci. Instrum. '''74''' 4089 (2003). </ref> Later, with a better momentum resolution, the [[spin wave]] dispersion was fully measured in 8 ML fcc Co film on Cu(001)<ref>R. Vollmer, M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, H. Ibach, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. '''91''', 147201 (2003).</ref> and 8 ML hcp Co on W(110),<ref>M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, W.X. Tang, Y. Zhang, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B '''72''', 184420 (2005).</ref> respectively. Those spin waves were obtained up to the surface [[Brillouin zone]] (SBZ) at the energy range about few hundreds of meV. Another recent example is the investigation of 1 and 2 [[monolayer]] Fe films grown on W(110) and measured at 120 K and 300 K, respectively <ref>W. X. Tang, Y. Zhang, I. Tudosa, J. Prokop, M. Etzkorn, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. '''99''', 087202 (2007).</ref> <ref>J. Prokop, W. X. Tang, Y. Zhang, I. Tudosa, T. R. F. Peixoto, Kh. Zakeri, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. '''102''', 177206 (2009).</ref>.


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 12:35, 18 December 2009

Spin polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy or SPEELS is a materials characterization technique used to measure the properties of spin waves through all depths of the Brillouin zone.[1][2][3] Other techniques to measure magnons in magnetic thin films include ferromagnetic resonance or FMR and Brillouin light scattering or BLS which both measure magnons only in the center of the Brillouin zone, and neutron scattering. These techniques are all limited to particular areas of the lattice for measurements, while SPEELS allows the characterization of spin waves throughout the Brillouin zone.[3] SPEELS is also the characterization method of choice for surface spin waves and spin waves in ultra thin films.[3]

Spin waves are collective perturbations in magnetic solids. Their properties depend on their wavelength (or wave vector). For long wavelength (short wave vector) spin wave the resulting spin precession has a very low frequency and the spin waves can be treated classically. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering (BLS) experiments provide information about the long wavelength spin waves in ultrathin magnetic films and nanostructures. If the wavelength is comparable to the lattice constant, the spin waves are governed by the microscopic exchange coupling and a quantum mechanical description is needed. Therefore, experimental information on these short wavelength (large wave vector) spin waves in ultrathin films is highly desired and may lead to fundamentally new insights into the spin dynamics in reduced dimensions in the future.[3]

Up to now, the spin polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy, SPEELS, is the only technique which can be used to measure the dispersion of such short wavelength spin waves in ultrathin films and nanostructures.[3]

The first experiment

For the first time Kirschner's group[4] in Max-Planck institute of Microstructure Physics[5] showed that the signature of the large wave vector spin waves can be detected by spin polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy (SPEELS).[6][7] Later, with a better momentum resolution, the spin wave dispersion was fully measured in 8 ML fcc Co film on Cu(001)[8] and 8 ML hcp Co on W(110),[9] respectively. Those spin waves were obtained up to the surface Brillouin zone (SBZ) at the energy range about few hundreds of meV. Another recent example is the investigation of 1 and 2 monolayer Fe films grown on W(110) and measured at 120 K and 300 K, respectively [10] [11].

References

  1. ^ Pradeep, T. (2007). Nano : the essentials : understanding nanoscience and nanotechnology. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780071548298. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ Fromme, Bärbel (2001). d-d excitations in transition-medal oxides: a spin-polarized electron energy-loss spectroscopy (SPEELS) study. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-41051-1.
  3. ^ a b c d e Mamica, S. (2008). "Spin-wave theory of spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy (SPEELS) measurements in 5 ML Fe film deposited on W(110)". Materials Science-Poland. 26 (4): 989–993. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ http://www.mpi-halle.de/~wme1/
  5. ^ http://www/mpi-halle.de
  6. ^ M. Plihal, D. L. Mills, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2579 (1999).
  7. ^ H. Ibach, D. Bruchmann, R. Vollmer, M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, and J. Kirschner, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 4089 (2003).
  8. ^ R. Vollmer, M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, H. Ibach, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 147201 (2003).
  9. ^ M. Etzkorn, P. S. Anil Kumar, W.X. Tang, Y. Zhang, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B 72, 184420 (2005).
  10. ^ W. X. Tang, Y. Zhang, I. Tudosa, J. Prokop, M. Etzkorn, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 087202 (2007).
  11. ^ J. Prokop, W. X. Tang, Y. Zhang, I. Tudosa, T. R. F. Peixoto, Kh. Zakeri, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 177206 (2009).
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