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Coordinates: 18°27′05″N 72°26′43″W / 18.4514°N 72.4452°W / 18.4514; -72.4452
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As many hospitals collapsed, as of Jan 13, only the Argentine military field hospital remained open in Port-au-Prince and was struggling to attend on the huge numbers of injured. [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] (Doctors Without Borders) reported that at least two hospitals were still in good shape, and their doctors would begin treating about 500 people who need emergency surgery. <ref>http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/only-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quake-hit-capital/story-e6frfku0-1225819044634</ref><ref>http://www.freep.com/article/20100114/NEWS07/1140423/1001/news/Haiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos</ref> Bodies of the victims were piled on the streets. Heavy equipment was needed to dig through the ruins. Many people were still trapped in collapsed buildings.<ref>http://www.timeslive.co.za/news/article260186.ece</ref><ref>http://www.timeslive.co.za/news/world/article260015.ece</ref> In Petionville, people used sledgehammers and their hands to dig through a collapsed commercial center.<ref>http://www.freep.com/article/20100114/NEWS07/1140423/1001/news/Haiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos</ref>
As many hospitals collapsed, as of Jan 13, only the Argentine military field hospital remained open in Port-au-Prince and was struggling to attend on the huge numbers of injured. [[Médecins Sans Frontières]] (Doctors Without Borders) reported that at least two hospitals were still in good shape, and their doctors would begin treating about 500 people who need emergency surgery. <ref>http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/only-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quake-hit-capital/story-e6frfku0-1225819044634</ref><ref>http://www.freep.com/article/20100114/NEWS07/1140423/1001/news/Haiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos</ref> Bodies of the victims were piled on the streets. Heavy equipment was needed to dig through the ruins. Many people were still trapped in collapsed buildings.<ref>http://www.timeslive.co.za/news/article260186.ece</ref><ref>http://www.timeslive.co.za/news/world/article260015.ece</ref> In Petionville, people used sledgehammers and their hands to dig through a collapsed commercial center.<ref>http://www.freep.com/article/20100114/NEWS07/1140423/1001/news/Haiti-survivors-wait-in-chaos</ref>


Some rescue teams arrived in Haiti and started their misson.<ref>Digital News Report [http://www.digitalnewsreport.com/2010/01/13-aid-groups-arrive-in-haiti/2242]</ref> However, the scale of rescue and relief efforts was yet to meet the need.<ref>Canadian Press [http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jZL404ljNy1p1BzQ8njvwDuGfEoA] at [[Google.com]]</ref>
Some rescue teams arrived in Haiti and started their misson.<ref>Digital News Report [http://www.digitalnewsreport.com/2010/01/13-aid-groups-arrive-in-haiti/2242]</ref> However, the scale of rescue and relief efforts was yet to meet the need.<ref>Canadian Press [http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5jZL404ljNy1p1BzQ8njvwDuGfEoA] at [[Google.com]]</ref><br />

The [[United States Coast Guard]] deployed helicopters to perform reconnaissance flights over Haiti Wednesday morning, January 13th. This reconnaissance aided in assessing where the damage was concentrated from the earthquake in the region of Port-au-Prince.<ref>http://voices.washingtonpost.com/federal-eye/2010/01/the_governments_response_to_ha_1.html?sid=ST2010011401110</ref> The Coast Guard also deployed several aircrafts and cutters to the region to aid in relief work.<ref>http://coastguardnews.com/coast-guard-continues-support-in-wake-of-haiti-earthquake/2010/01/14/</ref>


Catholic Relief Services is readying food and other aid to help families affected by a powerful earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12. CRS has committed an initial $5 million (US) to help survivors of the devastating quake.
Catholic Relief Services is readying food and other aid to help families affected by a powerful earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12. CRS has committed an initial $5 million (US) to help survivors of the devastating quake.

Revision as of 15:10, 14 January 2010

Template:FixBunching

2010 Haiti earthquake
UTC time??
Magnitude7.0 Mw
Depth13 kilometres (8.1 mi)
Epicenter18°27′05″N 72°26′43″W / 18.4514°N 72.4452°W / 18.4514; -72.4452
Areas affectedHaiti
Max. intensityMM X[1]
Aftershocks41[2]
CasualtiesTotal unknown, estimated to be up to 500,000[3][4][5]

Template:FixBunching Template:Wikinewspar2 Template:FixBunching

See also: International response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake

The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake centred approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, which struck at 16:53:09 local time (21:53:09 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.[6] The earthquake occurred at a depth of 13 kilometres (8.1 mi). The United States Geological Survey recorded a series of aftershocks, fourteen of them between magnitudes 5.0 and 5.9.[7] The International Red Cross has stated that as many as 3 million people have been affected by the quake,[8] with as many as 100,000 deaths likely, according to the prime minister.[9]

Most of Port-au-Prince's major landmarks were significantly damaged or destroyed in the earthquake, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port-au-Prince Cathedral, and the main jail.[10][11][12] All hospitals were destroyed or so badly damaged that they have been abandoned.[13] The United Nations reported that headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), located in the capital, collapsed and that a large number of UN personnel were unaccounted for.[14] The Mission's Chief, Hédi Annabi, was confirmed dead on 13 January by President René Préval.[15]

There is concern about the emergency services' ability to cope with a major disaster,[16] and the country is considered "economically vulnerable" by the Food and Agriculture Organization.[17]

Background

The last time an earthquake of this magnitude hit the south of Hispaniola, the island that Haiti shares with the Dominican Republic, was in 1751.[18][19] According to MSNBC.com and NBC News, United States Geological Service geophysicist Kristin Marano called it the strongest earthquake since the devastating 1770 earthquake in what is now Haiti. According to Moreau de Saint-Méry (1750–1819), while "only one masonry building had not collapsed" in Port-au-Prince during the 18 October 1751 earthquake, "the whole city collapsed" during the earthquake of 3 June 1770. The city of Cap-Haïtien and other cities in the northern part of Haiti and the Dominican Republic were destroyed in an earthquake on 7 May 1842.[20] In 1946, a magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck the Dominican Republic and also shook Haiti, producing a tsunami that killed 1,790 people and injured many others.[21]

Earthquake details

USGS intensity map

The earthquake occurred inland, on 12 January 2010, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) WSW from Port-au-Prince at a depth of 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) at 16:53 UTC-5[6] on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system.[22] Strong shaking with intensity VII–IX on the Modified Mercalli scale (MM) was recorded in Port-au-Prince and its suburbs. It was also felt in several surrounding countries and regions, including Cuba (MM III in Guantánamo), Jamaica (MM II in Kingston), Venezuela (MM II in Caracas), Puerto Rico (MM II–III in San Juan), and the bordering country of Dominican Republic (MM III in Santo Domingo).[1][23]

USGS focal mechanism for the body waves of the earthquake. Dark areas are in compression, light areas in tension, and North is up. Arrows show left-lateral relative motion along the fault, and the fault plane lies along the transition from dark to light between the two arrows. This motion is due to the Caribbean Plate (south, bottom) moving to the east with respect to the North American Plate (north, top).

The quake occurred in the vicinity of the northern boundary where the Caribbean tectonic plate shifts eastwards by about 20 mm per year relative to the North American plate. The strike-slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault in the south; seismic data suggests that the January 2010 quake was on the Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault, which had been locked solid for 250 years, gathering stress. The stress would ultimately have been relieved either by a large earthquake or a series of smaller ones.[24] Preliminary analysis of the slip distribution found amplitudes of up to approximately 4 meters using ground motion records from all over the world.[25][26]

The United States Geological Survey recorded six aftershocks in the two hours after the main earthquake of magnitudes approximately 5.9,[27] 5.5,[28] 5.1,[29] 4.8,[30] 4.5,[31] and 4.5.[32] Within the first nine hours 26 aftershocks of magnitude 4.2 or greater were recorded, with twelve of them magnitude 5.0 or greater.[33] According to a member of the USGS, based on the strength and location of the quake, about three million people would have been affected. Since the quake occurred under land rather than water, structures and people on the surface were directly exposed to the tremors, particularly since the fault was quite shallow.[34]

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning after the quake,[35] but cancelled it shortly afterwards.[36]

Aftermath

Collapsed buildings in Port-au-Prince.

The buildings of the finance ministry, the ministry of public works, the ministry of communication and culture, the Palace of Justice, the Superior Normal School, the National School of Administration, the Caribbean regional office of the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), Parliament, and Port-au-Prince Cathedral were damaged to varying degrees.[37][38] The National Palace was severely damaged.[39][40] The quake also seriously damaged the control tower at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport.[41] Communications were also seriously disrupted, with a Haitian diplomat saying: "Communication is absolutely impossible... I've been trying to call my ministry and I cannot get through."[35] A hospital in Pétionville, a wealthy suburb of Port-au-Prince, also collapsed from the earthquake.[42] The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) at the Christopher Hotel[43][44] was destroyed, as were offices of the World Bank.[45] The quake incapacitated all three Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) medical facilities around Port-Au-Prince, causing one to collapse completely and rendering the other two so unstable that they had to be abandoned.[46] The building housing the offices of Citibank in Port-au-Prince was destroyed, with several employees unaccounted for.[47]

In neighboring Dominican Republic, buildings shook in the capital Santo Domingo, but no major damage was reported there.[48]

Estimated population living in hardest hit areas

File:StrongAffected.png
USAID Population Impact

On the nights following the earthquake, many people in Haiti slept in the streets, on sidewalks, in their cars, or in makeshift shantytowns either because their houses had been destroyed, or they feared standing structures would not withstand aftershocks. Even President Preval was unsure of where he was going to sleep after his home was destroyed.[49] As one of the poorest nations in the world, Haiti's construction standards are remarkably low, and engineers have stated that it is unlikely many buildings would have stood through any kind of disaster. Structures are often raised wherever they can fit; some buildings were built on slopes with insufficient foundations or steel. Many islands in the Caribbean have no building codes.[50]

Aerial view of Port-au-Prince
Assistance camp set up by the Brazilian Army in Port-au-Prince
Haitians affected by the earthquake

Estimates of the population living in the hardest hit areas were based on Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Landscan data (2008) and USAID'S Famine Early Warning System Network Population Explorer tool. Based on the United States Geological Survey's maps for the areas hardest hit, the estimate of people living in this area is 3,726,000, with an estimated 496,000 children between the ages of 0 and 5 years of age.

The table below provides an estimated gender and age breakdown of the population hardest hit, as of 13 January 2010, based on Landscan and Haiti demographic data:

Age Range Female Male Total
0–4 245,761 249,748 495,509
5–9 229,217 233,383 462,600
10–14 227,789 232,638 460,427
15–19 212,295 216,404 428,699
20–24 184,894 187,637 372,531
25–29 151,778 152,643 304,421
30–34 123,002 123,615 246,617
35–39 104,249 107,127 211,376
40–44 92,292 95,414 187,706
45–49 80,604 80,168 160,772
50–54 64,335 57,783 122,118
55–59 48,505 36,400 84,905
60–64 37,088 23,548 60,636
65–69 30,769 18,372 49,141
70–74 23,349 14,146 37,495
75–79 14,311 98,58 24,169
80–84 6,871 5,302 12,173
85–89 2,086 1,542 3,628
90–94 65 247 612
95–99 47 26 73
100+ 3 2 5
Totals 1,879,611 1,846,004 3,725,615

Casualties

  • Haiti's consul general in New York City expressed his belief that more than 100,000 people have died in the quake, while Haitian president Rene Preval cited other estimates ranging from 30,000 to 50,000 fatalities.[51]

  • Haitian-American musician Wyclef Jean reported on 12 January on CNN that he had received word that Haitian hip hop artist Jimmy O. Barikad had been killed in the quake.[52]
  • Monsignor Joseph Serge Miot, 63, the Archbishop of Port-au-Prince, was killed when the archdiocese offices collapsed in the earthquake.[53]

United Nations peacekeepers

Incoming Force Commander of the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti, Major General Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto of Brazil boards a US Coast Guard jet, on his way to Haiti.

The UN headquarters hosting the stabilization mission for Haiti (MINUSTAH), at the Christopher Hotel in Port-au-Prince, suffered a devastating collapse, concentrating early UN rescue efforts on their own personnel. Most of MINUSTAH's 9,000 troops and police were located elsewhere.[54] According to French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner, all personnel inside the U.N. building, including mission head Hédi Annabi, appear to have died in the earthquake. He said his information had come from the French ambassador in Haiti.[55][56] An estimated 100 UN workers are currently missing and five confirmed dead (13 January).[54] In response to the earthquake, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said US$10 million would be released immediately from the world body's central emergency response fund to assist aid efforts.[57][58]

  • The head of the UN mission in Haiti, Hédi Annabi, who was meeting with a Chinese delegation at the time of the disaster,[56] was confirmed by President René Préval to have died in the earthquake.
  • The deputy head of the UN mission in Haiti, Luiz Carlos da Costa, is missing.[59]
  • At least 25 U.N. peacekeepers (soldiers and police officers) were reported dead and 23 are missing:
    • Argentina: One Argentine gendarme was killed.[59][4][60] Argentina has a 600-member peacekeeping force in Haiti.
    • Brazil: 14 Brazilian soldiers were killed, four are missing and 14 were injured.[61] Brazil has a 1200-member peacekeeping force in Haiti.[62]
    • Canada:Two Canadian RCMP police officers of the international training cadre are reported missing. They are Supt. Doug Coates, the acting commissioner of MINUSTAH, and Sgt. Mark Gallagher, a media relations officer. Canada has an 82-member peacekeeping police force in Haiti.[63][64] All 42 members of the SPVM, 23 members of the SQ and the five members of the Canadian Forces deployed to Haiti with MINUSTAH have been accounted for, as safe.[65][66]
    • Chad: One Chadian police officer was killed.[67][68]
    • China: At least eight Chinese police officers died in the earthquake and another 10 are unaccounted for.[69] China has a 125-member peacekeeping police detachment in Haiti.[70]
    • Jordan: Three Jordanian police officers were killed and 21 soldiers and policemen were injured.[69] Among the Jordanian casualties were majors Atta Issa Hussein and Ashraf Ali Jayoussi and corporal Raed Faraj Kal-Khawaldeh.[71]
    • The Philippines: Four Filipino peacekeepers in Haiti are missing as a result of the earthquake.[72]

Foreign civilians

Zilda Arns was killed in the earthquake
  • Up to 200 guests at the collapsed Hôtel Montana in Port-au-Prince remain unaccounted for.[73]
  • Brazil: Pediatrician and relief worker Zilda Arns, from the organization Pastoral da Criança, was killed in the quake.[74]
  • Canada: Haiti is Canada's second largest aid recipient. There is also a large Haitian community in Canada.[75] Three Canadian citizens have been confirmed dead: George Aglandale, a Montreal university professor for 30 years, and his wife, Mireille, and Yvonne Martin of Elmira, Ontario, a medical missionary who died when her guesthouse in Port-au-Prince collapsed,[76] 90 minutes after she arrived in Haiti.[77] Among the Canadian missing is Serge Marcil, former Quebec minister of the Crown and former member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.[78] About 6,000 Canadian citizens may live in Haiti currently, but only about 700 are registered with the Canadian Embassy.[79]
  • Dominican Republic: At least two Dominican engineers died after an office building collapsed. Another 10 are reported as missing. They were working in Port-au-Prince/Mirebalais highway.[80]

International response

Main article: International response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake

Appeals for international aid have been issued, including from Raymond Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the United States and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean,[81] also a "roving ambassador" for Haiti.[82] The International Red Cross has announced that it has run out of supplies in Haiti and has appealed for public donations.[83] British charities have launched a massive fund raising effort. [84] The U.S. Army's 1st Battalion, 73rd Infantry from Fort Bragg, North Carolina, has been scheduled to deploy Friday along with the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson. [85]

Rescue action

January 12

The Argentine Air Force field mobile hospital, already deployed at Port-au-Prince, was the only medical facility still open [86] while Argentine helicopters from UN flight are helping evacuate the "gravely injured" people to Santo Domingo [87]

Due to the extensive damage to the communication and transportation infrastuctures and the scale of the disaster, the death toll was still uncertain 48 hours after the earthquake.

January 13

As many hospitals collapsed, as of Jan 13, only the Argentine military field hospital remained open in Port-au-Prince and was struggling to attend on the huge numbers of injured. Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) reported that at least two hospitals were still in good shape, and their doctors would begin treating about 500 people who need emergency surgery. [88][89] Bodies of the victims were piled on the streets. Heavy equipment was needed to dig through the ruins. Many people were still trapped in collapsed buildings.[90][91] In Petionville, people used sledgehammers and their hands to dig through a collapsed commercial center.[92]

Some rescue teams arrived in Haiti and started their misson.[93] However, the scale of rescue and relief efforts was yet to meet the need.[94]

The United States Coast Guard deployed helicopters to perform reconnaissance flights over Haiti Wednesday morning, January 13th. This reconnaissance aided in assessing where the damage was concentrated from the earthquake in the region of Port-au-Prince.[95] The Coast Guard also deployed several aircrafts and cutters to the region to aid in relief work.[96]

Catholic Relief Services is readying food and other aid to help families affected by a powerful earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12. CRS has committed an initial $5 million (US) to help survivors of the devastating quake.

“This is a massive disaster,” says CRS’ Country Representative in Haiti, Karel Zelenka. “We should be prepared for thousands and thousands of dead and injured.” In a brief call on Tuesday night before phones went down, Zelenka described clouds of smoke surrounding Port-au-Prince and said, “I’ve experienced earthquakes before, but I never felt anything like this. This is a major hit. And it was direct.”

While the CRS office in Port-au-Prince is undamaged, a building directly across from it collapsed. CRS has approximately 340 staffers in Haiti, of which 120 are in Port-au-Prince. Many staffers slept outside on Tuesday night to avoid building collapses from aftershocks.

CRS has pre-positioned food, water storage containers, bedding and other supplies in warehouses in Haiti and nearby countries. “We have to find out if the warehouses in Haiti are damaged,” says Ken Polsky, Regional Representative for CRS Latin America. “We will also move supplies there from the Dominican Republic and Miami.”

CRS has worked in Haiti, the poorest country in the Western hemisphere, for over 50 years. The country is still rebuilding from the 2008 hurricanes that left the city of Gonaives buried in 3.2 million cubic yards of mud. To donate to CRS, visit www.crs.org or call 1-888-277-7575 or text RELIEF to 30644

January 14

Medical aid for Haiti earthquake took a military-style operation. At least 19 countries, including the United States, Ireland, China, the United Kingdom and Brazil pledged manpower, supplies or financial aid to Haiti.[97]

See also

References

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  97. ^ ABC News Medical Unit [4] at ABC News

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010 Haiti earthquake.
Emergency earthquake aid
News and pictures
Earthquake science links
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