Polyketide: Difference between revisions
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'''Polyketides''' are [[secondary metabolites]] from [[bacterium|bacteria]], [[fungi]], [[plant]]s, and [[animal]]s. Polyketides are usually [[biosynthesis|biosynthesized]] through the [[decarboxylative]] condensation of [[malonyl-CoA]] derived extender units in a similar process to [[fatty acid metabolism#Synthesis|fatty acid synthesis]] (a [[Claisen condensation]]). <ref name="Robinson">{{cite journal|author=Robinson JA|year= 1991|title=Polyketide synthase complexes: their structure and function in antibiotic biosynthesis|journal=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.|volume=332|pages=107–114|pmid=1678529|doi=10.1098/rstb.1991.0038}}</ref> |
'''Polyketides''' are [[secondary metabolites]] from [[bacterium|bacteria]], [[fungi]], [[plant]]s, and [[animal]]s. Polyketides are usually [[biosynthesis|biosynthesized]] through the [[decarboxylative]] condensation of [[malonyl-CoA]] derived extender units in a similar process to [[fatty acid metabolism#Synthesis|fatty acid synthesis]] (a [[Claisen condensation]]). <ref name="Robinson">{{cite journal|author=Robinson JA|year= 1991|title=Polyketide synthase complexes: their structure and function in antibiotic biosynthesis|journal=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.|volume=332|pages=107–114|pmid=1678529|doi=10.1098/rstb.1991.0038}}</ref> The polyketide chains produced by a minimal polyketide synthase are often further derivitized and modified into bioactive [[natural product]]s. |
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Polyketides are structurally a very diverse family of natural products with diverse biological activities and pharmacological properties. Polyketide [[antibiotic]]s, [[antifungal]]s, [[cytostatic]]s, anticholesterolemics, antiparasitics, [[coccidiostatic]]s, animal growth promoters and natural [[insecticide]]s are in commercial use. {{Fact|date=December 2007}} |
Polyketides are structurally a very diverse family of natural products with diverse biological activities and pharmacological properties. They are broadly divided into three classes: type I polyketides (often macrolides produced by mutimodular megasynthaes), type II polyketides (often aromatic molecules produced by the iterative action of dissociated enzymes), and type III polyketides (often small aromatic molecules produced by fungal species). Polyketide [[antibiotic]]s, [[antifungal]]s, [[cytostatic]]s, anticholesterolemics, antiparasitics, [[coccidiostatic]]s, animal growth promoters and natural [[insecticide]]s are in commercial use. {{Fact|date=December 2007}} |
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== Examples == |
== Examples == |
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Revision as of 18:07, 15 January 2010
Polyketides are secondary metabolites from bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Polyketides are usually biosynthesized through the decarboxylative condensation of malonyl-CoA derived extender units in a similar process to fatty acid synthesis (a Claisen condensation). [1] The polyketide chains produced by a minimal polyketide synthase are often further derivitized and modified into bioactive natural products.
Polyketides are structurally a very diverse family of natural products with diverse biological activities and pharmacological properties. They are broadly divided into three classes: type I polyketides (often macrolides produced by mutimodular megasynthaes), type II polyketides (often aromatic molecules produced by the iterative action of dissociated enzymes), and type III polyketides (often small aromatic molecules produced by fungal species). Polyketide antibiotics, antifungals, cytostatics, anticholesterolemics, antiparasitics, coccidiostatics, animal growth promoters and natural insecticides are in commercial use. [citation needed]
Examples
- Macrolides
- Picromycin, the first isolated macrolide (1950)
- The antibiotics erythromycin A, clarithromycin, and azithromycin
- The immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506)
- Radicicol and Pochonin family (HSP90 inhibitor)
- Polyene antibiotics
- Tetracyclines
- The tetracycline family of antibiotics
- Acetogenins
- Others
Biosynthesis
Polyketides are synthesized by one or more specialized and highly complex polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes. [1]