Ibid.

For the short story by H.P. Lovecraft, see Ibid (short story).

Ibid. (Latin, short for ibidem, "the same place") is the term used to provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote. It is similar in meaning to idem (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same) abbreviated "Id.," which is commonly used in legal citation.

To find the ibid. source, one has to look at the reference just before it.

Example

• 4. E. Vijh, Latin for dummies (New York: Academic, 1997), 23.
• 5. Ibid.
• 6. Ibid., 29.

The reference in no. 5 is the same as in no. 4 (E. Vijh, Latin for dummies on page 23), whereas the reference in no. 6 refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29. Intervening entries require a reference to the original citation in the form "Ibid. <citation #>," (e.g. "8. Ibid. 4" or "8. Ibid. 4, at 34"). Notice that "ibid." is always followed by a period/ full stop because it is itself an abbreviation.

See also

• Bibliography
• List of Latin phrases
• MLA style
• Op. cit.
• Loc. cit.
• Sic
• Ibid: A Life is a novel by Mark Dunn, made up entirely of endnotes.

External links

• Dictionary.com: ibid.
• Introduction to bibliographies and citation styles