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In [[alpha taxonomy|taxonomy]], '''''Thermoproteus''''' is a [[genus (biology)|genus]] of the [[Thermoproteaceae]].These [[prokaryotes]] are [[thermophile|thermophilic]] sulphur-dependent organisms related to the genera ''Sulfolobus,'' ''Pyrodictium'' and ''Desulfurococcus''.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Woese C, Olsen G | title = Archaebacterial phylogeny: perspectives on the urkingdoms. | journal = Syst Appl Microbiol | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 161–77 | year = 1986| pmid = 11542063}}</ref> They are hydrogen-sulphur [[autotrophic|autotrophs]] and can grow at temperatures of up to 95 degrees [[Celsius]]
In [[alpha taxonomy|taxonomy]], '''''Thermoproteus''''' is a [[genus (biology)|genus]] of the [[Thermoproteaceae]].




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<ref>See the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2270 webpage on Thermoproteus]. Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>
<ref>See the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2270 webpage on Thermoproteus]. Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>


These [[prokaryotes]] are [[thermophile|thermophilic]] sulphur-dependent organisms related to the genera ''Sulfolobus,'' ''Pyrodictium'' and ''Desulfurococcus''.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Woese C, Olsen G | title = Archaebacterial phylogeny: perspectives on the urkingdoms. | journal = Syst Appl Microbiol | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 161–77 | year = 1986| pmid = 11542063}}</ref> They are hydrogen-sulphur [[autotrophic|autotrophs]] and can grow at temperatures of up to 95 degrees [[Celsius]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Messner P, Pum D, Sára M, Stetter K, Sleytr U | title = Ultrastructure of the cell envelope of the archaebacteria ''Thermoproteus tenax'' and ''Thermoproteus neutrophilus''. | url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=215230&blobtype=pdf | journal = J Bacteriol | volume = 166 | issue = 3 | pages = 1046–54 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3086286 | pmc = 215230}}</ref>
.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Messner P, Pum D, Sára M, Stetter K, Sleytr U | title = Ultrastructure of the cell envelope of the archaebacteria ''Thermoproteus tenax'' and ''Thermoproteus neutrophilus''. | url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=215230&blobtype=pdf | journal = J Bacteriol | volume = 166 | issue = 3 | pages = 1046–54 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3086286 | pmc = 215230}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 08:38, 28 March 2010

Thermoproteus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Crenarchaeota
Phylum:
Crenarchaeota
Class:
Thermoprotei
Order:
Thermoproteales
Family:
Thermoproteaceae
Genus:
Thermoproteus

Zillig & Stetter, 1982
Species

In taxonomy, Thermoproteus is a genus of the Thermoproteaceae.These prokaryotes are thermophilic sulphur-dependent organisms related to the genera Sulfolobus, Pyrodictium and Desulfurococcus.[1] They are hydrogen-sulphur autotrophs and can grow at temperatures of up to 95 degrees Celsius


Description and Significance

Thermoproteus is a genus of anaerobes that grow in the wild by autotrophic sulfur reduction. Like other hyperthermophiles, Thermoproteus represents a living example of some of Earth's earliest organisms, located at the base of the Archaea. One species of this genus, Thermoproteus tenax, is a virus which infects Archaea.


Genome Structure

Genetic sequencing of Thermoproteus has revealed much about the organism's modes of metabolism. Total genome length is 16000 nt, and the DNA is double-stranded and circular. Genes are arranged in co-transcribed clusters called operons. The Thermoproteus tenax genome has been completely sequenced (click here for NCBI's GenBank data).


Cell Structure and Metabolism

A significant amount of research has been done on the metabolism of Thermoproteus and other hyperthermophiles as well. Thermoproteus metabolizes autotrophically through sulfur reduction, but it grows much faster by sulfur respiration in cultivation. In T. tenax, a number of metabolic pathways allow the cell to select a mode of metabolism depending on the energy requirements of the cell (depending, for example, on the cell's developmental or growth stage). Like all archaeans, Thermoproteus possesses unique membrane lipids, which are ether-linked glycerol derivatives of 20 or 40 carbon branched lipids. The lipids' unsaturations are generally conjugated (as opposed to the unconjugation found in Bacteria and Eukaryota). In Thermosphaera, as in all members of the Crenarchaeota, the membranes are predominated by the 40-carbon lipids that span the entire membrane. This causes the membrane to be composed of monolayers with polar groups at each end. The cells are rod-shaped with diameters of up to 4 microns and up to 100 microns in length, and reproduce by developing branches on the end of the cell which grow into individual cells. They are motile by flagella.


Ecology

Members of Thermoproteus are found in acidic hot springs and water holes; they have been isolated in these habitats in Iceland, Italy, North America, New Zealand, the Azores, and Indonesia. Their optimal growth temperature is 85C


[2]

.[3]

References

  1. ^ Woese C, Olsen G (1986). "Archaebacterial phylogeny: perspectives on the urkingdoms". Syst Appl Microbiol. 7: 161–77. PMID 11542063.
  2. ^ See the NCBI webpage on Thermoproteus. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
  3. ^ Messner P, Pum D, Sára M, Stetter K, Sleytr U (1986). "Ultrastructure of the cell envelope of the archaebacteria Thermoproteus tenax and Thermoproteus neutrophilus". J Bacteriol. 166 (3): 1046–54. PMC 215230. PMID 3086286.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Further reading

Scientific journals

  • Judicial Commision of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (2005). "The nomenclatural types of the orders Acholeplasmatales, Halanaerobiales, Halobacteriales, Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, Planctomycetales, Prochlorales, Sulfolobales, Thermococcales, Thermoproteales and Verrucomicrobiales are the genera Acholeplasma, Halanaerobium, Halobacterium, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus, Methanomicrobium, Planctomyces, Prochloron, Sulfolobus, Thermococcus, Thermoproteus and Verrucomicrobium, respectively. Opinion 79". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55 (Pt 1): 517–518. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63548-0. PMID 15653928.
  • Burggraf S, Huber H, Stetter KO (1997). "Reclassification of the crenarchael orders and families in accordance with 16S rRNA sequence data". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47 (3): 657–660. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-657. PMID 9226896.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Zillig W, Stetter KO, Schafer W, Janekovic D, Wunderl S, Holz I, Palm P (1981). "Thermoproteales: a novel type of extremely thermoacidophilic anaerobic archaebacteria isolated from Icelandic solfataras". Zentralbl. Mikrobiol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. C2: 205–227.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Scientific books

Scientific databases

Template:Taxonomic references

Template:Taxonomic links


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