Chyme: Difference between revisions
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'''Chyme''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] "χυμός" - ''khymos'', "juice"<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=chyme Chyme], Online Etymology Dictionary</ref><ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dxumo%2Fs χυμός], |
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Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>) is the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the [[duodenum]]. In other words, chyme is partially-digested food.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chyme chyme - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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Also known as '''chymus''', it is the liquid substance found in the [[stomach]] before passing through the [[pyloric valve]] and entering the [[duodenum]]. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a [[Bolus (digestion)|bolus]] and consists of partially digested food, water, [[hydrochloric acid]], and various [[digestion|digestive]] [[enzyme]]s. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric [[sphincter]] and into the duodenum, where the extraction of [[nutrient]]s begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme anywhere between 40 minutes and a few hours. |
Also known as '''chymus''', it is the liquid substance found in the [[stomach]] before passing through the [[pyloric valve]] and entering the [[duodenum]]. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a [[Bolus (digestion)|bolus]] and consists of partially digested food, water, [[hydrochloric acid]], and various [[digestion|digestive]] [[enzyme]]s. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric [[sphincter]] and into the duodenum, where the extraction of [[nutrient]]s begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme anywhere between 40 minutes and a few hours. |
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[[Category:Digestive system]] |
[[Category:Digestive system]] |
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[[Category:Body fluids]] |
[[Category:Body fluids]] |
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[[Category:Greek loanwords]] |
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{{digestive-stub}} |
{{digestive-stub}} |
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Revision as of 08:58, 15 May 2010
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2009) |
Chyme (from Greek "χυμός" - khymos, "juice"[1][2]) is the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. In other words, chyme is partially-digested food.[3]
Also known as chymus, it is the liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme anywhere between 40 minutes and a few hours.
With a pH of around 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. To raise its pH, the duodenum secretes a hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. The duodenum also produces the hormone secretin to stimulate the pancreatic secretion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, which raises the chyme's pH to 7 before it reaches the jejunum. As it is protected by a thick layer of mucus and utilizes the neutralizing actions of the sodium bicarbonate and bile, the duodenum is not as sensitive to highly acidic chyme as the rest of the small intestine.
At a pH of 7, the enzymes that were present from the stomach are no longer active. This then leads into the further breakdown of the nutrients still present by anaerobic bacteria which at the same time help to package the remains. These bacteria also help synthesize vitamin B and vitamin K.