Kreevins: Difference between revisions
m General fixes and Typo fixing, typos fixed: originaly → originally using AWB |
m →History: citation needed |
||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
==History== |
==History== |
||
[[image:Bauska Castle 3.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Bauska Castle]]]] |
[[image:Bauska Castle 3.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Bauska Castle]]]] |
||
Ancestors of Kreevins were Votes who originally lived in [[Ingria]]. [[Vincke von Overbeg]] of [[Teutonic Order]] took about 3,000 Votic prisoners of war during his attack to Ingria in 1444–1447. They were transferred to town of Bauska to be used as labour to build [[Bauska Castle]]. Before this [[List of historical plagues|plague]] had killed many of the original inhabitants of the area. When the castle was finished, Votes settled to area and became farmers. The first written mention of them is from year 1636.<ref>Toivo Vuorela, ''Suomensukuiset kansat'', s. 114-115. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1960</ref> In 1805 there were estimated 1,200 Kreevins in Bauska and its surroundings, but according to local priest Karl Lutzau five years later in 1810, there were only 12–15 persons who could still speak the Votic language, all of whom were elders. [[Anders Johan Sjögren]] made a research trip to area in 1846, and made conclusion that Votic language had almost disappeared from the region. After this there are no records from living Kreevins. First one to proof the link between Votes and Kreevins was [[Ferdinand Johan Wiedemann]] in 1871.<ref>Mauno Jokipii, Itämerensuomalaiset - Heimokansojen historiaa ja kohtaloita, Jyväskylä 1995, ISBN 951-39362-80-0 ''(in Finnish)''</ref> |
Ancestors of Kreevins were Votes who originally lived in [[Ingria]]. [[Vincke von Overbeg]] of [[Teutonic Order]] took about 3,000 Votic prisoners of war during his attack to Ingria in 1444–1447. They were transferred to town of Bauska to be used as labour to build [[Bauska Castle]]. Before this [[List of historical plagues|plague]] had killed many of the original inhabitants of the area. When the castle was finished, Votes settled to area and became farmers. The first written mention of them is from year 1636.<ref>Toivo Vuorela, ''Suomensukuiset kansat'', s. 114-115. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1960</ref> In 1805 there were estimated 1,200 Kreevins in Bauska and its surroundings, but according to local priest Karl Lutzau five years later in 1810, there were only 12–15 persons who could still speak the Votic language, all of whom were elders.{{Citation needed|June 7}} [[Anders Johan Sjögren]] made a research trip to area in 1846, and made conclusion that Votic language had almost disappeared from the region. After this there are no records from living Kreevins. First one to proof the link between Votes and Kreevins was [[Ferdinand Johan Wiedemann]] in 1871.<ref>Mauno Jokipii, Itämerensuomalaiset - Heimokansojen historiaa ja kohtaloita, Jyväskylä 1995, ISBN 951-39362-80-0 ''(in Finnish)''</ref> |
||
==Culture== |
==Culture== |
||
Revision as of 07:24, 7 July 2010
 | This article may require copy editing for grammar. (April 2010) |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| none | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Latvia | |
| Languages | |
| Votic, Latvian | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Votes |
Kreevins were Votes who lived in Latvian town of Bauska. Kreevins spoke Votic dialect of kreevin. Kreevins disappeared in middle of 19th century when they merged to local Latvians[1]. They preserved many arcahic parts of Votic culture, making them important source of knowledge about early Votic culture. The name krievini means "Russian" in Latvian language. Latvian poet Janis Rainis had some Kreevin roots[2].
History
Ancestors of Kreevins were Votes who originally lived in Ingria. Vincke von Overbeg of Teutonic Order took about 3,000 Votic prisoners of war during his attack to Ingria in 1444–1447. They were transferred to town of Bauska to be used as labour to build Bauska Castle. Before this plague had killed many of the original inhabitants of the area. When the castle was finished, Votes settled to area and became farmers. The first written mention of them is from year 1636.[3] In 1805 there were estimated 1,200 Kreevins in Bauska and its surroundings, but according to local priest Karl Lutzau five years later in 1810, there were only 12–15 persons who could still speak the Votic language, all of whom were elders.[citation needed] Anders Johan Sjögren made a research trip to area in 1846, and made conclusion that Votic language had almost disappeared from the region. After this there are no records from living Kreevins. First one to proof the link between Votes and Kreevins was Ferdinand Johan Wiedemann in 1871.[4]
Culture
Many early ethnologists noted the different clothing of Kreevins. Many of the clothing types used by Kreevins were also in use in Ingria. Mens suit (kiut, kiuting) had embroidery made with blue and red thread. Mens shirt didn't have buttons, and it was fastenned with ribbon. Mens also used jacket (viita, viite, viiten) made of woolen fabric, it was possibly copied from Estonian immigrants who also lived in area. Typical Latvian clothing was also used. Kreevin women used headscarfes similar to those used by Votes and Izhorians in Ingria. Decorated scarf was often used on top of headscarf. Younger girls had their hair plaited.[5]
Language
Language sample[6]
Lords Prayer
Meģģi ise taiwâs!
jadku elka śiwu śenna
tulap meģģi tiwi śivu riikki!
Śiwu meelle se iggau ka kui taiwâs ni kans ma bēli!
Meģģi arma leipe anna meli tennawa.
Ġedde meggi padudd, kui me jattim umili nisi meli jad!
Elas meite kurja sad.
Śewon wodse kurģe miusse erre
Jo siula kalpap śiwu kikki śiwu appi un śiwu üwiwi śewonśe śewonśe.
Amen!
References
- ^ The Red Book of Peoples - Votes
- ^ Roots-Saknes.lv - Vots
- ^ Toivo Vuorela, Suomensukuiset kansat, s. 114-115. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1960
- ^ Mauno Jokipii, Itämerensuomalaiset - Heimokansojen historiaa ja kohtaloita, Jyväskylä 1995, ISBN 951-39362-80-0 (in Finnish)
- ^ Gustav Ränk, Vatjalaiset, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 1960
- ^ Linguistica Uralica XXXIII 1997 3, p.182-184 in Google books
 | This Latvia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |