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{{POV-section|date=August 2010}}
{{POV-section|date=August 2010}}
Daniel Goldhagen’s history books have been criticized by [[Raul Hilberg]],<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/448851|last=Hilberg|first=Raul|title=The Goldhagen Phenomenon |year=1997 |journal=Critical Inquiry |publisher=University of Chicago Press |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=721–728 }}</ref> [[Ian Kershaw]],<ref>Kershaw, Ian ''The Nazi Dictatorship : Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation'' London : Arnold 2000, pp. 254-256.</ref> [[Fritz Stern]]<ref>"The Past Distorted: The Goldhagen Controversy" in ''Einstein’s German World'', Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999, pp. 272-288.</ref> [[Eberhard Jäckel]],<ref>Kershaw, Ian ''The Nazi Dictatorship : Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation'' London: Arnold 2000, p. 255.</ref> [[Hans-Ulrich Wehler]],<ref>"The Goldhagen Controversy: Agonising Problems, Scholarly Failure, and the Political Dimension," in ''German History'', vol. 15, 1997, pp. 80–91.</ref> and [[David Schoenbaum]].<ref>"Ordinary People?" ''National Review'', vol. 48 no. # 12, July 1, 1996, pp. 54–56.</ref> Goldhagen has publicly debated some of his critics; during the 1996 book promotion and public-speaking tour of Germany, he and German historian [[Hans Mommsen]] angrily debated on national German television.<ref name="NYT970126">{{cite journal|last=Elon|first=Amos|title=The Antagonist as Liberator|journal=The New York Times Magazine|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/26/magazine/the-antagonist-as-liberator.html|accessdate=October 2, 2009 | date=January 26, 1997}}</ref><ref>Kershaw, Ian. ''The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems & Perspectives of Interpretation'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 254.</ref> Moreover, Prof. [[Norman Finkelstein]] and historian [[Ruth Bettina Birn]] claimed his books are inaccurate, because they contain many factual errors.<ref>{{cite book|last=Finkelstein|first=Norman|coauthors=Ruth Bettina Birn|title=A Nation On Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth|publisher=Henry Holt|location=New York|date=April 1998|isbn=9780805058727}}</ref> The American [[William A. Donohue]], president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, called Daniel Goldhagen an “anti-Catholic bigot”.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Donohue|first=William A.|title=2002 Report on Anti-Catholicism|publisher=Catholic League|url=http://www.catholicleague.org/annualreport.php?year=2002&id=71|accessdate=October 2, 2009}}</ref>
Daniel Goldhagen’s history books have been criticized by [[Raul Hilberg]],<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/448851|last=Hilberg|first=Raul|title=The Goldhagen Phenomenon |year=1997 |journal=Critical Inquiry |publisher=University of Chicago Press |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=721–728 }}</ref> [[Ian Kershaw]],<ref>Kershaw, Ian ''The Nazi Dictatorship : Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation'' London : Arnold 2000, pp. 254-256.</ref> [[Fritz Stern]],<ref>"The Past Distorted: The Goldhagen Controversy" in ''Einstein’s German World'', Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999, pp. 272-288.</ref> [[Eberhard Jäckel]],<ref>Kershaw, Ian ''The Nazi Dictatorship : Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation'' London: Arnold 2000, p. 255.</ref> [[Hans-Ulrich Wehler]],<ref>"The Goldhagen Controversy: Agonising Problems, Scholarly Failure, and the Political Dimension," in ''German History'', vol. 15, 1997, pp. 80–91.</ref> and [[David Schoenbaum]].<ref>"Ordinary People?" ''National Review'', vol. 48 no. # 12, July 1, 1996, pp. 54–56.</ref> Goldhagen has publicly debated some of his critics; during the 1996 book promotion and public-speaking tour of Germany, he and German historian [[Hans Mommsen]] angrily debated on national German television.<ref name="NYT970126">{{cite journal|last=Elon|first=Amos|title=The Antagonist as Liberator|journal=The New York Times Magazine|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/26/magazine/the-antagonist-as-liberator.html|accessdate=October 2, 2009 | date=January 26, 1997}}</ref><ref>Kershaw, Ian. ''The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems & Perspectives of Interpretation'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 254.</ref> Moreover, Prof. [[Norman Finkelstein]] and historian [[Ruth Bettina Birn]] claimed his books are inaccurate, because they contain many factual errors.<ref>{{cite book|last=Finkelstein|first=Norman|coauthors=Ruth Bettina Birn|title=A Nation On Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth|publisher=Henry Holt|location=New York|date=April 1998|isbn=9780805058727}}</ref> The American [[William A. Donohue]], president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, called Daniel Goldhagen an “anti-Catholic bigot”.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Donohue|first=William A.|title=2002 Report on Anti-Catholicism|publisher=Catholic League|url=http://www.catholicleague.org/annualreport.php?year=2002&id=71|accessdate=October 2, 2009}}</ref>


==Supporters==
==Supporters==

Revision as of 00:40, 27 September 2010

Daniel Jonah Goldhagen (born 1959) is an American author and former Associate Professor of Political Science and Social Studies at Harvard University. Goldhagen reached international awareness as the author of two controversial books about the Holocaust, Hitler's Willing Executioners (1996) and A Moral Reckoning (2002). He is also the author of 2009's Worse Than War, which examines the phenomenon of genocide.

Daniel Jonah Goldhagen
OccupationPolitical Scientist, Author
NationalityUSA
Notable worksHitler's Willing Executioners, A Moral Reckoning, Worse Than War
SpouseSarah Williams Goldhagen
Website
http://www.goldhagen.com/

Early life

Daniel Jonah Goldhagen was born in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S., in June 1959, to Norma and Erich Goldhagen. He grew up in Newton, Massachusetts.[1] His wife is Sarah Williams Goldhagen, an architectural historian, and critic forThe New Republic magazine.[2]

Historian Saul Friedlander

Goldhagen is the son of retired Harvard professor Erich Goldhagen, a Holocaust survivor who lived in a Romanian–Jewish ghetto in Czernowitz, Ukraine.[1] Goldhagen credits his father for the intellectual perspective of studying the subject and dispassionately reporting the events, the perpetrators, and their motives.[3] In 1977, he entered Harvard College and remained there for some twenty years, as an undergraduate and graduate student, then as an assistant professor in the Government and Social Studies Department.[4][5]

During early graduate studies, he attended a lecture by Saul Friedländer, in which he had what he describes as a “light bulb moment”: the functionalism versus intentionalism debate did not address the question, “When Hitler ordered the annihilation of the Jews, why did people execute the order?” Goldhagen wanted to investigate who were the German men and women who killed the Jews, and their reasons for killing.[1]

Career

As a graduate student, Goldhagen did research in the German archives.[1][6] The thesis of Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust proposes that, during the Holocaust, many killers were ordinary Germans, who killed for having been raised in a profoundly antisemitic culture, and thus were acculturated — "ready and willing" — to execute the Nazi government’s genocidal plans.

Goldhagen’s first notable publication was the New Republic magazine book review “False Witness” (1989) of Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? (1988), by Princeton University professor Arno J. Mayer.[7] Goldhagen said that “Mayer’s enormous intellectual error” is in ascribing the cause of the Holocaust to anti-Communism, rather than to anti-Semitism,[8] and criticised Prof. Mayer’s saying that most massacres of Jews in the USSR, during the first weeks of Operation Barbarossa (1941) in the summer of 1941, were committed by local peoples, with little Wehrmacht participation,[9] and accused him of traducing the facts about the Wannsee Conference (1942), which was meant for plotting the genocide of European Jews, not (as Mayer said) merely the resettlement of the Jews.[10] Goldhagen further accused Mayer of obscurantism, of suppressing historical fact, and of being an apologist for Nazi Germany, like Ernst Nolte, for attempting to “de-demonize” National Socialism.[11] In 1989, Lucy Dawidowicz reviewed Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? (1988) in Commentary magazine, and praised Goldhagen’s “False Witness” review, identifying him as a rising Holocaust historian who formally rebutted “Mayer’s falsification” of history.[12][13]

In 2003, Prof. Goldhagen quit his Harvard academic job to focus on writing. His work synthesizes four historical elements, kept distinct for analysis; as presented in the books A Moral Reckoning: the Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair (2002) and Worse Than War (2009): (i) description (what happens), (ii) explanation (why it happens), (iii) moral evaluation (judgement), and (iv) prescription (what is to be done?).[14][15] In the event, his Holocaust studies progress raised questions about the political, social, and cultural particulars behind other genocides: “Who did the killing?” “What, despite temporal and cultural differences, do mass killings have in common?”, which yielded Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity, about the global nature of genocide, and averting such crimes against humanity.[16][17]

Works

Hitler's Willing Executioners

Main article: Hitler's Willing Executioners

Hitler's Willing Executioners (1996) posits that ordinary Germans not only knew about but also supported the Holocaust, because of a unique and virulent "eliminationist antisemitism" in the German identity, which had developed in the preceding centuries. Goldhagen asserted that this special mentality grew out of medieval attitudes from a religious basis, but was eventually secularized.

Goldhagen's book stoked controversy and debate, in Germany and the United States. Some historians have characterized its reception as an extension of the Historikerstreit, the German historiographical debate of the 1980s that sought to explain Nazi history. The book was a "publishing phenomenon",[18] achieving fame in both the United States and Germany, despite its "mostly scathing" reception among historians,[19] who were unusually vocal in condemning it as ahistorical and, in the words of Holocaust historian Raul Hilberg, "totally wrong about everything" and "worthless".[20][21]

The book, which began as a Harvard doctoral dissertation, was written largely as an answer to Christopher Browning's publication on German history. It won the American Political Science Association's 1994 Gabriel A. Almond Award in comparative politics and the Democracy Prize of the Journal for German and International Politics. The Journal asserted that the debate fostered by Goldhagen's book helped sharpen public understanding about the past during a period of radical change in Germany.[22]

A Moral Reckoning

Main article: A Moral Reckoning
A Moral Reckoning
A Moral Reckoning

In 2002 Goldhagen published A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair, his account of the role of the Catholic Church before, during and after World War II. A Moral Reckoning was the subject of considerable controversy involving allegations of anti-Catholic bias.[23] In the book, Goldhagen acknowledges that individual bishops and priests hid and saved a large number of Jews,[24] yet he asserts that others promoted or accepted anti-Semitism before[25] and during the war,[26] and some played a direct role in the persecution of Jews in Europe during the time of the Nazis.[27]

The book has been criticised as being a "misuse of the Holocaust to advance [his] anti-Catholic agenda", and as being poor scholarship.[28][29][30] Because he believes the book's recommendations would mean the end of the Church as it has been for two millennia, William A. Donohue, president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, has labeled Goldhagen an "anti-Catholic bigot".[31]

Goldhagen noted in an interview with The Atlantic, as well as in the book's introduction, that the title and the first page of the book reveal its purpose as a moral, rather than historical analysis, asserting that he has invited European Church representatives to present their own historical account in discussing morality and reparation.[32]

Worse Than War

Intellectually, Daniel Goldhagen’s investigations and analyses of Nazism and the Holocaust genocide progressed to investigation and analysis of “eliminationist assaults”, and in 2009 published Worse Than War, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity (2009), detailing genocide as the contemporary cause of more deaths than war. The Kirkus Reviews reported that Worse than War is “A significant achievement . . . intensely researched, and wholly original”.[33]

In the book, he reports having considered writing it for some twenty-six years, intermittently working on it for perhaps a decade, by interviewing genocide perpetrators and victims in Rwanda, Guatemala, Cambodia, Kenya, and the USSR, and politicians, government officers, and private humanitarian organization officers, in order to understand the local and global mentality — social, political, and cultural — that foments and facilitates killing en masse, and what mentality can cease such human tragedy. In the introduction, Goldhagen said that “we can focus on this scourge; understand its causes, its nature and complexity, and its scope and systematic quality; and, building upon that understanding, craft institutions and politics that will save countless lives and also lift the lethal threat under which so many people live”.

In the event, the book was cinematically adapted, and the documentary film of Worse than War was first presented in the U.S. in Aspen, Colorado, on 6 August 2009 — the sixty-fourth anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945, to conclude the Second World War (1939–45).[34] In Germany, the documentary was first broadcast by the ARD television network 18 October 2009,[35] and was to be nationally broadcast by the PBS network in the U.S. in 2010.[36]

Hans Mommsen

Critics

Daniel Goldhagen’s history books have been criticized by Raul Hilberg,[37] Ian Kershaw,[38] Fritz Stern,[39] Eberhard Jäckel,[40] Hans-Ulrich Wehler,[41] and David Schoenbaum.[42] Goldhagen has publicly debated some of his critics; during the 1996 book promotion and public-speaking tour of Germany, he and German historian Hans Mommsen angrily debated on national German television.[43][44] Moreover, Prof. Norman Finkelstein and historian Ruth Bettina Birn claimed his books are inaccurate, because they contain many factual errors.[45] The American William A. Donohue, president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, called Daniel Goldhagen an “anti-Catholic bigot”.[46]

Supporters

In 1996, The New York Times Magazine reported that Daniel Goldhagen’s book promotion and public-speaking tour of Germany was “more reminiscent of a Michael Jackson concert than of the publication of a 700-page book of non-fiction . . . So many people came to Goldhagen’s personal appearances — and so many cheered him, and booed his detractors . . . Those who could not get into the Frankfurt Opera house for Goldhagen’s debate with his critics nearly demolished the foyer”.[43]

Gordon A. Craig

At Die Zeit newspaper, editor Volker Ullrich said that German public interest in Goldhagen was that: “Here, finally, is someone who expresses what has long been a taboo: that the distinction, between ‘criminal Nazis’ and ‘normal Germans’ is false; that the readiness to murder millions came from the middle of German society . . . When someone utters this simple truth, it acts on no few Germans as a kind of liberation”.[43] The defenders of Goldhagen and the book include the Israeli historian and Holocaust survivor Israel Gutman, a leading defender of Goldhagen;[47] and the American historian of Germany Gordon A. Craig who defended Goldhagen when Hitler’s Willing Executioners was published in spring of 1996.[48]

The U.S. edition of Time magazine reported that Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and The Holocaust was one of the two most important books of 1996.[49] Benjamin B. Ferencz, Chief Prosecutor of the Ensatzgruppen Case of the Nuremberg War Crime Trials, said that “Goldhagen has probed the depths of man’s depravity to explain how a civilized country like Germany and its ordinary citizens became accomplices and perpetrators . . . It is a bitter revelation of the origins of incredible cruelty that, hopefully, may illuminate the path to a more humane future.”[50] In The New York Review of Books (18 April 1996), historian Gordon A. Craig said that A Moral Reckoning is “an original, indeed brilliant, contribution to the . . . literature on the Holocaust.”; and The New York Times reported “His book is one of those rare, new works that merit the appellation ‘landmark’ ”.[51]

Public intellectual

As a public intellectual Daniel Goldhagen is an historical-authority public speaker about past and contemporary events, including Political Islam.[52][53][54] His works have been translated into fifteen languages, and his writings are published internationally in The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, The New Republic, Forward, The Sunday Times, The Guardian, Die Zeit, Süddeutscher Zeitung, Die Welt, Le Monde, Corriere della Sera, La Repubblica, El Pais, El Mundo, Ha’aretz, Gazeta Wyborcza, The Australian. He has appeared on eadio and television world-wide, on The Today Show, The O’Reilly Factor, and Charlie Rose, and Newsnight (UK). Profiles of him have appeared on Dateline, and on Focus TV (Germany), and in The New York Times Magazine, the New York Review of Books, Der Spiegel, Stern, Profil.[54]

Awards

  • The Forward, named to Forward 50, 2002 and 1996
  • Journal for German and International Politics Triennial Democracy Prize, 1997, with laudatio given by Jürgen Habermas.
  • National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist for Hitler’s Willing Executioners, 1996
  • Time, named Hitler’s Willing Executioners one of two best non-fiction books of the year, 1996
  • American Political Science Association, Gabriel A. Almond Award for the best dissertation in the field of comparative politics, 1994
  • Harvard University, Sumner Dissertation Prize, 1993
  • Whiting Fellowship, 1990–1991
  • Fulbright IIE Grant for Dissertation Research, 1988–1989
  • Krupp Foundation Fellowship for Dissertation Research, 1988–1989
  • Center for European Studies Summer Research Grant, 1987
  • Jacob Javits Fellowship 1996-1988, 1989–1990
  • Harvard College, Philo Sherman Bennett Thesis Prize, 1982
  • Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAAD) Fellowship, 1979–1980

Selected works

  • 1989: False Witness The New Republic, April 17, 1989, Volume 200, #16, Issue # 3, pp39–44
  • 1996: Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and The Holocaust, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, ISBN 0-679-44695-8
  • 2002: A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of RepairAlfred A. Knopf, New York, ISBN 0-375-41434-7
  • 2009: Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault On Humanity, PublicAffairs, New York, ISBN 978-1-58648-769-0

References

  1. ^ a b c d Smith, Dinita (April 1, 1996). "Challenging a View Of The Holocaust". The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  2. ^ "The New Republic Masthead". Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  3. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (1996). page 604, Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and The Holocaust (Hardback ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-44695-8.
  4. ^ Ruber, Deborah Bradley (January 9, 1997). "Goldhagen Wins German Prize For Holocaust Book". The Harvard University Gazette. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  5. ^ "Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's Website". Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  6. ^ Carl F. Lankowski, ed. (August 1999). Breakdown, Breakup, Breakthrough: Germany's Difficult Passage To Modernity. Berghahn Books, Incorporated. ISBN 1571812113.
  7. ^ Guttenplan, D. D. The Holocaust on Trial, New York: Norton, 2001 p. 74.
  8. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel. "False Witness," The New Republic, 17 April 1989 p. 40.
  9. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel. "False Witness," The New Republic, 17 April 1989 pp. 40-41.
  10. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel. "False Witness," The New Republic, April 17, 1989 p. 43.
  11. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel. "False Witness," The New Republic, April 17, 1989 p. 44.
  12. ^ Guttenplan, D. D. The Holocaust on Trial, New York: Norton, 2001 p. 73.
  13. ^ Dawidowicz, Lucy "Perversions of the Holocaust" pages 56-60 from Commentary, vol. 88, no. 4, October 1989 p. 58.
  14. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (2002). pp5-6,A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church In The Holocaust And Its Unfufilled Duty of Repair. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41434-7.
  15. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (October 2009). p32,Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-769-0.
  16. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (October 2009). Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity. New York: Public Affairs. p. 631. ISBN 978-1-58648-769-0.
  17. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (October 2009). pp265-361,Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-769-0.
  18. ^ Crawshaw, Steve (2004). Easier fatherland. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 136–7. ISBN 9780826463203.
  19. ^ Shatz, Adam. (April 8, 1998) Goldhagen's willing executioners: the attack on a scholarly superstar, and how he fights back Slate. Accessed January 4, 2008.
  20. ^ http://www.logosjournal.com/issue_6.1-2/hilberg.htm
  21. ^ http://web.ceu.hu/jewishstudies/pdf/01_kwiet.pdf
  22. ^ Harvard Gazette
  23. ^ Riebling, Mark (January 27, 2003). "Jesus, Jews, and the Shoah" ([dead link‍]). National Review. Accessed January 5, 2008.
  24. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (2002). pp50-51,A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church In The Holocaust And Its Unfufilled Duty of Repair. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41434-7.
  25. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (2002). p226,A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church In The Holocaust And Its Unfufilled Duty of Repair. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41434-7.
  26. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (2002). p227,A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church In The Holocaust And Its Unfufilled Duty of Repair. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41434-7.
  27. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (2002). p60,A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church In The Holocaust And Its Unfufilled Duty of Repair. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41434-7.
  28. ^ Dalin, David G., The Weekly Standard, February 10 2003. http://www.catholicleague.org/research/history_as_bigotry.htm
  29. ^ Bottum, J. The Usefulness of Daniel Goldhagen The Weekly Standard 23 October 2002
  30. ^ Fisher, Eugene J. Review of A Moral Reckoning Ethical Perspectives, Journal of the European Ethics Network
  31. ^ 2002 Report on Anti-Catholicism, Executive Summary Catholic League
  32. ^ Gritz, Jennie Rothenberg. (January 31 2003) The Guilt of the Church. The Atlantic. Accessed January 4 2008.
  33. ^ "Perseus Books Group Foreign Rights Guide 2009" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  34. ^ "Worse Than War Screening". Retrieved 2009-10-03.
  35. ^ "ARD Program Guide for October 18, 2009". Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  36. ^ "PBS International: Worse Than War Documentary". Retrieved 2009-10-03.
  37. ^ Hilberg, Raul (1997). "The Goldhagen Phenomenon". Critical Inquiry. 23 (4). University of Chicago Press: 721–728. doi:10.1086/448851.
  38. ^ Kershaw, Ian The Nazi Dictatorship : Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation London : Arnold 2000, pp. 254-256.
  39. ^ "The Past Distorted: The Goldhagen Controversy" in Einstein’s German World, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999, pp. 272-288.
  40. ^ Kershaw, Ian The Nazi Dictatorship : Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation London: Arnold 2000, p. 255.
  41. ^ "The Goldhagen Controversy: Agonising Problems, Scholarly Failure, and the Political Dimension," in German History, vol. 15, 1997, pp. 80–91.
  42. ^ "Ordinary People?" National Review, vol. 48 no. # 12, July 1, 1996, pp. 54–56.
  43. ^ a b c Elon, Amos (January 26, 1997). "The Antagonist as Liberator". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  44. ^ Kershaw, Ian. The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems & Perspectives of Interpretation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 254.
  45. ^ Finkelstein, Norman (April 1998). A Nation On Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 9780805058727. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ Donohue, William A. "2002 Report on Anti-Catholicism". Catholic League. Retrieved October 2, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  47. ^ Gutman, Israel "Daniel Goldhagen and the Inconceivable Cruelty of the Germans," Ha'aretz, l2 July l996
  48. ^ Craig, Gordon “How Hell Worked”, New York Review of Books, April 18, 1996
  49. ^ "Books: The Best Books of 1996". Time. December 23, 1996.
  50. ^ Goldhagen, Daniel (1996). (Hardback ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-44695-8. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |unused_data= ignored (help)
  51. ^ Bernstein, Richard (March 9, 1997). "Was Slaughter of Jews Embraced by Germans?". The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  52. ^ "Worse Than War Documentary". Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  53. ^ "Daniel Goldhagen - "Worse than War" - discusses genocide at Holocaust Day L.A. 2009". recorded on April 21, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-03.
  54. ^ a b "Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's Website". Retrieved 2009-10-02.

Further reading

  • Bauer, Yehuda. Rethinking the Holocaust. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08256-8
  • Eley, Geoff (ed.) The Goldhagen Effect: History, Memory, Nazism—Facing the German Past. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. ISBN 0-472-06752-4.
  • Feldkamp, Michael F. Goldhagens unwillige Kirche. Alte und neue Fälschungen über Kirche und Papst während der NS-Herrschaft. München: Olzog-Verlag, 2003. ISBN 3-7892-8127-1
  • Finkelstein, Norman & Birn, Ruth Bettina. A Nation On Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth. New York: Henry Holt, 1998. ISBN 0-8050-5871-0
  • Guttenplan, D. D. The Holocaust on Trial. New York: Norton, 2001. ISBN 0-393-02044-4
  • Kwiet, Konrad: “‘Hitler’s Willing Executioners’ and ‘Ordinary Germans’: Some Comments on Goldhagen’s Ideas”. Jewish Studies Yearbook 1 (2000).
  • LaCapra, Dominick. “Perpetrators and Victims: The Goldhagen Debate and Beyond,” in LaCapra, D. Writing History, Writing Trauma Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001, 114-140.
  • Pohl, Dieter. "Die Holocaust-Forschung und Goldhagens Thesen," Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 45 (1997).
  • Rychlak, Ronald. "Goldhagen vs. Pius XII" First Things (June/July 2002) [1]
  • Shandley, Robert & Riemer, Jeremiah (eds.) Unwilling Germans? The Goldhagen Debate. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8166-3101-8
  • Stern, Fritz. "The Goldhagen Controversy: The Past Distorted" in Einstein's German World, 272-288. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-691-05939-X
  • Wesley, Frank. The Holocaust and Anti-semitism: the Goldhagen Argument and Its Effects. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1999. ISBN 1-57309-235-5
  • The “Willing Executioners/Ordinary Men” Debate: Selections from the Symposium, April 8, 1996, introduced by Michael Berenbaum (Washington, D.C.: USHMM, 2001).

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