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[[Image:Rota do âmbar.jpg|thumb|250px|The Amber Road]] |
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The '''Amber Road''' was an ancient [[trade route]] for the transfer of [[amber]]. As one of the waterways and ancient highways, for centuries the road led from [[Europe]] to [[Asia]] and back, and from northern Africa to the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. |
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An important raw material, amber was transported from the [[North Sea]] and [[Baltic Sea]] coasts overland by way of the [[Vistula]] and [[Dnieper River|Dnieper]] rivers to [[Italy]], [[Greece]], the [[Black Sea]], and [[Egypt]] thousands of years ago, and long after. |
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In [[Roman Empire|Roman]] times, a main route ran south from the Baltic coast in [[Prussia (region)|Prussia]] through the land of the [[Boii]] (modern [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]]) to the head of the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The Egyptian pharaoh [[Tutankhamun]] had Baltic amber among his burial goods,{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} and amber was sent from the North Sea to the temple of [[Apollo]] at [[Delphi]] as an offering. From the [[Black Sea]], trade could continue to Asia along the [[Silk Road]], another ancient trade route. |
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The [[Old Prussians|Old Prussian]] towns of [[Mokhovoye|Kaup]] and [[Truso]] on the Baltic were the starting points of the route to the south. In [[Scandinavia]] the amber road probably gave rise to the thriving [[Nordic Bronze Age]] culture, bringing influences from the Mediterranean Sea to the northernmost countries of Europe. |
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Sometimes the [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] is called the Янтарный край, which means the Amber area. |
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==Names== |
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*{{lang-hr|Jantarski put}} |
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*{{lang-cs|Jantarová stezka}} |
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*{{lang-de|Bernsteinstraße}} |
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*{{lang-et|Merevaigutee}} |
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*{{lang-fr|Route de l'ambre}} |
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*{{lang-hu|Borostyánút}} |
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*{{lang-it|Via dell'Ambra}} |
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*{{lang-lv|Dzintara Ceļš}} |
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*{{lang-lt|Gintaro kelias}} |
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*{{lang-pl|Szlak Bursztynowy}} or ''Jantarowy Szlak'' |
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*{{lang-ru|Янтарный путь}} |
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*{{lang-sr|Ćilibarski put}} |
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*{{lang-sk|Jantárová cesta}} |
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*{{lang-sl|Jantarjeva pot}} |
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*{{lang-vi|Con đường hổ phách}} |
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==Overview of known amber finding places in Europe== |
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{{Disputed-section|date=July 2010}} |
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Amber roads connect [[amber finding locations]] to customer sites in Europe, in the Middle East regions and in the Far East. |
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[[Image:Amber sources in Europe.jpg|thumb|250px|Amber finding locations in Europe]] |
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==Overview of known amber roads by country== |
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{{Disputed-section|date=July 2010}} |
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{{Ref improve section|date=January 2008}} |
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===Central Europe=== |
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The shortest (and possibly oldest) road avoids [[Alpine climate|alpine]] areas and led from the Baltic coastline ([[Estonia]]) through [[Poland]], [[Silesia]], passed the [[Moravian Gate]], followed the river [[Morava River (Central Europe)|Morava]] to [[Slovakia]], where it crossed the [[Danube]] to [[Austria]] near [[Carnuntum]], heading southwards down to [[Aquileia]] at the [[Adriatic]] coast. One of the oldest directions of the last stage of the Amber Road to the south of Danube, noted in the myth about the [[Argonauts]], used [[Sava]] and [[Kupa (river)|Kupa]] rivers in [[Croatia]] ending with short continental road from ''Nauportus'' ([[Brod na Kupi]]) to ''Tarsatica'' (Trsat, [[Rijeka]]) at the coast of Adriatic.<ref>Edith Hamilton, ''Mythology'', 1999</ref> |
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===Germany=== |
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[[Image:German Amber Roads.gif|thumb|right|250px|Amber Roads in Germany]] |
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Several roads connected the North Sea and Baltic Seas, especially the city of [[Hamburg]] to the [[Brenner Pass]], proceeding southwards to [[Brindisi]] in Italy and Ambracia (Greece). ''(See map at right)'' |
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===Switzerland=== |
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The [[Switzerland|Swiss]] region indicates a number of alpine roads, concentrating around the capital city [[Bern]] and probably originating from the borders of the [[Rhône River]] and the [[Rhine]]. |
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===The Netherlands=== |
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A small section, including [[Baarn]], [[Barneveld]], [[Amersfoort]] and [[Amerongen]], connected the North Sea with the Lower Rhine. |
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===Belgium=== |
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A small section, led southwards from [[Antwerp]] and [[Bruges]] to the towns Braine-l’Alleud and Braine-le-Comte, both originally named "Brennia-Brenna".{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} The route continued by following the [[Meuse River]] towards [[Bern]] in Switzerland. |
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===France=== |
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Three routes may be identified leading from an amber finding region or delta at the mouth of River Openia towards Bresse and Bern, crossing the Alps to Switzerland and Italy. |
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===Southern France and Spain=== |
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Routes connecting amber finding locations at Ambares (near [[Bordeaux]]), leading to [[Béarn]] and the Pyrenees. Routes connecting the amber finding locations in northern Spain and in the Pyrenees were a trading route to the Mediterranean Sea. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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*[http://www.amberroad.net Amber Road] |
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*[http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCEm0100.html OWTRAD-scientific description of the amber road in Poland] |
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*[http://www.ciolek.com/owtrad.html Old World Traditional Trade Routes (OWTRAD) Project] |
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*[http://www.american.edu/TED/amber.htm Amber route along the river Elbe] |
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* [http://www.joannesrichter.homepage.t-online.de/Androgyn/SpellingTUI.pdf Joannes Richter - "Spelling Thee, U & I - Introducing into the art of amber trading & Initiation in the great Androgyne Religion"] (pdf file) |
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* [http://www.joannesrichter.homepage.t-online.de/Androgyn/Bernsteinrouten_BK.pdf Joannes Richter - "Die Bernsteinroute bei Backnang"] (pdf file) |
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<br> |
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{{Trade route 2}} |
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{{Commons category|Amber Way}} |
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[[Category:Trade routes]] |
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[[Category:History of Europe]] |
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[[Category:Prehistory of Poland (until 966)]] |
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[[Category:History of Prussia]] |
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[[ca:Ruta de l'ambre]] |
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[[cs:Jantarová stezka]] |
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[[de:Bernsteinstraße]] |
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[[es:Ruta del ámbar]] |
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[[eo:Sukcena Vojo]] |
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[[fr:Route de l'ambre]] |
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[[ko:호박의 길]] |
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[[hr:Jantarski put]] |
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[[it:Via dell'Ambra]] |
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[[he:דרך הענבר]] |
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[[la:Via Sucinaria]] |
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[[lt:Gintaro kelias]] |
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[[hu:Borostyánút]] |
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[[nl:Barnsteenroute]] |
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[[ja:琥珀の道]] |
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[[pl:Szlak bursztynowy]] |
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[[pt:Rota do Âmbar]] |
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[[ru:Янтарный путь]] |
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[[sk:Jantárová cesta (história)]] |
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[[sh:Jantarni put]] |
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[[fi:Pronssikauden meripihkakauppa]] |
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[[sv:Bärnstensvägen]] |
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[[th:เส้นทางสายอำพัน]] |
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[[tr:Kehribar Yolu]] |
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[[zh:琥珀之路]] |
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Revision as of 12:51, 13 November 2010
ALL YOUR PAGE ARE BELONG TO US. RESISTANCE IS FUTILE.