Bowenite: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:serpentine-bowenite.jpg|right|frame|Polished slab of bowenite serpentine, a variety of [[antigorite]].]] |
[[Image:serpentine-bowenite.jpg|right|frame|Polished slab of bowenite serpentine, a variety of [[antigorite]].]] |
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'''Bowenite''' is a hard, compact variety of the [[serpentinite]] species [[antigorite]], (Mg<sub>3</sub>(OH)O<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<ref>[http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/cms/pdf-library/minerals/minerals-overview-pdfs-1/CO11916_7_Pounamu.pdf]</ref>. Classed as semi-precious gem stone<ref>[http://www.ri.gov/facts/factsfigures.php]</ref> it has been used |
'''Bowenite''' is a hard, compact variety of the [[serpentinite]] species [[antigorite]], (Mg<sub>3</sub>(OH)O<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<ref>[http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/cms/pdf-library/minerals/minerals-overview-pdfs-1/CO11916_7_Pounamu.pdf]</ref>. Classed as semi-precious gem stone<ref>[http://www.ri.gov/facts/factsfigures.php]</ref> it has been used for tools, weapons and jewellery by the [[Māori people|Māori]] in [[New Zealand]], and for jewellery by [[House of Fabergé|Fabergé]]<ref>[http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5307035]</ref>. Deposits are found in several places around the world including [[Afghanistan]], [[China]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]] and the [[United States]]. It typically ranges in colour from a dark to green, and in shades approaching yellow. Bowenite was named by [[James D. Dana]] in 1850 after George T. Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822. |
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[[Image:Pounamu pendant.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Pounamu pendant.]] |
[[Image:Pounamu pendant.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Pounamu pendant.]] |
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Together with [[nephrite jade]] the Māori class bowenite as [[pounamu]], which is also known as ''greenstone'', and is of particular significance to the [[Ngai Tahu]] [[iwi]] on whose traditional lands on the [[South Island]] of New |
Together with [[nephrite jade]] the Māori class bowenite as [[pounamu]], which is also known as ''greenstone'', and is of particular significance to the [[Ngai Tahu]] [[iwi]] on whose traditional lands on the [[South Island]] of New Zealand most deposits are found<ref>[http://www.crownminerals.govt.nz/cms/pdf-library/minerals/minerals-overview-pdfs-1/CO11916_7_Pounamu.pdf]</ref>. Historically it was used tools, weapons and ornaments, although modern use is limited to [[Jade#Māori|jewellery]], such as [[Hei-tiki|Tiki]]<ref>[http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/exhibitions/pounamu/Artworks.aspx?pirn=1987&oirn=69886]</ref><ref>[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/gemstones/1/5]</ref><ref>[http://www.atonz.com/new_zealand/greenstone.html]</ref>. The South Island deposits are legally protected, and taking material without Ngai Tahu permission has led to prosecutions<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/336542]</ref>. In 1992 Ngai Tahu approved the 'Pounamu Resource Management Plan' to manage deposits of this commercially valuable resource<ref>[http://www.ngaitahu.iwi.nz/Ngai-Tahu-Whanui/Natural-Environment/Environmental-Policy-Planning/Pounamu-Management-Plan.php</ref>. |
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Bowenite is the the [[state mineral]] of the [[US state]] of [[Rhode Island]]<ref>[http://www.ri.gov/facts/factsfigures.php]</ref>. |
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Most deposits of bowenite are small, although a large deposit was discovered in South Africa in 1989. The largest known artifact made of bowenite is a carving approximately 35 cm in size, which resides in the National Museum of China. Deposits in China are in the [[Soochow]] region, which accounts for its also being known as ''Soochow jade''. {{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} |
Most deposits of bowenite are small, although a large deposit was discovered in South Africa in 1989. The largest known artifact made of bowenite is a carving approximately 35 cm in size, which resides in the National Museum of China. Deposits in China are in the [[Soochow]] region, which accounts for its also being known as ''Soochow jade''. {{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} |
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Revision as of 00:52, 11 March 2011
Bowenite is a hard, compact variety of the serpentinite species antigorite, (Mg3(OH)O4Si2O5)[1]. Classed as semi-precious gem stone[2] it has been used for tools, weapons and jewellery by the Māori in New Zealand, and for jewellery by Fabergé[3]. Deposits are found in several places around the world including Afghanistan, China, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States. It typically ranges in colour from a dark to green, and in shades approaching yellow. Bowenite was named by James D. Dana in 1850 after George T. Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822.
Together with nephrite jade the Māori class bowenite as pounamu, which is also known as greenstone, and is of particular significance to the Ngai Tahu iwi on whose traditional lands on the South Island of New Zealand most deposits are found[4]. Historically it was used tools, weapons and ornaments, although modern use is limited to jewellery, such as Tiki[5][6][7]. The South Island deposits are legally protected, and taking material without Ngai Tahu permission has led to prosecutions[8]. In 1992 Ngai Tahu approved the 'Pounamu Resource Management Plan' to manage deposits of this commercially valuable resource[9].
Bowenite is the the state mineral of the US state of Rhode Island[10].
Most deposits of bowenite are small, although a large deposit was discovered in South Africa in 1989. The largest known artifact made of bowenite is a carving approximately 35 cm in size, which resides in the National Museum of China. Deposits in China are in the Soochow region, which accounts for its also being known as Soochow jade. [citation needed]
References
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