Robert Payne (author)

For other people named Robert Payne, see Robert Payne (disambiguation).

Pierre Stephen Robert Payne (4 December 1911 – 3 March 1983), was a novelist, historian, poet, and biographer.

Born in Cornwall, the son of an English naval architect, and with a French mother. He worked as a shipbuilder and then for a time with the Inland Revenue. In 1941 he became an armament officer and chief camouflage officer for British Army Intelligence at Singapore. In the summer of 1946, Payne traveled to China and visited with and interviewed Mao Zedong in Yenan. During the interview Mao correctly predicted that it would only take the Communist forces a year and a half to conquer China once the armistice with Chiang Kai-shek and his followers was broken.

Payne had more than 110 books published, novels, histories and biographies. He was best known for the biographies, which included studies of Charlie Chaplin, Greta Garbo, Hitler, Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, Gandhi, Albert Schweitzer, Dostoyevsky, Ivan the Terrible, Chiang Kai-shek, Karl Marx, Mao Zedong, Sun Yat-sen, André Malraux, Shakespeare, Alexander the Great, The White Rajahs of Sarawak and George C. Marshall.

As a novelist, Payne used the pseudonyms Richard Cargoe, John Anthony Devon, Howard Horne, Valentin Tikhonov, and Robert Young. For his biographies, he wrote under the name Robert Payne. In 1954, he published a pastiche novella, The Deluge, as Leonardo da Vinci; the book was mostly Payne's writing, incorporating "fragmentary da Vinci notes."

Selected works

• Chungking Diary published by W. Heinemann (London, Toronto) (1945)(no ISBN)
• Mao Tse Tung Ruler of Red China (1950). Revised editions published as Portrait of a revolutionary: Mao Tse-tung (1961) and Mao Tse-tung (1969). All editions include an historical account of China from the Taiping Rebellion, but are centered around Mao's life and philosophy
• The Wanton Nymph: A Study of Pride published by William Heinemann, Ltd. London (1951)(no ISBN)
• The Deluge, Twayne 1954 (as Leonardo da Vinci) (no ISBN)
• A House in Peking Doubleday (1956) (no ISBN)
• The Holy Fire: The Story of the Early Centuries of the Christian Church in the Near East Harper, New York (1957)(ISBN 913836-61-3)
• The Holy Sword Harper & Brothers (published in 1957; republished in 1987 under the title The History of Islam)
• The Three Worlds of Albert Schweitzer, Thomas Nelson & Sons, London, 1957
• The Gold of Troy - The story of Heinrich Schliemann and the buried cities of ancient Greece Funk & Wagnalls, NY (1959) Library of Congress catalog number 58-11361
• Hubris: A Study of Pride Harper Torch Books NY (1960) (no ISBN), with an introduction by Sir Herbert Read. Hubris is a revised paperback version of The Wanton Nymph: A Study of Pride.

Walter Kaufmann footnotes Hubris in his book Tragedy and Philosophy. He wrote that Few have crowded as many popular misconceptions about Aeschylus and Sophocles into as few pages as has Robert Payne in Hubris: A Study of Pride (1960), 20-31, p.63

• The Splendour of Greece published by Hale (London) (1961)(no ISBN)
• Lawrence of Arabia: a triumph published by Pyramid Books (1962)
• The Splendour of Israel Robert Hale, London (1963)
• The Triumph of the Greeks Hamish Hamilton, London (1964)
• The Life and Death of Lenin Simon and Schuster (1964) (no ISBN)
• Marx Simon and Schuster (1968)Library of Congress Catalog number 68-11014
• Caravaggio, A Novel, published by Little Brown and Company, 1968 Library of Congress number, 68-17272
• The Life and Death of Mahatma Gandhi, E.P. Dutton, 1969
• Eyewitness: A Personal Account of a Tumultuous Decade, 1937-1946 Doubleday (1972) (no ISBN)
• The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler Praeger (1973) (no ISBN)

This biography is tremendously flawed. It is widely acknowledged that Payne relied on flawed sources -- including Bridget Dowling (Alois Hitler, Jr.'s Irish wife) for a completely fictional year spent in England. However, one reviewer on Amazon.com wrote: "in my opinion [it is] the most readable and enjoyable of the English-language biographies on that infamous tyrant.... It is of course undeniably true that there are several glaring errors in Payne's research on Hitler which were exposed by subsequent biographers; it is equally true that he relied very heavily on source material of dubious authenticity to fill in various gaps in Hitler's life. Payne devotes an entire chapter to Hitler's visit to England in the early 1900s, a visit which apparently never happened; he also writes extensively on secret negotiations between Germany and the USSR which supposedly took place in 1943 and which also may never have occurred. These mistakes (and others) are glaring and embarrassing, but readers would do well to remember that Payne was writing in 1968, long before the collapse of East Germany and the Soviet Union, and had much more restricted access to documents than did, for example, Ian Kershaw. He was also trying much harder to paint a picture of Adolf Hitler, the human being, than was Kershaw, Bullock, or Toland, who were more concerned with trying to weave Hitler's life into the fabric of his times - i.e. to tell the "whole story" of the Nazi era. It is in this last category - Hitler the person - that Payne succeeds where the others often falter. If his details occasionally stray into the erroneous, his reconstruction of Hitler's youth in Braunau and Linz, his self-imposed misery in Vienna, his life as a soldier during the Great War, and the tumultuous early days of the National Socialist movement are all brought to life with the vividness of a novel. Payne may only be a second-tier historian, but he has the gift, as does John Keegan, of using prose to elevate facts, figures, dates and events into the realms the dramatic. He brings to life in vivid terms the beer-hall brawls, the back-room deals, the raucous political rallies, and the frequent moments of despair which often gripped the movement as it struggled for power, never letting us lose sight of the man who was behind it all.... I would recommend it highly for people who are interested in achieving a personal understanding one of the most enigmatic and terrible men in history."

• The Corrupt Society: From Ancient Greece to Present-Day America Praeger (1975) ISBN 0-275-51020-4
• Ivan the Terrible co-authored with Nikita Romanoff Crowell-Collier (1975) ISBN 0690005822
• Leonardo, a 1978 biography of Leonardo da Vinci in which Payne asserts that the Mona Lisa is a portrait of Isabella of Aragon and that the traditional chalk self-portrait of da Vinci is actually a portrait of his father.
• The Dream and the Tomb Stein and Day (published posthumously in 1984)

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Halberstam, David (2007). The Coldest WInter - America and the Korean War. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 978-140130-052-4. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

Web

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