Father Millet Cross: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Father-Millet-Cross-01.jpg|thumb|260px|Father Millet Cross and North Redoubt, 1967]] |
[[File:Father-Millet-Cross-01.jpg|thumb|260px|Father Millet Cross and North Redoubt, 1967]] |
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The '''Father Millet Cross''' is a memorial on the grounds of [[Fort Niagara]] in [[Youngstown, New York]]. The {{convert|18|ft|m|1|adj=on}} [[bronze]] cross is a replacement for the wooden cross erected by [[Pierre Millet]] at the [[New France|New French]] [[Fort Denonville]] in 1688.<ref name="review">{{Citation| last=Borresen| first=Thor| publication-date=1939 July| title=Father Millet Cross: America's Smallest National Monument| periodical=The Regional Review| publisher=[[National Park Service]]| volume=III| issue=1| url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/regional_review/vol3-1e.htm| accessdate=2009-05-18}}</ref> During the preceding winter disease and starvation overwhelmed the fort's garrison of a hundred men and only twelve of them were saved by a rescue party. With this rescue party was Father Millet, a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] missionary, who on [[Good Friday]] (April 16) celebrated [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] and erected and dedicated upon the site a cross invoking God's mercy for the plague-stricken men.<ref name="glimpses">{{citation |title=Glimpses of Historical Areas East of the Mississippi River Administered by the National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/glimpses3/glimpses1b.htm |accessdate=2009-05-18 |date=1937 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> On the beam of the cross is inscribed: "REGN. VINC. IMP. CHRS." |
The '''Father Millet Cross''' is a memorial on the grounds of [[Fort Niagara]] in [[Youngstown, New York]]. The {{convert|18|ft|m|1|adj=on}} [[bronze]] cross is a replacement for the wooden cross erected by [[Pierre Millet]] at the [[New France|New French]] [[Fort Denonville]] in 1688.<ref name="review">{{Citation| last=Borresen| first=Thor| publication-date=1939 July| title=Father Millet Cross: America's Smallest National Monument| periodical=The Regional Review| publisher=[[National Park Service]]| volume=III| issue=1| url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/regional_review/vol3-1e.htm| accessdate=2009-05-18}}</ref> During the preceding winter disease and starvation overwhelmed the fort's garrison of a hundred men and only twelve of them were saved by a rescue party. With this rescue party was Father Millet, a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] missionary, who on [[Good Friday]] (April 16) celebrated [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] and erected and dedicated upon the site a cross invoking God's mercy for the plague-stricken men.<ref name="glimpses">{{citation |title=Glimpses of Historical Areas East of the Mississippi River Administered by the National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/glimpses3/glimpses1b.htm |accessdate=2009-05-18 |date=1937 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> On the beam of the cross is inscribed: "REGN. VINC. IMP. CHRS." or ''Regnat, Vincit, Imperat, Christus,'' or King, Conquering Commander, Anointed<ref name="review" /><ref>"Christ reigns, wins, and rules."</ref> |
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On September 5, 1925, [[Calvin Coolidge]] by [[Antiquities Act|presidential proclamation]] set aside {{convert|0.0074|acre|sqft m2|-1}} of Fort Niagara Military Reservation "for the erection of another cross commemorative of the cross erected and blessed by Father Millett [''[[sic]]'']."<ref name="orders">{{citation |editor=Thomas Alan Sullivan |title=Proclamations and Orders Relating to the National Park Service: Up to January 1, 1945 |url=http://www.nps.gov/legal/parklaws/PROCLAMATIONS_1946.pdf |accessdate= 2009-05-18 |date=1947 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office| location=Washington, D.C.| page=181}} (Proclamation No. 1745—Sept. 5, 1925—44 Stat. 2582)</ref><ref>This was similar to the purpose of the [[Cabrillo National Monument]] proclamation.</ref> It was the smallest [[National Monument (United States)|national monument]] ever established.<ref name="review" /><ref name="act">{{citation |title=Antiquites Act: Monument List |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/archeology/sites/antiquities/MonumentsList.htm |accessdate=2009-05-20 |publisher=National Park Service Archeology Program}}. (The next smallest listed is [[African Burial Ground National Monument|African Burial Ground]] at {{convert|0.345|acre|m2|-1}}.)</ref> In 1926 the New York State [[Knights of Columbus]] dedicated the memorial cross "not only to Father Millet, but to those other priests whose heroism took Christianity into the wilderness and whose devotion sought to create in this new world a new France."<ref name="glimpses" /> It stands today on the shore of [[Lake Ontario]] just west of the fort's north [[redoubt]]. |
On September 5, 1925, [[Calvin Coolidge]] by [[Antiquities Act|presidential proclamation]] set aside {{convert|0.0074|acre|sqft m2|-1}} of Fort Niagara Military Reservation "for the erection of another cross commemorative of the cross erected and blessed by Father Millett [''[[sic]]'']."<ref name="orders">{{citation |editor=Thomas Alan Sullivan |title=Proclamations and Orders Relating to the National Park Service: Up to January 1, 1945 |url=http://www.nps.gov/legal/parklaws/PROCLAMATIONS_1946.pdf |accessdate= 2009-05-18 |date=1947 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office| location=Washington, D.C.| page=181}} (Proclamation No. 1745—Sept. 5, 1925—44 Stat. 2582)</ref><ref>This was similar to the purpose of the [[Cabrillo National Monument]] proclamation.</ref> It was the smallest [[National Monument (United States)|national monument]] ever established.<ref name="review" /><ref name="act">{{citation |title=Antiquites Act: Monument List |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/archeology/sites/antiquities/MonumentsList.htm |accessdate=2009-05-20 |publisher=National Park Service Archeology Program}}. (The next smallest listed is [[African Burial Ground National Monument|African Burial Ground]] at {{convert|0.345|acre|m2|-1}}.)</ref> In 1926 the New York State [[Knights of Columbus]] dedicated the memorial cross "not only to Father Millet, but to those other priests whose heroism took Christianity into the wilderness and whose devotion sought to create in this new world a new France."<ref name="glimpses" /> It stands today on the shore of [[Lake Ontario]] just west of the fort's north [[redoubt]]. |
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Revision as of 20:33, 2 October 2011
The Father Millet Cross is a memorial on the grounds of Fort Niagara in Youngstown, New York. The 18-foot (5.5 m) bronze cross is a replacement for the wooden cross erected by Pierre Millet at the New French Fort Denonville in 1688.[1] During the preceding winter disease and starvation overwhelmed the fort's garrison of a hundred men and only twelve of them were saved by a rescue party. With this rescue party was Father Millet, a Jesuit missionary, who on Good Friday (April 16) celebrated Mass and erected and dedicated upon the site a cross invoking God's mercy for the plague-stricken men.[2] On the beam of the cross is inscribed: "REGN. VINC. IMP. CHRS." or Regnat, Vincit, Imperat, Christus, or King, Conquering Commander, Anointed[1][3]
On September 5, 1925, Calvin Coolidge by presidential proclamation set aside 0.0074 acres (320 sq ft; 30 m2) of Fort Niagara Military Reservation "for the erection of another cross commemorative of the cross erected and blessed by Father Millett [sic]."[4][5] It was the smallest national monument ever established.[1][6] In 1926 the New York State Knights of Columbus dedicated the memorial cross "not only to Father Millet, but to those other priests whose heroism took Christianity into the wilderness and whose devotion sought to create in this new world a new France."[2] It stands today on the shore of Lake Ontario just west of the fort's north redoubt.
Father Millet Cross National Monument was originally administered by the War Department but was transferred to the National Park Service in 1933 by executive order.[7] In 1945, Fort Niagara was declared surplus by the U.S. Army and plans were laid to convert the site to a state park. On September 7, 1949, Congress abolished the national monument and transferred the memorial to the state of New York for public use as part of Fort Niagara State Park.[8]
References
- ^ a b c Borresen, Thor (1939 July), "Father Millet Cross: America's Smallest National Monument", The Regional Review, vol. III, no. 1, National Park Service, retrieved 2009-05-18
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|publication-date=(help) - ^ a b Glimpses of Historical Areas East of the Mississippi River Administered by the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1937, retrieved 2009-05-18
- ^ "Christ reigns, wins, and rules."
- ^ Thomas Alan Sullivan, ed. (1947), Proclamations and Orders Relating to the National Park Service: Up to January 1, 1945 (PDF), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 181, retrieved 2009-05-18 (Proclamation No. 1745—Sept. 5, 1925—44 Stat. 2582)
- ^ This was similar to the purpose of the Cabrillo National Monument proclamation.
- ^ Antiquites Act: Monument List, National Park Service Archeology Program, retrieved 2009-05-20. (The next smallest listed is African Burial Ground at 0.345 acres (1,400 m2).)
- ^ Thomas Alan Sullivan, ed. (1944), Laws Relating to the National Park Service: Supplement I, July 1933 through April 1944 (PDF), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 205–207, retrieved 2009-05-18 [Executive Order No. 6228 of July 28, 1933 (5 U.S.C. secs. 124-132)]
- ^ Hillory A. Tolson, ed. (1963), Laws Relating to the National Park Service: Supplement II, May 1944 to January 1963 (PDF), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 416, retrieved 2009-05-18 (63 Stat. 691)