Benidorm: Difference between revisions
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{{For|the TV series|Benidorm (TV series)}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Benidorm |
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| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]] |
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| official_name = <!-- if different from name --> |
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| native_name = <!-- if different from name --> |
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| image_skyline = Benidorm2.jpg |
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| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = View over Benidorm, Costa Blanca |
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| image_flag = |
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| image_shield = Escut de Benidorm.svg |
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| nickname = "Beniyork" "Beni" |
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| motto = |
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| image_map = |
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| map_caption = |
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| pushpin_map = Spain |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Valencian Community}} |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Alicante (province)|Alicante]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Comarca]] |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Marina Baixa]] |
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| subdivision_type4 = [[Judicial district]] |
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| subdivision_name4 = Benidorm |
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| seat_type = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] --> |
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| seat = |
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| latd = 38|latm = 32|lats = 03|latNS = N |
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| longd= 0|longm = 07|longs= 53|longEW= W |
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| coordinates_type = region:ES_type:city |
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| coordinates_display = inline,title |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 15 |
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| elevation_min_m = |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 38.51 |
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| established_title = <!-- Founded --> |
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| established_date = |
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| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> |
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| population_total = 71198 |
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| population_as_of = 2010 |
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| population_demonym = [[Spanish Language|Sp.]]: Benidormense<br>[[Valencian|Cat.]]: Benidormer/a |
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| population_note = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| blank_name_sec1 = [[Languages of Spain|Official language(s)]] |
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| blank_info_sec1 = [[Valencian]], [[Spanish Language|Spanish]] |
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| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| utc_offset = +1 |
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| utc_offset_DST = +2 |
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| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]] |
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| postal_code = 03501-03503 |
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| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]] |
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| area_code = |
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| leader_title = [[Alcalde]] |
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| leader_name = Agustín Navarro (2009) |
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| leader_party = [[PSPV-PSOE|PSPV]] |
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| website = {{official|http://www.benidorm.org}} |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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'''Benidorm''' ({{IPA-ca|beniˈðɔɾm|langva}}, {{IPA-es|beniˈðor|lang}}) is a coastal town and [[Municipalities of Spain|municipality]] located in the ''[[Comarques of the Valencian Community|comarca]]'' of [[Marina Baixa]], in the [[province of Alicante]], [[Valencian community]], Spain, by the [[Western Mediterranean]]. |
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Prior to the 1960s, Benidorm was a small village. Today it stands out for its hotel industry, beaches and skyscrapers, built as a result of its tourist-oriented economy. According to the 2010 census, Benidorm has a permanent population of 71,198 inhabitants, ranking as the fifth most populous town in the Alicante province. It is one of the most important [[holiday resort]]s in Spain, with an area of 38.5 km² and a [[population density]] of 1,848.8 inhab/km². Due to the unique skyline formed by its numerous tall hotels and apartment buildings it is sometimes referred to as the "Manhattan of Spain" or "Beniyork", which is unlike any other on the [[Costa Blanca]] (White Coast). According to the Urban Age project, Benidorm has the most high-rise buildings per capita in the world.<ref>Burdett, Ricky & Sudjic, Deyan. ''The Endless City''. Phaidon Press Ltd. Mar 1, 2008.</ref> Benidorm itself is dwarfed by the 1406 m tall [[Puig Campana]], which is one of the most impressive mountains of the Costa Blanca. |
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==History== |
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It is believed there were settlements in the Benidorm area perhaps as far back as 3000BC including evidence of [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] and [[Punic]] remains. However, settlements in the area were small and it was not until the [[Moor]]s (from whom the town derived its [[Arabic]] origin name) arrived that the local population began to grow. The Christian King [[James I of Aragon]] re-conquered the region in 1245 and Benidorm first officially became known in 1325 when Admiral Bernat De Serria of [[Polop]] awarded it a town charter as a way of removing the Moors and allowing Christians to inhabit the area. Benidorm’s history for the next few centuries was plagued by attacks from the sea by [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] and [[Barbary corsairs|Barbary pirates]]. The 17th century saw things improve for Benidorm and its people, most notably with the construction of an advanced irrigation system in 1666 to channel water to the region. By the 18th century Benidorm fishermen had become famous and sought after all over Spain and beyond. [[Tuna]] was their main catch and they perfected the ancient [[almadraba]] technique passed down from the Arabs. The success of the fishing industry, together with improved local agriculture, helped to fuel a strong local economy. Coastal traffic increased too, bringing more wealth to the region with the town becoming a base for sea captains and the building of their vessels. In 1952 Benidorm’s fishing industry went into decline; a factor in encouraging the town council to approve many new development plans aimed at the tourist market. Today the town is Europe and Spain’s biggest holiday resort and responsible for a significant chunk of Spain’s large tourist industry, with five million tourist arrivals per year.<ref>[http://www.holiday-weather.com/benidorm/history.html History of Benidorm]</ref> |
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==Local politics== |
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After giving the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] majorities or pluralities in elections from the restoration of democracy in 1977, Benidorm has favoured the right wing [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP) since the general elections of 1993.<ref>[http://www1.pre.gva.es/pls/argos_elec/DMEDB_ElecMunicipios.informeElec?aNMuniid=3031&aVLengua=v election results in Benidorm]</ref> The PP gained control of the local council at the 1995 local elections and won 14 of the 25 council seats in the 1999 and 2003 elections. The 2007 election gave them a one seat majority over the PSOE<ref>[http://www1.pre.gva.es/pls/argos_elec/DMEDB_Elecmunicipios.informeElecDetallado?aNMuniId=3031&aNNumElec=1&aVTipoElec=L&aVFechaElec=2007&aVLengua=v 2007 local election]</ref> however disagreements in the PP group led to a motion of censure being passed against the PP mayor in Se ptember 2009 and he was replaced by the socialist Agustín Navarro.<ref>[http://www.lasprovincias.es/valencia/20090922/local/politica/mocion-censura-benidorm-200909221032.html Las Provincias 22 September 2009]</ref> |
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As of the 2011 local elections, the political composition on the local council is: |
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{| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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|- |
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! colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top" | '''Party'''<ref>http://elecciones.mir.es/resultados2011/99MU/DMU1703903199_L1.htm?d=756&e=0</ref> |
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! valign="top"| '''Seats''' |
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|- |
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|{{Party name with color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}} |
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| 11 |
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|- |
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|{{Party name with color|People's Party (Spain)}} |
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| 11 |
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|- |
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|{{Party name with color|Liberal Democratic Centre}} |
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| 3 |
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|- |
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|} |
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==Geography== |
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The city is divided into five parts, ''Poniente'' (''Ponent'') and ''Levante'' (''Llevant''), each fronted by a beach of the same name, the old town (also called ''El Castell''), ''La Cala'' situated to the west side of Poniente and ''El Rincón de Loix'' or ''El Racó de l'Oix'' situated to the east side of Levante. Between the two beaches lies a rocky promontory and the port. The old city occupies the promontory and the area immediately inland, while most of the hotels occupy the more recently developed sections inland from the two beaches. A few miles from shore is an uninhabited [[Benidorm Island|island]] which provides a dramatic centrepiece to the seascape. |
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In 1954 [[Pedro Zaragoza| Pedro Zaragoza Orts]], the then young Mayor of Benidorm, created the Plan General de Ordenación (city building plan) that ensured, via a complex construction formula, every building would have an area of ‘leisure’ land, guaranteeing a future free of the excesses of cramped construction seen in other areas of Spain. It is the only city in Spain that still adheres to this rigid rule. Most of the streets in the city are named after places such as Avenida De Uruguay, Avenida Del Mediterraneo, Calle Pekin etc. Avenida Del Mediterraneo is a wide avenue that crosses Levante and links the old town with Rincon. Avenida Europa crosses Levante at right angles linking the western city limits with the Levante beach. Climb to the top of the Serra Gelada, the promontory at the end of the Rincon de Loix, for a view of how green the city is and just how close it is to the mountains. |
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===Climate=== |
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Benidorm has a special [[micro-climate]] all year round thanks to the mountains which surround the town. It enjoys some 3,400 hours of sunshine a year and an average annual temperature on the coast of 18°C (15°C in winter and 26°C in summer). Between December and March the temperature of the sea water is around 15°C.<ref>[http://www.costablancauncovered.com/Benidorm/Benidorm-weather-forecast.html Benidorm weather]</ref>. |
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==Tourism== |
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[[Image:Benidorm uitzicht vanaf het kruis.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial view of Benidorm several years ago]] |
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Benidorm is popular with tourists from the UK, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. Benidorm's initial growth in popularity can be attributed to the [[package holiday]] explosion, and continues year round, due to the night-life based around the central concentration of bars and clubs. The large number of free cabaret acts that start around 21:00 and continue into the early hours set Benidorm apart from other similar resorts. |
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[[File:Benidorm desde el mar 02 JMM.JPG|thumb|right|Poniente Beach's sight in Benidorm.]] |
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[[Image:Sierrahelada.jpg|thumb|right|Benidorm seen from the mountain [[Puig Campana]].]] |
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The author and ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'' journalist [[Giles Tremlett]] identified the resort as the birthplace of package tourism in the book ''Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through a Country's Hidden Past'' and remarked that culturally the resort contradicted conservative notions of National Catholicism that [[General Franco]] had espoused.<ref name=fv>{{cite book|year=2006|first=Giles |last=Tremlett|title=Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through a Country's Hidden Past|publisher=Faber and Faber}}</ref> The accessibility of Benidorm to a wider social strata was also detailed in 1990 by the columnist [[Jani Allan]] describing in the ''[[Sunday Times]]'' "These days you just have to look at the numbers of wide-bodied jets bearing wide-bodied holidaymakers to Benidorm to realise that package holidays and airborne cattle trucks make fun in the sun accessible to everyone."<ref>[[Jani Allan|Allan, Jani]]. British determination to acquire a suntan; Is this the end of burning ambition? ''[[Sunday Times]]'', 6 May 1990</ref> In the 1980s Benidorm developed a reputation for British drunken lager louts and violent binge drinking. This did not happen all year round but mainly in the summer months of July and August.<ref>Clerks Travels 3rd ed 2007</ref> During the 1980s families were put off visiting the resort. However today the problem of drunkenness and lager louts has largely gone and Benidorm has become more mellowed. Many such people tend to visit other places like Ibiza or Malia. Now there is a very good police presence in the town which has greatly improved safety and provided for a good atmosphere. Nightlife is very popular and mainly involves cabaret acts and Tapas bars. The town is now very popular with families. Also, more and more elderly people from Northern Europe decide to stay here during the winter. This made 'Benidorm' into something of a synonym for elderly people in those countries, as can be seen in the Flemish [[candid camera]] program ''[[Benidorm Bastards]]'' (due to appear in the US as ''Betty White's Off Their Rockers'')<ref>[http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=DMF20111122_081 De Standaard Online - De Zweedse 'sexy bitch' en andere Benidorm Bastards] {{nl}}</ref> |
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Benidorm has three major beaches: ''Playa de Levante'' ([[valencian|val.]] ''Platja de Llevant''), ''Playa de Poniente'' ([[valencian|val.]] ''Platja de Ponent'') and ''Platja del Mal Pas''; all of them have a [[Blue Flag beach|blue flag]] since 1987, the maximum quality standard recognized by the [[European Union]]. The [[Gran Hotel Bali]], a [[Star (classification)|four-star]] [[hotel]] located in this city since 2002, is a 186-metre-tall building which stood as the [[List of tallest structures in Spain|tallest skyscraper in Spain]] for five years, until it was surpassed by the [[CTBA]] towers in [[Madrid]], it is however the tallest hotel in Europe. |
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===Events and attractions=== |
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Each summer, since 1959 to 2000, the city celebrated the [[Benidorm International Song Festival]], a song contest where international or Spanish [[celebrity|celebrities]] like [[Julio Iglesias]], [[Raphael (singer)|Raphael]] or the [[Dúo Dinámico]] became famous. |
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Since 2010, In July, Benidorm celebrates an [[Indie Music]] Festival, with national and international music groups, called "Benidorm Low Cost Festival". |
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In 2011, Benidorm hosted the start of the [[2011 Vuelta a España|Vuelta a España]], one of cyclings three grand tours. |
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Benidorm boasts four family-oriented [[theme park]]s: [[Terra Mítica]] and [[Terra Natura]] are inland from the city, at the foot of the mountain and [[Aqualandia]] and [[Mundomar]] are located on the outskirts of the city on the Llevant side. In addition to large shopping and commercial areas. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Benidorm Exercise.JPG|Early morning exercise (organised by the local council) |
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File:Benidorm Singing.JPG|Late morning community singing, in Spanish (organised by the local council) |
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File:Benidorm Playground.JPG|Exercise equipment for senior citizens |
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File:Isla Benidorm.jpg|[[Benidorm Island]] viewed from a beach of the city |
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</gallery> |
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==Demographics== |
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===Ethnicity=== |
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Benidorm is one of the most international towns in Europe and has a high immigrant population. The population in 2010 was 71,198. |
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<ref name="INE">[http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fe245&file=inebase&L= Instituto Nacional de Estadistica],</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ Ethnicity makeup top 10 |
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! '''Country'''!![[Spain]]!![[Great Britain|Britain]]!![[Romania]]!![[Ecuador]]!![[Argentina]]!![[Colombia]]!![[Morocco]]!![[Bulgaria]]!![[China]]!![[Pakistan]] |
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|- |
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| '''Population'''||46,346||5,235||2,828||1,367||1,316||1,178||1,136||1,066||820||779 |
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|- |
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| '''Percentage'''||65.2%||7.4%||4.0%||1.9%||1.9%||1.7%||1.6%||1.5%||1.2%||1.1% |
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|} |
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===Population growth=== |
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{{Demography |
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|1857=3,720 |
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|1887=3,183 |
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|1910=3,498 |
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|1930=3,113 |
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|1950=2,726 |
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|1960=6,259 |
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|1970=12,124 |
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|1981=25,544 |
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|1991=42,442 |
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|1996=50,044 |
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|2001=51,873 |
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|2005=67,492 |
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|2010=71,198}} |
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{{wide image|Atardecer Puerto Benidorm (Alicante).jpg|800px|Sunset in Benidorm}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Benidorm Island]] |
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*[[List of tallest buildings in Benidorm]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Commons|Benidorm}} |
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== External links == |
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* {{wikitravel}} |
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<!-- Don't bother adding your referral link sites - editors will remove ALL sites but the most innocent. --> |
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{{MarinaBaixa}} |
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[[Category:Municipalities in the Province of Alicante]] |
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[[Category:Seaside resorts in Spain]] |
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[[Category:Marina Baixa]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in the Province of Alicante]] |
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[[ar:بينايدورم]] |
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[[an:Benidorm]] |
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[[roa-rup:Benidorm]] |
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[[bg:Бенидорм]] |
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[[fa:بنیدورم]] |
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[[nl:Benidorm (plaats)]] |
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[[ja:ベニドルム]] |
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[[no:Benidorm]] |
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[[uk:Бенідорм]] |
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Revision as of 10:23, 30 January 2012
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