Voiture État à 2 étages: Difference between revisions
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==Service== |
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The Voiture État à 2 étages were used as |
The Voiture État à 2 étages were used as unseparable consists of carriages and used for ''réversibilité'', driving the train from the end passenger car and the steam locomotive pushing, on the [[Réseau Saint-Lazare]]. The often operated once in the morning, bringing labour to work, and once in the evening, taking them back home. they were also briefly used on the [[Réseau Montparnasse]] in shorter consists of six cars. |
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A total of fifty cars were built, these sufficed to carry the increasing suburban traffic of the beginning of the century. They were supplemented by 380 [[Bidel passenger cars]] and 200 [[Electrical ultiple unit|EMUs]]. The last of the class were only withdrawn in 1984, after introduction of the [[Voiture de banlieue à 2 niveaux|VB2N]] in 1975. |
A total of fifty cars were built, these sufficed to carry the increasing suburban traffic of the beginning of the century. They were supplemented by 380 [[Bidel passenger cars]] and 200 [[Electrical ultiple unit|EMUs]]. The last of the class were only withdrawn in 1984, after introduction of the [[Voiture de banlieue à 2 niveaux|VB2N]] in 1975. |
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Revision as of 22:22, 25 March 2012
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 A train made of voiture État à 2 étages at Pont-Cardinet in 1982. | |||||||||
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The Voiture État à deux étages, or approximately translated État double-deck passenger car, were a class of double-deck carriages built for the Chemin de Fer de l'État of France.
Origin
The suburbs of Paris having experience a huge expansion at the beginning of the 20th century, the railway companies serving Île-de-France were confronted with an increasing number of passengers on much longer distances. The Chemin de Fer de l'Ouest's old carriages no longer sufficed and the Chemin de Fer de l'État decided to design a new style of passenger car, capable of transporting passengers on two levels. The purpose was to avoid increasing the length of trains but increase capacity.
The État ordered the first ten carriages which were delivered by Brissonneau et Lotz, now Alstom, in 1933.
Design
The design was revolutionary, and unprecedented. Although unpowered, the VB2N were to have a driving cab at one end and be pushed and pulled by steam locomotives, such as the 141 TC Ouest and 141 TD Ouest. The cars possessed two vestibules each with two sets of doors. At both ends of each carriages was a compartment with doors leading to the following carriage for interconnection. The upper deck had rows of five seats whilst the lower deck had four. The cabins permitted the driver to control the steam engine from the driving cab in the opposite end carriage when the locomotive was pushing.
Service
The Voiture État à 2 étages were used as unseparable consists of carriages and used for réversibilité, driving the train from the end passenger car and the steam locomotive pushing, on the Réseau Saint-Lazare. The often operated once in the morning, bringing labour to work, and once in the evening, taking them back home. they were also briefly used on the Réseau Montparnasse in shorter consists of six cars.
A total of fifty cars were built, these sufficed to carry the increasing suburban traffic of the beginning of the century. They were supplemented by 380 Bidel passenger cars and 200 EMUs. The last of the class were only withdrawn in 1984, after introduction of the VB2N in 1975.
Carriages in preservation
Several Voiture État à 2 étages have been preserved:
- Train à Vapeur de Touraine (TVT)
- Écomusée d'Alsace
- formerly on the Chemin de fer de la Seudre
References
- Template:Fr icon Les trains de banlieue - tome 1, La vie du rail
- Template:Fr icon Paris et l'Île de France - Tome 1: Les réseaux Est, Nord et Saint-Lazare, 2002, Le Train. ISSN 1267-5008