United States Department of Justice: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Government agency |
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|agency_name = Department of Justice |
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|type = Department |
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|seal = US-DeptOfJustice-Seal.svg |
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|seal_width = 140 px |
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|seal_caption = |
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|picture =Usdepartmentofjustice.jpg |
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|formed = {{Start date and years ago|1870|6|22}}<br>{{Start date and years ago|1870|7|1}} |
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|jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States]] |
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|headquarters = [[Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building]]<br />950 [[Pennsylvania Avenue]] [[Northwest, Washington, D.C.|NW]]<br />[[Washington, D.C.]] |
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|coordinates = {{coord|38|53|35.7|N|77|1|29.9|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |
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|employees = 111,993 (2010) |
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|budget = $27.7 billion (2010) |
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|chief1_name = [[Eric Holder]] |
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|chief1_position = [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] |
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|chief2_name = [[James M. Cole]] |
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|chief2_position = [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] |
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|website = [http://www.justice.gov www.justice.gov] |
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}} |
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The '''United States Department of Justice''' ('''DOJ'''), also referred to as the '''Justice Department''', is the [[United States federal executive departments|United States federal executive department]] responsible for the enforcement of the [[law]] and administration of [[justice]], equivalent to the [[Justice ministry|justice]] or [[Interior ministry|interior ministries]] of other countries. |
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The Department is led by the [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]], who is nominated by the [[President of the United States|President]] and [[Advice and consent|confirmed]] by the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and is a member of the [[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]]. The current Attorney General is [[Eric Holder]]. |
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==History== |
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The Attorney General was initially a one-person, part-time job, established by the [[Judiciary Act of 1789]], but this grew with the [[bureaucracy]]. At one time the Attorney General gave legal advice to the [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] as well as the [[President of the United States|President]], but this had stopped by 1819 on account of the workload involved.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} |
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In 1867, the [[U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]], led by Congressman [[William Lawrence (Ohio)|William Lawrence]], conducted an inquiry into the creation of a "law department" headed by the Attorney General and composed of the various department solicitors and [[United States attorney]]s. On February 19, 1868, Lawrence introduced a bill in Congress to create the Department of Justice. This first bill was unsuccessful, however, as Lawrence could not devote enough time to ensure its passage owing to his occupation with the [[impeachment]] of President [[Andrew Johnson]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} |
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A second bill was introduced to Congress by [[Rhode Island]] Representative [[Thomas Jenckes]] on February 25, 1870, and both the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives|House]] passed the bill.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} President [[Ulysses S. Grant]] then signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870. The Department of Justice officially began operations on July 1, 1870.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} |
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The "Act to Establish the Department of Justice" bill did little to change the Attorney General's responsibilities, and his salary and tenure remained the same.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=016/llsl016.db&recNum=197 |title=Act to Establish the Department of Justice |publisher=Memory.loc.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-01-27}}</ref> The law did create a new office, that of [[United States Solicitor General|Solicitor General]], to supervise and conduct government litigation in the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} |
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With the passage of the [[Interstate Commerce Act]] in 1887, the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] began to take on some law enforcement responsibilities, with the Department of Justice tasked to carry out these duties.<ref name="langeluttig-p9">{{cite book |title=The Department of Justice of the United States |author=Langeluttig, Albert |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1927 |pages=9–14}}</ref> |
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In 1884, control of federal prisons was transferred to the new department, from the [[United States Department of Interior|Department of Interior]]. New facilities were built, including the penitentiary at [[United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth|Leavenworth]] in 1895, and a facility for women located in [[West Virginia]], at [[Alderson Federal Prison Camp|Alderson]] was established in 1924.<ref name="langeluttig-p14">{{cite book |title=The Department of Justice of the United States |author=Langeluttig, abby |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1927 |pages=14–15}}</ref> |
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== Headquarters == |
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{{Main|Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building}} |
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The U.S. Department of Justice building was completed in 1935 from a design by [[Milton Bennett Medary]]. Upon Medary's death in 1929, the other partners of his Philadelphia firm [[Zantzinger, Borie and Medary]] took over the project. On a lot bordered by Constitution and Pennsylvania Avenues and Ninth and Tenth Streets, Northwest, it holds over one million square feet of space. The sculptor [[C. Paul Jennewein]] served as overall design consultant for the entire building, contributing more than 50 separate sculptural elements inside and outside. |
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Various efforts, none entirely successful, have been made to determine the meaning of the [[Latin]] motto appearing on the Department of Justice seal, ''Qui Pro Domina Justitia Sequitur''. It is not even known exactly when the original version of the DOJ seal itself was adopted, or when the motto first appeared on the seal. The most authoritative opinion of the DOJ suggests that the motto refers to the Attorney General (and thus to the Department of Justice) "who prosecutes on behalf of justice (or the Lady Justice)" |
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The building was renamed in honor of former Attorney General [[Robert F. Kennedy]] in 2001. It is sometimes referred to as "Main Justice."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,474911,00.html|title=Partisan Civil Rights: Bush's Long History of Politicizing Justice|work=Spiegel Online|date=March 30, 2007|accessdate=2009-07-26|first=Alia|last=Malek}}</ref> |
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[[File:US Department of Justice Organizational Chart.png|thumb|right|500px|Organizational chart for the Dept. of Justice. (Click to enlarge)]] |
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==Organization== |
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===Leadership offices=== |
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*Office of the [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] |
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*Office of the [[United States Deputy Attorney General|Deputy Attorney General]] |
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*Office of the [[United States Associate Attorney General|Associate Attorney General]] |
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*Office of the [[United States Solicitor General|Solicitor General]] |
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===Divisions=== |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division|Antitrust Division]] |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Civil Division|Civil Division]] |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division|Civil Rights Division]] |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Criminal Division|Criminal Division]] |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division|Environment and Natural Resources Division]] (ENRD) |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Justice Management Division|Justice Management Division]] (JMD) |
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*[[United States Department of Justice National Security Division|National Security Division]] (NSD) |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Tax Division|Tax Division]] |
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*[[United States Department of Justice War Division|War Division]] ''(defunct)'' |
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===Law enforcement agencies=== |
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Several [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|federal law enforcement agencies]] are administered by the Department of Justice: |
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*[[United States Marshals Service]] (USMS) |
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*[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) |
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*[[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] (BOP) |
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**[[National Institute of Corrections]] |
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*[[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF) |
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*[[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) |
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*[[United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General|Office of the Inspector General]] (OIG) |
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===Offices=== |
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*[[Executive Office for Immigration Review]] (EOIR) |
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*[[Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys]] (EOUSA) |
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*[[Executive Office of the United States Trustee]] (EOUST) |
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*[[Office of Attorney Recruitment and Management]] |
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*[[Office of the Chief Information Officer]] |
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*[[Office of Dispute Resolution]] |
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*[[Office of the Federal Detention Trustee]] (OFDT) |
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*[[Office of Immigration Litigation]] |
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*[[Office of Information Policy]] |
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*[[Office of Intelligence Policy and Review]] (OIPR) |
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*[[Office of Intergovernmental and Public Liaison]] |
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*[[Office of Justice Programs]] (OJP) |
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**[[Bureau of Justice Assistance]] |
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**[[Bureau of Justice Statistics]] |
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**[[Community Capacity Development Office]] |
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**[[National Institute of Justice]] |
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**[[Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention]] |
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**[[Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking Office (SMART)]] |
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**[[Office for Victims of Crime]] |
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*[[Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education]] |
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*[[Office of Legal Counsel]] (OLC) |
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*[[Office of Legal Policy]] (OLP) |
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*[[Office of Legislative Affairs]] |
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*[[Office of the Ombudsperson]] |
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*[[Office of the Pardon Attorney]] |
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*[[Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties]] (OPCL) |
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*[[Office of Professional Responsibility]] (OPR) |
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*[[Office of Public Affairs]] |
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*[[Office on Sexual Violence and Crimes against Children]] |
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*[[Office of Tribal Justice]] |
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*[[Office on Violence Against Women]] |
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*[[Professional Responsibility Advisory Office]] (PRAO) |
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*[[United States Attorney]]s Offices |
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*[[United States Trustee]]s Offices |
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*Office of [[Community Oriented Policing Services]] (COPS) |
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*[[Community Relations Service]] |
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===Other offices and programs=== |
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*[[Foreign Claims Settlement Commission]] of the United States |
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*[[INTERPOL]], U.S. National Central Bureau |
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*[[National Drug Intelligence Center]] |
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*[[Obscenity Prosecution Task Force]] |
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*[[United States Parole Commission]] |
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In March 2003, the [[United States Immigration and Naturalization Service]] was abolished and its functions transferred to the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]]. The [[Executive Office for Immigration Review]] and the [[Board of Immigration Appeals]] which review decisions made by government officials under Immigration and Nationality law remain under jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Similarly the Office of Domestic Preparedness left the Justice Department for the Department of Homeland Security, but only for executive purposes. The Office of Domestic Preparedness is still centralized within the Department of Justice, since its personnel are still officially employed within the Department of Justice. |
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In 2003, the Department of Justice created LifeAndLiberty.gov, a website that supported the PATRIOT ACT. It was criticized by government watchdog groups.<ref name="dotgovwatch">[http://www.dotgovwatch.com/?/archives/17-Department-of-Justice-Website-Illegally-Lobbies-Congress-LifeAndLiberty.gov.html Dotgovwatch.wom], October 18, 2007</ref> |
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==Finances and budget== |
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The Justice Department was authorized a budget for [[2010 United States federal budget|Fiscal Year 2010]] of $27.7 billion and was authorized 111,993 positions. The budget authorization is broken down as follows:<ref>[http://www.justice.gov/jmd/2011summary/pdf/overview.pdf 2011 Department of Justice Budget Request], United States Department of Justice, Accessed 2011-02-05</ref> |
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{| cellpadding="5" class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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!Program |
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!Funding (in billions) |
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|- |
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|Administration |
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|$0.9 |
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|- |
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|Law Enforcement |
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|$12.7 |
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|- |
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|Litigation |
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|$3 |
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|- |
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|Prisons |
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|$7.6 |
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|- |
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|State and Local Assistance |
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|$3.6 |
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|- |
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|'''Total''' |
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|'''$27.8''' |
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|} |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Government of the United States}} |
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}} |
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* [[Bybee memo]] |
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* [[Capital punishment in the United States]] |
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* [[Incarceration in the United States]] |
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* [[Inslaw]] |
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* [[Justice]] |
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* [[Litigation]] |
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* [[Punishment]] |
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* [[Stare decisis]] |
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* [[United States incarceration rate]] |
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{{div col end}} |
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{{-}} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.justice.gov/ Official website] |
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*[http://www.justice.gov/agencies/index-org.html Organization chart] |
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*[http://thefederalregister.com/b.p/department/DEPARTMENT_OF_JUSTICE/ Department of Justice Meeting Notices and Rule Changes] from The Federal Register [http://thefederalregister.com/rss/department/DEPARTMENT_OF_JUSTICE/ RSS Feed] |
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*[http://publicservice.evendon.com/Justice.html USDOJ Documents] Post 9/11 Memos, OIG Reports ... |
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*[http://publicservice.evendon.com/DOJMemosM.htm 4 Torture Memos] Released 16Apr2009 in response to FOIA suit by ACLU. |
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*[http://openregs.com/agencies/view/23/department_of_justice Proposed and finalized federal regulations from the United States Department of Justice] |
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*Human Rights First; [http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/pdf/090723-LS-in-pursuit-justice-09-update.pdf In Pursuit of Justice: Prosecuting Terrorism Cases in the Federal Courts (2009)] |
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*[http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/April11/scheinbergetalindictmentpr.pdf Justice.gov] Indictment against [[Online poker|internet poker]] using [[Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006|UIGEA]]. |
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*{{WhoRunsGov|institutions/justice}} |
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{{DOJ agencies}} |
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{{USCabinet}} |
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{{United States topics}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Department Of Justice}} |
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[[Category:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States|Department of Justice]] |
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[[Category:Justice ministries]] |
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[[Category:National Central Bureaus of Interpol]] |
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[[Category:Ministries established in 1870]] |
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[[Category:United States Department of Justice| ]] |
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[[Category:1870 establishments in the United States]] |
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[[bg:Министерство на правосъдието на САЩ]] |
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[[ca:Departament de Justícia dels Estats Units]] |
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[[cs:Ministerstvo spravedlnosti Spojených států amerických]] |
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[[da:Justitsministeriet (USA)]] |
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[[de:Justizministerium der Vereinigten Staaten]] |
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[[et:Ameerika Ühendriikide Justiitsministeerium]] |
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[[es:Departamento de Justicia de los Estados Unidos]] |
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[[eo:Usona Ministerio pri Justico]] |
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[[eu:Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Justizia Saila]] |
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[[fa:وزارت دادگستری ایالات متحده آمریکا]] |
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[[fr:Département de la Justice des États-Unis]] |
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[[ko:미국 법무부]] |
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[[hr:Ministarstvo pravosuđa Sjedinjenih Američkih Država]] |
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[[id:Departemen Kehakiman Amerika Serikat]] |
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[[it:Dipartimento di Giustizia degli Stati Uniti d'America]] |
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[[he:מחלקת המשפטים של ארצות הברית]] |
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[[lt:Jungtinių Valstijų teisingumo departamentas]] |
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[[nl:United States Department of Justice]] |
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[[ja:アメリカ合衆国司法省]] |
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[[no:Justisdepartementet (USA)]] |
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[[pl:Departament Sprawiedliwości Stanów Zjednoczonych]] |
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[[pt:Departamento de Justiça dos Estados Unidos]] |
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[[ru:Министерство юстиции США]] |
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[[simple:United States Department of Justice]] |
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[[sh:Ministarstvo pravde Sjedinjenih Država]] |
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[[fi:Yhdysvaltain oikeusministeriö]] |
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[[sv:USA:s justitiedepartment]] |
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[[vi:Bộ Tư pháp Hoa Kỳ]] |
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[[zh:美国司法部]] |
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Revision as of 09:08, 15 September 2012
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