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{{Non-free use rationale
-->{{Infobox Dog breed
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| altname = American Rat Terrier<br>Ratting Terrier<br>Decker Giant
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The '''Rat Terrier''' is an [[United States|American]] [[dog breed]] with a rich and varied background as an all-around farm dog and hunting companion.<ref>Kane, Alice J. ''Rat Terrier: a Comprehensive Owner's Guide''. Kennel Club Books, 2004.</ref> Traditionally more of a [[Dog type|type]] than a [[breed]], they share much ancestry with the tough little mixed-breed dogs known as [[feist (dog)|feist]]s. Several private associations have maintained Rat Terrier registries for some decades, but more recently there have been movements to obtain breed recognition by the major canine organizations. Once common throughout America on [[family farm]]s in the 1920s and 1930s, they are generally considered a rare breed.<ref>Sipe, Roger (editor). ''Popular Dog Series Vol 43''. 2006</ref> Today's Rat Terrier is an intelligent, active little dog that is cherished both for pest control and as a family pet.
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==Description==
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===Appearance===
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The Rat Terrier comes in a variety of [[coat (dog)|coat]] colors and sizes The classic coloring is black tanpoint with [[piebald]] spotting (known as black tricolor), but chocolate, tan (varying in shade from pale gold to dark mahogany), blue, isabella (pearl), lemon and apricot are all fairly common. They may be tricolor or bicolor, always with some amount of white present. [[Coat_(dog)#Patterns|Sable]] may overlay any of these colors. Creeping tan (often "Calico"), is also acceptable. Ticking is usually visible in the white parts of the coat, or in the underlying skin. [[Brindle]], currently disallowed by the main breed standards, is considered by some to be a traditional Rat Terrier pattern, and there is a growing movement to have this pattern accepted into the breed. However, [[merle (coat colour in dogs)|merle]] is widely considered to be the result of recent outcrosses and, because of associated health problems, is rejected by most Rat Terrier breeders. [[Image:Rat Terrier head.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Rat Terriers usually have naturally erect ears and an alert expression.]] Ear carriage is erect, but can also be tipped, or button, all of which contribute to an intelligent, alert expression. The tail has been traditionally [[docking (dog)|docked]] to about 2–3&nbsp;inches, but the [[Natural bobtail|bobtail]] gene is very common in Rat Terriers and can result in a variety of tail lengths. Today, some breeders prefer a natural, undocked tail, which is accepted in the breed standards.
}}

}} {{#if:{{{Commentary|}}}
The Rat Terrier ranges from about 10 to 25 pounds and stands 13 to 18&nbsp;inches at the shoulder. The miniature size (13&nbsp;inches and under as defined by the UKC) is becoming increasingly popular as a house pet and companion dog. A larger strain, often in excess of 25 pounds, has been developed. These Deckers or [[Decker Giants]] were named after [[dog breeder|breeder]] Milton Decker who created a larger hunting companion and are recognized by the National Rat Terrier Association (NRTA, see Breed recognition below). The NRTA recognizes a Toy Variety weighing 10 pounds or less. Both the NRTA and the UKCI continue to classify the [[Teddy Roosevelt Terrier]] as the Type B Rat Terrier. In the 1970s, a hairless mutation appeared in a single Rat Terrier and was propagated into a strain of the Rat Terrier. After a period of development this line resulted in the [[American Hairless Terrier]], recognized as a separate breed by several registries.
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===Temperament===
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[[Image:Lucy, a Rat Terrier.jpg|thumb|220px|right|A Rat Terrier on the lookout for her friends.]]
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|Because it is a non-free {{{Type|logo}}} there is almost certainly no free repesentation. Any substitute that is not a derivative work would fail to convey the meaning intended, would tarnish or misrepresent its image, or would fail its purpose of identification or commentary.
Although often mistaken for a [[Jack Russell Terrier]], the Rat Terrier has a different profile and a very different temperament. Rat Terriers are sleeker in musculature, finer of bone, and have a more refined head. They always have a short single coat, i.e., they are never wire coated.
}}

|other_information={{#if:{{{other_information|{{{Other information|}}}}}}
Rat Terriers tend to be less aggressive than Jack Russells; while they have a definite terrier personality they also have an "off switch" and love lounging on the sofa in a lap as much as tearing about the yard. Rat Terriers are normally cheerful dogs, and they tend to be calmer and more sensitive than Jack Russells to changes in their environment, owner's moods, or to unexpected noises, people, and activities. The "social sensitivity" of Rat Terriers makes them very trainable and easier to live with for the average pet owner, but it also means that extensive socialization from an early age is critical. Proper socialization of a Rat Terrier puppy includes exposing the animal to a wide variety of people and places, particularly during the first three months of life. Like most active and intelligent breeds, Rat Terriers tend to be happier when they receive a great deal of mental stimulation and exercise.
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|Use of the {{{Type|logo}}} in the article complies with Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|non-free content policy]], [[Wikipedia:Logos|logo guidelines]], and fair use under [[Fair use|United States copyright law]] as described above.
==Health==
}}
Due to regular outcrossings throughout the breed's history, the accumulated data is insufficient for determining which genetic defects are truly common within the breed. Allergies, particularly those affecting the skin and coat, are common. In recent years, the gene for [[Ectopia_lentis|Primary Lens Luxation]] has been found with great frequency, and within most bloodlines. The [http://www.caninehealthinfo.org/brdreqs.html?breed=RAT Canine Health Information Center] (CHIC) recommends that Rat Terriers be tested for [[patellar luxation]], cardiac abnormalities, [[Hip_dysplasia_(canine)|hip dysplasia]], and [[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]]. CHIC notes [http://www.vmdb.org/cerf.HTML CERF] eye clearance, [http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/baerexpl.htm BAER] hearing, [[elbow dysplasia]] and primary lens luxation as optional tests.
}}<noinclude>

{{Documentation}}
Average lifespan of a Rat Terrier is 15-23 years old.
</noinclude>

==History==
The earliest record of a rat-catching dog is probably that of "Hatch", whose remains were recovered from the [[Mary Rose]], the flagship of [[Henry VIII]], sunk in 1545 and re-raised in 1982. Hatch is thought to have been a mongrel, and was brought on board to control the rat population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturenews/7412865/Mary-Roses-dog-unveiled-for-the-first-time.html|title=Mary Rose's dog unveiled for the first time|last=Irvine|first=Chris|date=11 March 2012|publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref>.
The breed name comes from the occupation of its earliest ancestors brought to the US by working class British migrants as these quick, tough little dogs gained their fame in rat pit gambling. However they were, for the most part, bred for speed. Their speed is used for controlling vermin and hunting squirrels, hare, and other small game. Like all terriers of this type, Rat Terriers most likely developed from crosses among breeds like the [[English White Terrier]], [[Manchester Terrier]], [[Fox Terrier (Smooth)|Smooth Fox Terrier]], and [[Whippet]]. After the 1890s, as the breed type became popular in America, other breeds were added to the mix. [[Beagle]], [[Italian Greyhound]]s and [[Miniature Pinscher]]s,. Many of the foundation Rat Terriers were indistinguishable from small mixed-breed hunting dogs known as "[[Feist (dog)|feists]]". The smaller varieties were split off from the Rat Terrier very early on, registered by the UKC as the Toy Fox Terrier beginning in 1936.

Rat Terriers were cherished as loyal and efficient killers of vermin on 20th century American Farms, as well as excellent hunting companions. As a result they were one of the most popular dog types from the 1920s to the 1940s. However the widespread use of chemical pesticides and the growth of commercial farming led to a sharp decline in the breed from the 1950s onwards. Fortunately breed loyalists maintained the bloodline, leading to the modern Rat Terrier we enjoy today.

The genetic diversity of the Rat Terrier is undoubtedly its greatest asset, and is responsible for the overall health, keen intelligence, and soundness of the breed. Most modern breeds were developed from a few founding dogs and then propagated from a closed gene pool. In contrast, the Rat Terrier has benefited from a long history of refinement with regular outcrosses to bring in useful qualities and genetic variability.

==Breed recognition==
Rat Terrier organizations exhibit the typical disputes over the course of action to be taken for the promotion and preservation of the breed. As usual among [[working dog|working breeds]], points of departure are which dog type best represents the breed and whether the dog's working qualities will be sacrificed to selection for [[conformation show]] competition. Perhaps because the Rat Terrier has existed for decades with several evident types upheld by different clubs, disagreements can be highly charged. It seems safe to say however that even farm-bred Rat Terriers have been cherished as much for their smart, amusing, and trainable companion qualities as for their skills at eradicating rats and hunting small game. Thus it is not surprising to see increasing numbers of Rat Terriers excelling at performance sports such as agility, rally, and obedience.
[[Image:Rat terrier.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Five-week-old Rat Terrier]]

The National Rat Terrier Association is the largest independent registry and has maintained lineage records for decades. Feeling the working terrier nature of the breed will suffer, it is the most prominent of those clubs and associations opposed to Kennel Club closed-registry breeding rules.

The Decker Hunting Terrier Registry was created specifically for the Decker Giant. This registry's mission is to keep all the qualities that set the Decker aside from the standard Rat Terrier, while retaining and improving upon the hunting ability.

The UKC officially recognized the breed on January 1, 1999. The AKC recognized the Rat Terrier as a breed on July 1, 2010. The first Rat Terrier to earn a title under AKC Sanctioning was in Agility on January 14, 2006 in [[Van Nuys, California]].

==Miscellaneous==
U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] was given a black and tan feist type dog named Skip by John Goff during his 1905 hunting expeditions in the west. Many have claimed this dog to be a rat terrier but in reality he more closely resembled the old black and tan terrier or Manchester. An often recited story is how this terrier helped rid the [[White House]] of rats in 1906 but in fact it was two dogs owned by local pest exterminator Mr. Barclay and his ferrets which were utilized.<ref>Washington Post March 18th 1906</ref> This story was so often recited that when the Rat Terrier Club of America wished to separate the short legged variety from the longer legged they named the short legged variety the [[Teddy Roosevelt Terrier]] in honor of Mr. Roosevelt's supposed participation with the breed.

The Rat Terrier was a common farm dog in the early 1900s, bred for catching barn rats in haystacks.

Eleanor Powell trained a little dog named Buttons for a tap dance scene in "Lady Be Good"

A Rat Terrier was mentioned in Harper Lee's ''To Kill a Mockingbird'' published in 1960.

Shirley MacLaine's beloved rat terrier, Terry, is featured in her 2003 book ''Out on a Leash''.

Best-selling author [[John Sandford (novelist)|John Sandford]] is a rat terrier owner, and has been known to refer to them in his novels.

William Faulkner owned several rat terriers, and his short story "The Bear" featured a "fyce" (feist), or rat terrier, named "Nip" who bravely attacks a ferocious bear until his master pulls him back.

For an extended period during 2012, the suggested example for a search on Google's "Advanced Search" query page was "Tricolor Rat Terrier."

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
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{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.akc.org/breeds/rat_terrier/ American Kennel Club breed standards]
* [http://www.nrta.com/ National Rat Terrier Association]
{{Terriers}}
{{American dogs}}

[[:Category:Dog breeds]]
[[:Category:Working dogs]]
[[:Category:Terriers]]
[[:Category:Dog breeds originating in the United States]]
[[:Category:Rare dog breeds]]

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Latest revision as of 21:05, 27 February 2013

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