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This page is far more credible than what was previously there. The previous information is not backed by any of the sources and it is pure rubbish... You are free to go check to see if any of the claims are backed up.
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#REDIRECT [[Demographics of Ghana]]
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Ghanaians
| image = <!---PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THESE PICTURES BEFORE ESTABLISHING CONSENSUS FOR WHAT THEY ARE ON THE DISCUSSION PAGE. EDIT WARRING IS NOT ACCEPTABLE--->
{{image array|perrow=4|width=75|height=90
| image1 = Kwame_Nkrumah_(JFKWHP-AR6409-A).jpg| caption1 = [[Kwame Nkrumah]]
| image2 = WEB DuBois 1918.jpg| caption2 = [[W. E. B. Du Bois]]
| image3 = Arthur wharton 180 180x220.jpg | caption3 = [[Arthur Wharton]]
| image4 = Kofi Annan.jpg | caption4 = [[Kofi Annan]]
| image5 = Hendrik Vroom.jpg| caption5 = [[Hendrik Vroom]]
| image6 = Nadia Buhari.jpg | caption6 = [[Nadia Buari]]
| image7 = Kevin-Prince Boateng.jpg |caption7 = [[Kevin-Prince Boateng]]
| image8 = Juliet ibrahim.JPG | caption8 = [[Juliet Ibrahim]]
| image9 = Carel Hendrik Bartels.jpg| caption9 = [[Carel Hendrik Bartels]]
| image10 = Abédi Pélé (cropped).jpg| caption10 = [[Abedi Pele|Abedi Ayew Pele]]
| image11 = Hon. Samia Nkrumah.jpg| caption11 = [[Samia Nkrumah]]
| image12 = William Boyd.jpg| caption12 = [[William Boyd (writer)|William Boyd]]
| image13 = JosephdeGraftJohnson.jpg| caption13 = [[Joseph W.S. deGraft-Johnson|Joseph de Graft-Johnson]]
| image14 = Willem Essuman Pietersen.jpg| caption14 = [[Willem Essuman Pietersen]]
| image15 = Henry van Hien.jpg| caption15 = [[Henry van Hien]]
| image16 = Dag Heward-Mills.jpg| caption16 = [[Dag Heward-Mills]]
}}
| population = '''World'''<br>'''±19,000,000'''
| genealogy =
| popplace = {{flagicon|Ghana}} '''[[Ghana|Republic of Ghana]]''' :&nbsp;15,000,000 {{ref|1|[n1]}}<ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census"/>
<!---
Note to editors: If you wish to change the numbers or add a country to this section, PLEASE CITE SOURCES (i.e. use the ref1, ref2, etc parameters)
----->
|region1= {{Flagicon|RSA}} [[South Africa|Republic of South Africa]]
|pop1= 2,000,000 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref1= <ref>{{citation | url =http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article.aspx?l=83&c=87&i=44005 | title = New money transfer facility for Ghanaians in SA | author = |authorlink= | publisher = ''Bizcommunity.com'' | work = | year = | accessdate = 10 July 2013}}</ref>
|region2= {{JAM}}
|pop2= 1,000,000 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref2= <ref>See: [[Coromantee]]. {{citation | url =http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/mobile/news/Trekking-for--Tacky-_11990820 | title = Trekking for 'Tacky' | author =Edwards, Alesia |authorlink= | publisher = ''[[The Jamaica Observer]]'' | work = jamaicaobserver.com | year = | accessdate = 23 July 2012}}</ref>
|region3= {{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Federative Republic of Brazil]]
|pop3= 442,189 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref3= <ref>{{citation | url =http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2013/jan/31/ghana-diaspora-brazil-beyond | title = Ghana opens its arms to diaspora in Brazil and beyond | author =Hirsch, Afua |authorlink=Afua Hirsch | publisher =''[[The Guardian]]'' | work = | year =2013 | accessdate = 31 January 2013}}</ref>
|region4= {{PRC}}
|pop4= 200,000 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref4= <ref>See: [[Chinese people in Ghana]]. {{citation | url =http://www.modernghana.com/news/216822/1/200000-ghanaians-visited-china-last-year-ambassado.html | title = 200,000 Ghanaians visited China last year – Ambassador | author = |authorlink= | publisher = modernghana.com | work = | year = | accessdate = 26 June 2012}}</ref>
|region5= {{UK}}
|pop5= 93,000 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref5=<ref>See: [[Ghanaians in the United Kingdom]] – The [[United Kingdoms]]'s [[Office for National Statistics]] (ONS) reported in 2009 that 93,000 Britons were citizens or nationals of Ghana. {{citation | url =http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/taxonomy/index.html?nscl=Population | title = Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth (Table 1.3) | author = Office for National Statistics|authorlink=Office for National Statistics | publisher = census.gov | work = 2009 United Kingdom Census | year = September 2009 | accessdate = 21 June 2012}}</ref>
|region6= {{USA}}
|pop6= 91,322 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref6=<ref>See: [[Ghanaian American]] – The [[United States]]'s [[United States Census Bureau]] reported in 2010 that 91,322 Americans were citizens or nationals of Ghana. {{cite web|title=US Census Bureau, 2010, Ghanaian-American; Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table| author = United States Census Bureau|authorlink=United States Census Bureau | publisher = census.gov | work = [[2010 United States Census]] | year = 2010 |accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref>
|region7= {{ITA}}
|pop7= 46,980 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref7=<ref>See: [[Ghanaian people in Italy]] – The [[Italy]]'s [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)]] reported in 2010 that 46,980 Italians were citizens or nationals of Ghana. {{citation | url =http://en.istat.it/ | title = National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) | author = National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|authorlink=National Institute of Statistics (Italy) | publisher = istat.it | work = 2010 Italy Census | year = 2010 | accessdate = 21 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Ghana: Searching for Opportunities at Home and Abroad"/><ref name="int">{{cite news|url=http://www.comuni-italiani.it/statistiche/stranieri/gh.html|title= Comuni Italiani|date=11 January 2012|work=Comuni|accessdate=22 June 2012}} {{it icon}}</ref>
|region8= {{NED}}
|pop8= 40,000 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref8= <ref name="Ghana: Searching for Opportunities at Home and Abroad"/><ref>[[Statistics Netherlands]] reported in 2003 that 40,000 Dutch people were citizens or nationals of Ghana. See: <br /> {{citation | url =http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2003/default.htm | title = Bevolking, publicaties en artikelen | author = Statistics Netherlands |authorlink=Statistics Netherlands | publisher = cbs.nl | work = Netherlands 2003 Census | year = 2003 | accessdate = 21 June 2012}}</ref>
|region9= {{CAN}}
|pop9= 23,225 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref9=<ref>[[Statistics Canada]] reported in 2006 that 23,225 Canadians were citizens or nationals of Ghana. See: <br /> {{citation | url = http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 | title = Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories | author = Statistics Canada|authorlink=Statistics Canada | publisher = statcan.ca | work = [[Canada 2006 Census]] | year = 2006 | accessdate = 21 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Ghana: Searching for Opportunities at Home and Abroad">{{citation | url = http://www.migrationinformation.org/USFocus/display.cfm?ID=381 | title = Ghana: Searching for Opportunities at Home and Abroad | author = Micah Bump |authorlink= | publisher = migrationinformation.org | work = Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University | year = 2006 | accessdate = 21 June 2012}}</ref>
|region10={{GER}}
|pop10= 21,850 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref10=<ref name="Ghana: Searching for Opportunities at Home and Abroad"/>
|region11={{ESP}}
|pop11= 12,699 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref11= <ref>See: [[Immigration to Spain]]. {{citation | url =http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do | title = Datos – Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics) | author = |authorlink= | publisher = | work = [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)]] | year = 2007 | accessdate = 21 June 2012}} {{es icon}}</ref>
|region12= {{LIB}}
|pop12= 10,297 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref12=<ref>{{citation | url =http://nowlebanon.com/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?ID=117585 | title = African men in Lebanon | author = Hayeon Lee |authorlink= | publisher = nowlebanon.com | work = | date = | accessdate = 26 June 2012}}</ref>
|region13= {{FRA}}
|pop13= 10,000 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref13=<ref>See: [[Ghanaians in France]]. {{citation | url =http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/56/26/00/PDF/RA_veil_de_l_ethnicitA_2007_.pdf| title = Raveil de l'ethnicit | author = |authorlink= | publisher = ''[[Hyper Articles en Ligne]]'' | work = hal.archives-ouvertes.fr | date = | accessdate = 21 June 2013}} {{fr icon}}</ref>
|region14= {{AUS}}
|pop14= 2,770 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref14=<ref>The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] reported in 2006 that 2,770 Australians were citizens or nationals of Ghana. See: <br /> {{citation | url =http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/ghana.pdf | title = Community Information Summary – Ghana-born | author = Australian Bureau of Statistics|authorlink=Department of Immigration and Citizenship | publisher = immi.gov.au | work = 2006 Australian Census | date = 27 June 2007 | accessdate = 21 June 2012}}</ref>
|region15= {{JAP}}
|pop15= 2,524 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref15=<ref>{{citation | url =http://www.gbcghana.com/index.php?id=1.136955 | title = President Mills set to achieve Better Ghana Agenda | author =Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) |authorlink=Ghana Broadcasting Corporation | publisher = gbcghana.com | work = | date = | accessdate = 26 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://www.citifmonline.com/index.php?id=1.324621 | title = No Ghanaian has perished in Japan-Ghana Embassy in Japan | author = |authorlink= | publisher = citifmonline.com | work = | date = | accessdate = 26 June 2012}}</ref>
|region16= {{NOR}}
|pop16= 2,134 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref16=<ref>{{citation | url =http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2010-04-29-04-en.html | title = Statistics Norway – Persons with immigrant background by immigration category and country background | author =Statistics Norway (SSB) |authorlink=Statistics Norway | publisher = ssb.no | work =2010 Norwegian Census | date =1 January 2010 | accessdate = 26 June 2012}}</ref>
|region17= {{CUB}}
|pop17= 533 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref17=<ref>{{citation | url =http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Politics/Ghana-signs-MOU-to-train-250-medical-personnel-in-Cuba-Veep/?ci=2&ai=34875 | title = Ghana Signs MOU to train 250 medical personnel in Cuba-Veep | author =Ghana News Agency (GNA) |authorlink=Ghana News Agency | publisher = ghananewsagency.org | work = | date =23 October 2011 | accessdate = 26 June 2012}}</ref>
|region18= {{NZL}}
|pop18= 277 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref18=<ref>[http://www.arc.govt.nz/albany/fms/main/Documents/Auckland/Population%20and%20stats/Immigration%20and%20Ethnicity%20in%20the%20Auckland%20region%202006.pdf] ''Immigration''
''and Ethnicity'' ''in the Auckland region''. ''stats.govt.nz''. [[Statistics New Zealand]]. 27 December 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref>
|region19= {{Flag|Russian Federation}}
|pop19= 200 {{ref|1|[n1]}}
|ref19=<ref>[http://www.news.peacefmonline.com/education/201112/83000.php Govt Ghanaian in Russia]. ''peacefmonline''. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2012.</ref>
| languages=[[English language|English]], [[Ghanaian Pidgin English|Ghanaian English]] and other native languages.
|religions= {{flatlist|
* [[Buddhism]]
* [[Hinduism]]
* [[Taoism]]
* [[Islam]]
* [[Animism]]
* [[Christianity]]
* [[Irreligion]]
* other minority faiths.<ref>See also the article entitled [[Religion in Ghana]].</ref>
}}
|footnotes=
{{note|1|[n1]}} [[Ghanaian nationality law|Ghanaian citizens]] or [[Ghana Card|Ghanaian card]] nationals.
}}
The '''Ghanaian people''' are a [[nationality]] originating in the [[Gold Coast (region)|Ghanaian Gold Coast]]. Ghanaians are predominantly headquartered in the [[republic]] of [[Ghana]], and they are the predominant [[cultural group]] and [[Residency (domicile)|residents]] of Ghana.<ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census"/> Ghanaians are predominant and proficient speakers of the [[English language]], and they are also [[bilingual]] in [[kwa language]]s.<ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census"/> '''Ethnic Ghanaians''' and [[Citizenship|citizens]] make up 60% of the total population.<ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census"/> The word, "Ghana", means "[[Warrior]] King".<ref>{{citation | url =http://www.african-adventures.co.uk/travel-in-africa/ghana/history-of-ghana| title = History of Ghana | author = |authorlink= | publisher = | work = african-adventures.co.uk | date = | accessdate = 27 April 2013}}</ref>

Worldwide, approximately 19 million people are of Ghanaian descent; of these, approximately 15 million are residents of the 4th Republic of Ghana.<ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census"/> The term ethnic Ghanaian may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups native to the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]].<ref>{{citation | url =http://www.niica.on.ca/ghana/people.aspx| title = The Ghanaian people | author = |authorlink= | publisher = | work = niica.on.ca | date = | accessdate = 27 April 2013}}</ref> The Ghanaian homeland, the Republic of Ghana; also "Ghanaland", is a [[natural resource]], [[mineral resource]] and [[fossil fuel]] rich [[nation]] and is home to one of the world's largest [[gold bar]] and [[sweet crude oil]] reserves and they are the second major producers of [[Cocoa beans|cocoa]] in the world.<ref name="Top 10 Gold Producers">{{cite web |url=http://goldinvestingnews.com/9230/top-10-gold-producers.html |title=Top 10 Gold Producers |author=Dave Brown |work=Gold Investing News |language= |accessdate=27 April 2013}}, {{cite web |url=http://www.worldcrops.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/WORLD-COCOA-May-03-2011-WorldCrops.com_.pdf |title=World Cocoa - WorldCrops.com |work=WorldCrops |language= |accessdate=27 April 2013}}</ref>

The Republic of Ghana is the biggest [[Economy|economical]] powerhouse on the west of Africa,
<ref name="New fuel for faster development">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldfolio.co.uk/region/africa/ghana/president-john-atta-mills-n145|title=New fuel for faster development|author= |work=worldfolio.co.uk |language= |accessdate=27 April 2013}}</ref> the fourth biggest economy on the [[African continent]] and one of the world's [[List of countries by real GDP growth rate|fastest growing economies]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.individual.troweprice.com/public/Retail/Planning-&-Research/Connections/Africa/Global-Economy-African-Countries-Growth|title= Five Countries to Watch|author= |work= individual.troweprice.com|language= |accessdate=27 April 2013}}</ref> The Republic of Ghana is the biggest military powerhouse in [[West Africa]] and also a growing [[Economics|economic]] and [[military]] powerhouse in [[Africa]].<ref name="New fuel for faster development"/>

==Demography==
{{Main|Demographics of Ghana}}
With approximately 24.6 million people in 2012,<ref name="GH Pop 2012">{{cite journal |author=Acting Director of the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) Population Division (Dr. Philomena Nyarko)| url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/general-news/13353-population-census-results-out |title=2012 Population Census Results Out| version=1 June 2012 | publisher= Ghana Government | year=2012 | accessdate=22 June 2012}}</ref> Ghana is the twelfth-most populous country in [[Africa]].

More than ninety percent of the Ghanaian [[Citizenship|citizens]] in Ghana live in urban areas – a figure higher than the world average. The rate of Ghana's population growth is slightly higher than the world average. Also, a large proportion of Ghana's population are young, largely because of recent decreases in the infant mortality rate. While 30 percent of Ghana's population are 14 years of age or younger, just 4 percent are aged 65 or older. <ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census"/>

==National identity and citizenship==
{{See also|Ghanaian nationality law|l1=Ghanaian nationality}}
Ghana has a diverse population that reflects its colourful history and the peoples that have populated Ghana from ancient times to the present. The historic amalgam of the different main groups forms the basics of Ghana's current demographics and [[Ghanaian nationality law|Ghanaian nationality]]: [[African people|Africans]], [[Asian people|Asians]], [[Arab diaspora|Middle Easterners]], [[White Africans of European ancestry|Europeans]] and other recent immigrants.<ref name="UNHCR 2001"/> In order to obtain [[Ghanaian nationality law|Ghanaian nationality]], one must be married to a Ghanaian citizen or be [[Naturalisation|naturalized]] after seven years of [[Ghana Card]] [[Permanent resident|permanent residency]].<ref name="UNHCR 2001"/> The Asians; Middle Easterners; and Europeans who have lived in Ghana for most of their lives have acquired [[Ghanaian nationality law|Ghanaian citizenship]], which is granted without any discrimination.<ref name="UNHCR 2001">{{harvnb|UNHCR|2001}}</ref> During the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] era, Ghanaian [[nationalism]] gained dominance through the Ghanaian [[The Big Six (Ghana)|Big Six]] independence movement and a number of Europeans intermarried with natives and had offsprings who became successful, such as Gold Coasters [[Carel Hendrik Bartels]] and [[James Bannerman]]. Most European settlers left Gold Coast after it won independence. Thus many Ghanaians are of European descent. Other immigrant populations in Ghana include Asians; Indians and Chinese; Middle Easterners; particularly Lebanese, and Syrians. About 81[[Percentage|%]] of Ghanaian [[Citizenship|citizens]] are sub-saharan African, or of [[African people|sub-saharan African]] and [[White Africans of European ancestry|European ancestry]], while 4% are of mixed African, European, and Asian ancestry. Another 8% are [[White Africans of European ancestry|European ancestry]] and/or [[Arab people|Middle Eastern ancestry]], while 7% is of Asian ancestry. The city with the highest population in Ghana is [[Accra]], it also serves as Ghana's capital city. The region with the highest population in Ghana is the [[Ashanti Region]], which also contains the city with the second highest population in Ghana, [[Kumasi]].<ref name="RG">{{citation | url =http://www.ghanahighcommissionuk.com/regions.php | title = Regions in Ghana | author = |authorlink= | publisher = | work =ghanahighcommissionuk.com | date = | accessdate = 26 June 2012}}</ref> Ghanaians predominantly speak the [[English language|English]] and there are 9 [[Languages of Ghana|recognized languages]].<ref name="UNHCR 2001"/>

==Indigenous peoples and native language==
Before the British colonization of the Gold Coast region that become the country of Ghana, the territory was the home to ethnic Ghanaian [[indigenous people]]s in their number of powerful [[Realm|kingdoms]].<ref name="Chronology of world history"/> Other than being dominant and proficient speakers of English and the Ghanaian [[dialect]]; [[Ghanaian Pidgin English|Ghanaian English]], the Republic of Ghana [[official language]], the [[indigenous people]]s of Ghana [[bilingual]]ly speak languages belonging to the [[Kwa languages|New Kwa]], [[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]] and [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] language families.<ref name="UNHCR 2001"/>

==Nationalism, Independence and transformation to Republic==
{{See also|Gold Coast (British colony)#Nationalism|l1=Ghanaian Nationilsm in Gold Coast|Aborigines' Rights Protection Society|l2=Ghanaian Aborigines' Rights Protection Society|Ghana (Commonwealth realm)|Ghana|l4= Republic of Ghana|}}
[[File:Kwame Nkrumah (JFKWHP-AR6409-A).jpg|130px|thumb|left|[[Kwame Nkrumah]], he led the Ghanaian people and their country, Ghana to [[independence]] and became the first [[President of Ghana|Ghanaian President]].]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| header =
| image1 = 1957-03-07 A New Nation.ogv
| width1 = {{#expr: (153 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| alt1 =
| caption1 = <center>[[Universal Newsreel]] about the independence of Ghana in 1957.</center>
| image2 = Kwame nkrumah tomb accra ghana.jpg
| width2 = {{#expr: (153 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| alt1 =
| caption2 = <center> The [[Statue]] and [[Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum|Kwame Nkrumah mausoleum]].</center>
}}

The Ghanaian [[nationalism]] was suspended by the [[Government of Ghana|Ghanaian Government]] during the time of the [[World War II]], but was resumed in 1945.<ref name="IN1">{{cite web |work= Ghana50 |url= http://www.ghana50.gov.gh/history/index.php?op=independence |title= Nationalism and Independence|accessdate=27 April 2013}}</ref> The Ghanaian [[Allies|allied]] with the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] in the [[World War II]].<ref name="IN1"/>

The [[Pan-African Congress#5th Pan-African Congress|Fifth Pan-African Congress]] held on October 1945, served to form the support for the [[liberalization]] of Ghanaian colonial domination on 4 August 1947.<ref name="IN1"/><ref name="IN2">{{cite web |work= Ghana50 |url= http://www.ghana50.gov.gh/history/index.php?op=independence1 |title= Nationalism and Independence ''Parte 2'' |accessdate= 27 April 2013}}</ref>

On June 12, 1949, [[Kwame Nkrumah]], formed the first [[governing party]] in the history of the Ghanaian Gold Coast, which did not cooperate with the British and which led to the achievement of Ghanaian independence and the opposition to the [[Constitution of Ghana|1951 Constitution]], in which Nkrumah was incarcerated together with his collaborators.<ref name="IN2"/>

On 8 February 1951, the first elections in the history of the Ghanaian Gold Coast were held, Nkrumah won, which was confirmed on 12 February 1951.<ref name="IN2"/> Ghanaian [[nationalism]] was initiated in organisation with the Ghanaian [[Nationalism|nationlist]] movement, the [[The Big Six (Ghana)|Big Six]] and through the [[Aborigines' Rights Protection Society|Ghanaian Aborigines' Rights Protection Society]] (ARPS); then due to the Ghanaian people [[Strike action|strikes]] and mass [[riot]]s formed on the [[street]]s of [[Ghana]] and by the Ghanaian people all over in the country, the British governor at the time, the [[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel|Earl of Listowel]], gave the Ghanaians their independence on 6 March 1957,<ref>{{cite web |work= Ghana50 |url= http://www.ghana50.gov.gh/history/ |title= History of Ghana |accessdate = 27 April 2013}}</ref> Nkrumah became the first [[Prime Minister of Ghana|Ghanaian Prime Minister]], but remained a British monarch as [[Governor general]].<ref name="PID">{{cite web |work= Ghana50 |url= http://www.ghana50.gov.gh/history/index.php?op=postIndependence |title= Post-Independence Ghana|accessdate= 27 April 2013}}</ref> On 1 July 1960, Nkrumah drew up the first [[Constitution of Ghana]] of the Ghanaian [[nation]]'s history, and from that, the British monarch ceased to be [[List of heads of state of Ghana|head of state]], and [[Ghana]] was transformed into a [[Republic]].<ref name="PID"/>{{clear}}

==Population==
{{See also|List of largest Settlements in Ghana (by population)|l1=Settlements in Ghana (by population)}}
Approximately 5% of Ghanaian [[Citizenship|citizens]] live in rural areas and 95% in urban areas. The rate of urbanization estimated for the period 2010–2015 is 4% per annum,<ref name="World Bank">{{cite web|author=World Bank|title=Government of Ghana partners with Cities Alliance to host Special Forum on rapid urbanization in Ghana|work=Worldbank.org|publisher=[[World Bank]]|location=|year=2012|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSDNET/0,,pagePK:64885161~contentMDK:22960894~piPK:5929285~theSitePK:5929282,00.html|accessdate=2012-06-30}}</ref> one of the highest among [[developing country|developing countries]]. There is 4 million Ghanaians in the [[diaspora]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/business/Jamaica-National-launches-new-Ghana-money-transfer-brand_9719123 |title=Jamaica National launches new Ghana money transfer brand|publisher=jamaicaobserver.com |date=16 September 2011 |accessdate=20 February 2012}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Region (2012)<ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census"/>
!Region population
!Area (km²)<ref name="Ghana - 2010 Population and Housing Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|title=Ghana – 2010 Population and Housing Census|work=Ghana Statistics Service|year=2010|work=Government of Ghana|accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref>
!
!City (2012)<ref name="World Gazetteer">{{cite web |url=http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=1170623253&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-85&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x |title=World Gazetteer online |publisher=World-gazetteer.com |accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref>
!City population
! Administrative divisions of Ghana
|-
|border = "1"|[[Ashanti Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|4,780,380
|style="text-align:center;"|24,389
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA) logo.png|30px|center]]
|align="center"|[[Kumasi]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1,989,062||rowspan="11"|[[File:Regions of Ghana en.svg|205px|center|Administrative Divisions of Ghana.]]
|-
|border = "1"|[[Brong-Ahafo Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2,310,983
|style="text-align:center;"|39,557
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Sunyani Municipal Assembly (SMA) logo.JPG|40px|center]]
|align="center"|[[Sunyani]]
|style="text-align:center;"|87,642
|-
|border = "1"|[[Central Region (Ghana)|Central Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2,201,863
|style="text-align:center;"|9,826
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly(CCMA) logo.PNG|30px|center]]
|align="center"|[[Cape Coast]]
|style="text-align:center;"|217,032
|-
|border = "1"|[[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Eastern Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2,633,154
|style="text-align:center;"|19,323
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:New-Juaben Municipal District logo.jpg|30px|center]]
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Koforidua]]
|style="text-align:center;"|127,334
|-
|border = "1"|[[Greater Accra Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|4,010,054
|style="text-align:center;"|3,245
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Accra Metropolitan Assembly logo.jpg|30px|center]]
|align="center"|[[Accra]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2,291,352
|-
|border = "1"|[[Northern Region (Ghana)|Northern Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2,479,461
|style="text-align:center;"|70,384
|style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|[[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]
|style="text-align:center;"|537,986
|-
|border = "1"|[[Upper East Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1,046,545
|style="text-align:center;"|8,842
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Bolgatanga Municipal Assembly (BMA) logo.JPG|30px|center]]
|align="center"|[[Bolgatanga]]
|style="text-align:center;"|66,68
|-
|border = "1"|[[Upper West Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|702,110
|style="text-align:center;"|18,476
|style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|[[Wa, Ghana|Wa]]
|style="text-align:center;"|102,446
|-
|border = "1"|[[Volta Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2,118,252
|style="text-align:center;"|20,570
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Ho Municipal Assembly District logo.jpg|30px|center]]
|align="center"|[[Ho, Ghana|Ho]]
|style="text-align:center;"|96,213
|-
|border = "1"|[[Western Region (Ghana)|Western Region]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2,376,021
|style="text-align:center;"|23,921
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|[[File:Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly (STMA) logo.jpg|30px|center]]
|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Sekondi-Takoradi]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|445,205
|-class="sortbottom"
|colspan="1" style="background: #DCDCDC"|<center>'''Total {{Flagicon |Ghana}} Ghana'''</center>||align=center style="background: #DCDCDC"| '''24,658,823'''||align=center style="background: #DCDCDC"|'''238,533'''
|-
|}{{clear}}

==Ghanaian Society and culture==
{{Culture of Ghana}}
{{See also|Social conduct in Ghana|Culture of Ghana|Ghanaian name}}

Ghanaian and Ghana's culture has been practiced by Ghanaians since foundation of the ancient kingdoms of pre-historic Ghana. Ghana's and Ghanaian cultural diversity is most evident in cuisine, arts, literature, heritage, music, dance, football, and clothing.<ref name="Ghanaian African art">"Man Ray, African art, and the modernist lens", Wendy Grossman, Martha Ann Bari, Letty Bonnell, ''International Arts & Artists'', 2009 – Photography, 183 pp.</ref><ref>''A Treasury of African Folklore: the oral literature, traditions, myths, legends, epics, tales, recollections, wisdom, sayings, and humor of Africa'', Crown Publishers, 1975, 617 pp.</ref>
===Ghanaian Clothing===
{{Multiple image
| footer = <center>Ghanaian Kente clothing</center>
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| image1 = Kent wove.jpg
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| image2 = KenteCloth.jpg
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}}
{{See also|Kente cloth}}
The Ghanaian Kente [[national costume]] is very important in Ghanaian culture. The textile cloths are used to make the Ghanaian traditional and modern attire. Different symbols and different colours mean different things. [[Kente cloth|Kente]] is an Ghanaian ceremonial cloth hand-woven on a horizontal [[Loom|treadle loom]]. Strips measuring about 4&nbsp;inches wide are sewn together into larger pieces of cloths. Cloths come in various colours, sizes and designs and are worn during very important social occasions. In a cultural context, kente is more important than just a cloth. It is a visual representation of Ghanaian history and also a form of written language through weaving. The term kente means a basket. The first kente weavers used [[Raffia palm|raffia]] fibres to weave cloths that looked like a basket; and thus were referred to as basket cloth. The original Ghanaian name of the cloth had a meaning "a cloth hand-woven on a loom"; however, "kente" is the most frequently used term today. The Ghanaian kente clothing is also popular among the African [[diaspora]] and worldwide.<ref name="Ghanaian African art"/>

===Adinkra and literature===
[[File:Adinkra Symbols Nkyinkyim & Hwemudua.jpg|thumb|left|100px|<center>[[Adinkra symbols]]</center>]]
[[File:J. E. Casely-Hayford.jpg|right|170px|<center>[[J. E. Casely Hayford]]</center>|thumb|left]]
{{See also|Adinkra}}
During the 13th century, Ghanaians developed their unique art of ''[[adinkra]]'' printing. Hand-printed and hand-[[Embroidery|embroidered]] adinkra clothes were made and used exclusively by the then Ghanaian royalty for devotional ceremonies. Each of the [[Motif (visual arts)|motifs]] that make up the [[Text corpus|corpus]] of adinkra symbolism has a name and meaning derived from a proverb, a historical event, human attitude, [[ethology]], [[plant life-form]], or [[shape]]s of [[inanimate]] and man-made objects. These are graphically rendered in stylized geometric shapes. The meanings of the motifs may be categorized into [[aesthetics]], [[ethics]], [[Interpersonal relationship|human relations]], and concepts.<ref name="LIT"/>

The Ghanaian national [[literature]] and ''[[Voices of Ghana]]'' is one of the oldest in the entire African continent, and the first work of Ghanaian literature dates from 163 [[A.D]].<ref name="LIT">{{cite web |work= Amadeus |url= http://www.amadeus.net/home/destinations/es/guides/gh/cul.htm |title= Ghana |language= Spanish |accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref><ref>Harvard University. Gérard. 1990.<sup>p:81</sup></ref>

The most prominent Ghanaian [[author]]s are [[novelist]]s; [[Ayi Kwei Armah]] and [[J. E. Casely Hayford]], who have reached international success thanks to their most famous works, which are ''The Beautiful Unborn'' and ''[[Osiris Rising]]'', respectively.<ref name="LIT"/> In addition to the [[novel]]s, other literature arts such as Ghanaian [[theatre]] and Ghanaian [[poetry]] have also had a very good development at the Ghanaian national level.<ref name="LIT"/>

===Ghanaian Music===
{{Multiple image
| footer = ''First image:'' [[Rebop Kwaku Baah]]; renowned Ghanaian [[Percussion instrument|percussionist]].<br /> ''Second image'': [[Sarkodie (Hip hop artist)|Sarkodie]] (right); leading Ghanaian [[Rapper]] and [[Hiplife|Hip-Life]] [[Music artist (occupation)|music artist]].
| align = left
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| caption1 =
| image2 = Sarkodie.jpg
| width2 = {{#expr:(144 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| caption2 =
}}
{{See also|Music of Ghana|l1=Ghanaian music}}
The Ghanaian [[music]] incorporates several distinct types of musical instruments such as the [[talking drum]] ensembles, the Ghanaian [[atenteben]] and <!--No Wikipedia article for [[koloko]]-->koloko lute, court music, including the atumpan, and log [[xylophone]]s used in asonko music. The most well-known genre to come from Ghana is [[highlife]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200902120888.html |title=Influential Drummer Who Emphasised the African Origins of Jazz |date=12 February 2009 |publisher=''allafrica.com'' |accessdate=30 May 2009}}</ref> Highlife originated in the late 19th century and early 20th century. In the 1990s, a new genre of music, Ghanaian [[hiplife]], was created through the combination of highlife, Afro-reggae, [[dancehall]] and [[hiphop]].<ref name="Female Song Tradition">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ss2NOW2eM-IC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=akan+asonko&source=bl&ots=RIrXpLwOml&sig=ymHoWMEK97QSr3RYpIu7pk17tcQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OXXMUPj0Mueb1AXLw4DICw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=akan%20asonko&f=false |title=Female Song Tradition |date= |author= Kwasi Ampene |publisher=''[[Google Books]]'''' |accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref> [[Hiplife]] is the most popular Ghanaian [[music]],<ref>{{cite web |author= HKW |url= http://www.hkw.de/de/programm/2011/worldtronics_2011/veranstaltungen_58739/veranstaltungsdetail_66102.php |title= Ghana Hiplife |language= German |accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref> followed by the other genre of Ghanaian music, [[highlife]].<ref>{{cite web|work= National Geographic |url= http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/view/page.basic/genre/content.genre/highlife_728/en_US |title=Ghanaian Highlife Music |accessdate =25 April 2013}}</ref>{{clr}}

===Ghanaian Dance===
[[File:Música y Danza Ghanéses – Cultura de Ghana (Ghanaian Music and Dance – Culture of Ghana).JPG|325px|thumb|right|Ghanaian females dancing Ghanaian [[dance]] forms and wearing the Ghanaian [[kente cloth]]ing, and Ghanaian [[drummer]]s.]]

Ghanaian [[dance]] is globally well known and performed worldwide.<ref name="Female Song Tradition"/> The [[dance]]s are varried and may involve complex and co-ordinated movement of the arms, torso, hips, feet and head. They are performed to the different Ghanaian music forms for [[Festival|celebrating]], entertainment and other occasions.

Some popular dances include Adowa and [[Azonto]].<ref name="Dance - Ghana"/> Other traditional dances from Ghana, are Kpanlogo; Klama; and Bamaya.<ref name="Dance - Ghana">{{cite web |work=[[Temple University]] |format=PDF|url=http://www.temple.edu/studyabroad/students/fulbright/documents/mfa_dance_ghana.pdf|title=Ghanaian Dance|accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref>

===Ghanaian Architecture and Museums===
{{See also|Ghana’s material cultural heritage|List of museums in Ghana |l2=Ghanaian museums}}
[[File:Ghanés Arquitectura Postmoderna y Arquitectura Futurista (Ghanaian Postmodern Architecture and Futurist Architecture).JPG|320px|thumb|right|
Ghanaian [[postmodern architecture]] and [[high-tech architecture]].]]

There are two types of Ghanaian traditional construction; The series of adjacent buildings in an enclosure around a common are common and the traditional round huts with grass roof.<ref name="ARC">{{cite web |work= Countriesquest |url = http://www.countriesquest.com/africa/ghana/culture/art_and_architecture.htm |title = Culture, Art and Architecture: Ghana |accessdate= 25 April 2013}}</ref> The round huts with grass roof [[architecture]] are in the Ghanaian northern regions, while the series of adjacent buildings are in the Ghanaian southern regions.<ref name="ARC"/> Ghanaian [[postmodern architecture]] and [[high-tech architecture]] buildings are predominant in the Ghanaian southern regions, while the Ghanaian [[heritage site]]s are most evident by the more than thirty [[fort]]s and [[castle]]s built in Ghana. Some of these forts are [[Fort William (fort)|Fort William]] and [[Fort Amsterdam (Ghana)|Fort Amsterdam]]. Ghana has [[museum]]s that are situated inside castles, and two are situated inside a fort.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board"/> The [[Armed Forces Museum (Ghana)|Military Museum]] and the [[National Museum of Ghana|National Museum]] organise temporary [[exhibition]]s.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board">{{cite web |url=http://www.ghanamuseums.org/index.php |title=Ghana Museums and Monuments Board |publisher= |date= |accessdate=8 December 2012}}</ref> Ghana has [[museum]]s that show a in-depth look at specific [[Regions of Ghana|Ghanaian regions]], there are a number of museums that provide insight into the traditions and history of their own geographical area in Ghana.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board"/> The [[Cape Coast Castle]] Museum and St. Georges Castle ([[Elmina Castle]]) Museum offer [[guided tour]]s. The [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Museum of Science and Technology]] provides its visitors with a look into the domain of Ghanaian [[Science|scientific]] development, through exhibits of objects of scientific and [[Technology|technological]] interest.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board"/>

===Ghanaian Cuisine===
{{Multiple image
| footer = <center>Dokonu & Grilled Tilapia and Banku & Seafood Soup (Ghanaian cuisine)</center>
| align = left
| image1 = Grilled tilapia with banku.jpg
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| image2 = Banku ne mako.jpg
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}}
{{main|Ghanaian cuisine}}
Ghanaian [[cuisine]] is diverse, and includes an assortment of [[soup]]s and [[stew]]s with varied [[starchy]] foods. Most Ghanaian soups are prepared with vegetables, meat, poultry or fish. [[Fish]] is important in the Ghanaian diet with [[tilapia]], fried [[whitebait]], [[smoked fish]] and [[crayfish]] all being common components of Ghanaian dishes.
Banku (or dokonu) is a popular Ghanaian starchy food made from ground corn ([[maize]]), like [[sadza]] and [[ugali]].<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup"/> The cornmeal based staples, banku and dokonu are usually accompanied by some form of fried fish (chinam) or grilled tilapia and a very spicy condiment made from raw red and green [[Chili pepper|chillies]], [[onion]]s and [[tomatoe]]s ([[pepper sauce]]).<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup"/> Dokonu and tilapia is a combo served in most Ghanaian [[restaurant]]s.<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup">{{cite web|url=http://www.kadirecipes.com/2011/10/22/banku-and-okra-soup/ |title=Ghanaian cuisine, dokonu, banku, okra and soup|work=''kadirecipes.com'' |publisher = |author=Oumou Bah|date=22 October 2011|accessdate=2 November 2012}}</ref>{{clr}}

===Ghanaian Football===
{{See also|Ghana Premier League|Ghana national football team|Football in Ghana}}
{{Multiple image |align=right
| image1 = Kumasi924.JPG
| width1 = {{#expr:(95 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| caption1 = <center>[[Kumasi Sports Stadium]].</center>
| image2 = Sekondi-Takoradi Stadium 2008.jpg
| width2 = {{#expr:(97 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| caption2 = <center>[[Sekondi-Takoradi Stadium]].</center>
}}
Ghanaians most popular sport is [[Association Football|football]]. There are several big club professional [[football team]]s of Ghana, such as [[Asante Kotoko F.C.|Kumasi Asante Kotoko]], [[BA Stars|Brong Ahafo Stars]], [[Berekum Chelsea F.C.|Berekum Chelsea]], [[Berekum Arsenal]], [[Ashanti Gold SC]], [[Sekondi Wise Fighters]], [[Sekondi Hasaacas F.C.|Sekondi Hasaacas]], [[F.C. Takoradi|FC Takoradi]], [[Medeama SC|Tarkwa Medeama]], [[Aduana Stars]], [[King Faisal Babes|King Faisal]], [[New Edubiase United]], [[Ebusua Dwarfs|Cape Coast Ebusua Dwarfs]], [[Bofoakwa Tano F.C.|Sunyani Bofoakwa Tano]], [[Bechem United]], [[All Blacks F.C.|Gamba All Blacks FC]], [[Okwawu United]], [[Power F.C.|Koforidua Power FC]] and [[Wassaman United]], are all currently playing in the [[Ghana Premier League]] and the [[Ghana Football Leagues|Ghana Poly Tank Division One League]].
;Ghanaian Football managers
Notable Ghanaian [[Manager (association football)|football managers]] are: [[Charles Gyamfi]] who is remarkable for being the first African player to play in Germany, when he joined [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] in 1960,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghana.diplo.de/Vertretung/ghana/en/03/Nsiah/text.html|title=50 years of the Ghanaian National Football Team – The German Connection|accessdate=2007-12-05|author=Kofi Nsiah & Sabrina Schmidt|publisher= }}</ref> and after retiring as a football player, Gyamfi became a [[Manager (association football)|football manager]], and his career highlights include winning the [[Africa Cup of Nations|African Cup of Nations]] three times, making Gyamfi the most successful football manager in African Cup of Nations history.<ref name = "Ghana legend laments money culture">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/7185929.stm|title=Ghanaian Legend laments money culture|accessdate=2008-01-13|author=Farayi Mungazi|date=2008-01-13|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> The other legendary Ghanaian football manager is [[Fred Osam-Duodu]] who also won the [[Africa Cup of Nations|African Cup of Nations]], the notable Ghanaian football managers of the 21st century are: [[James Kwesi Appiah]] and [[Maxwell Konadu]].<ref>{{cite news | date=2007-01-15 | url=http://ghanafa.org/news/read.asp?contentid=1686 | title=Osam leads Ghana to play Europe | publisher= | accessdate=2007-01-15}}</ref>
;Ghanaian Football players
Ghana has many internationally known football players, such as: [[Arthur Wharton]] is widely considered to be the first [[Black people|black]] [[professional sports|professional]] [[football (soccer)|association football]] player in the world, [[Abedi Pele]] and [[Tony Yeboah]] are considered one of the most prominent footballers and prolific [[Goal (sport)|goal]] scorers in African football history, [[Samuel Kuffour]] represented [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] for over a decade and won a total of 17 major titles, [[Michael Essien]] is a [[2012 UEFA Champions League Final|UEFA Champions League]] winner, [[Stephen Appiah]], [[John Mensah]], [[John Paintsil]], and [[Richard Kingson]].
{{multiple image
| footer =
| header =
| align = right
| image1 = Derek Asamoah.jpg
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| caption1 = <center>[[Derek Asamoah|D. Asamoah]]</center>
| image2 = Quincy James Owusu-Abeyie.jpg
| width2 = {{#expr: (59 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| alt2 =
| caption2 = <center>[[Quincy Owusu-Abeyie|Owusu-Abeyie]]</center>
| image3 = Kwadwo Asamoah 2012.JPG
| width3 = {{#expr: (45 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| alt3 =
| caption3 = <center>[[Kwadwo Asamoah|K. Asamoah]]</center>
| image4 = John Paintsil.JPG
| width4 = {{#expr: (78 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| alt4 =
| caption4 = <center>[[John Paintsil|Paintsil]]</center>
| image5 = Asamoah Gyan Rennes 081231.jpg
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| alt5 =
| caption5 = <center>[[Asamoah Gyan]]</center>
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| width6 = {{#expr: (73 * 750 / 536) round 0}}
| alt6 =
| caption6 = <center>[[Wakaso Mubarak|Wakaso]]</center>
}}

As in regard to the [[Ghana national football team|Ghanaian national football team]], the new generation of Ghanaian football players in the [[2000s (decade)|2000s]] and 2010s include: [[Michael Essien|Michael Kojo Essien]] ([[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] and [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]), [[Asamoah Gyan]], [[Kwadwo Asamoah]] ([[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]), [[Richmond Boakye]] (Juventus), [[Sulley Muntari]] ([[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]]), [[Kevin-Prince Boateng]] (AC Milan), [[Wakaso Mubarak|Wakaso]] (Espanyol), [[Abdul Majeed Waris]] (Spartak Moscow), [[Asamoah Gyan]], [[Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu]] ([[Udinese Calcio]]), [[Anthony Annan]] (Schalke 04), [[André Ayew]] ([[Olympique de Marseille]]), [[Jordan Ayew]] (Olympique de Marseille), [[Quincy Owusu-Abeyie]], [[Jonathan Mensah]], [[Harrison Afful]], and [[Daniel Opare]].
{{clear}}

==Ghanaian National Border, Regions and Terrestrial plains==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="3"| National Border, Region and Terrestrial plain of the 4<sup>th</sup> Republic of Ghana
|-
|border = "1" colspan="2"| {{GhanaRegionlist

| region1name=[[Geography of Ghana#Low Plains|Coastal Plain]]
| region1color=#71b37b
| region1items=[[Accra]], [[Apam]], [[Cape Coast]], [[Elmina]], [[Kakum National Park]], [[Kokrobite]], [[Nzulezo]], [[Sekondi-Takoradi]], [[Ada Foah]]
| region1description=The [[Gulf of Guinea]] [[coastal plain]] with the [[capital city]], several [[castle]]s and [[fort]]s and the best preserved [[rainforest]] in Ghana

| region2name=[[Geography of Ghana#Ashanti Uplands|Ashanti-Kwahu]]
| region2color=#64a0c7
| region2items=[[Koforidua]], [[Kumasi]], [[Obuasi]], [[Sunyani]]
| region2description=[[Forest]]ed hills and the ancient [[Ashanti Kingdom|Ashanti kingdom]]

| region3name=[[Volta Basin]]
| region3color=#bf88bf
| region3items=[[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]
| region3description=massive and world's largest [[Lake Volta]], the [[river]] system that feeds it and Ghana eastern [[border crossing]]

| region4name=[[Geography of Ghana#High plains|Northern Plains]]
| region4color=#b2be9b
| region4items=[[Wa, Ghana|Wa]], [[Bolgatanga]], [[Mole National Park]], [[Wa, Ghana|Ghana]]
| region4description= [[Savanna]] plains and north Ghana [[trade route]] and [[border crossing]]
}}
|rowspan="11"|[[Image:Ghana Regions map.png|480px|thumb|center|<center>Map of Ghana with [[national border]], [[geographical region]]s and [[Plain|terrestrial plains]] colour-coded</center>]]
|-
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|align=center colspan=2|'''Cities'''
|-
|border = "1"|[[Accra]]
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Capital city|National capital]] and largest city.
|-
|border = "1"|[[Bolgatanga]]
|style="text-align:center;"| Ghana's gateway to Burkina Faso.
|-
|border = "1"|[[Cape Coast]]
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Cape Coast Castle|Cape Coast castle]] is a [[UNESCO World Heritage site]].
|-
|border = "1"|[[Elmina]]
|style="text-align:center;"| Coastal town with a quite harrowing [[fort]].
|-
|border = "1"|[[Koforidua]]
|style="text-align:center;"|[[Aburi Botanical Gardens]] location.
|-
|border = "1"|[[Kumasi]]
|style="text-align:center;"|Traditional centre of the [[Ashanti Kingdom]] and Ghana's second largest city.
|-
|border = "1"|[[Obuasi]]
|style="text-align:center;"|The World's 10th largest [[Gold mine|Gold Mine]] location; and [[Mining town]].
|-
|border = "1"|[[Sekondi-Takoradi]]
|style="text-align:center;"|Ghana's [[sweet crude oil]] [[Oil field|fieds]] and location of [[Beach]]es and [[UNESCO World Heritage site]]s.
|-
|border = "1"|[[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]
|style="text-align:center;"|Largest city in the north of Ghana and gateway to [[Mole National Park]].
|-
|}

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|title= Ghanaian Artists and Academics
|width=129 | height=170 | lines=3
|align=center
|footer=
|File:BorisKodjoeDec10.jpg
|alt1=
| <center>[[Boris Kodjoe]]; actor and star act in [[Resident Evil: Retribution|Resident Evil]]</center>
|File:Idris Elba 2007 Cropped.jpg
|alt2=
| <center>[[Idris Elba]]; actor and star act in [[Prometheus (2012 film)|Prometheus]]</center>
|File:Lhofosu-appiahjuly1974.jpg
|alt3=
| <center>[[Lawrence Henry Yaw Ofosu-Appiah]]; [[Scholar]]</center>
|File:WEB DuBois 1918.jpg
|alt4=
| <center>[[W. E. B. Du Bois]]; [[Scientist]]</center>
|File:Ozwald Boateng.jpg
|alt5=
| <center>[[Ozwald Boateng]]; [[fashion designer|designer]] and [[Savile Row tailoring|bespoke]]</center>
}}

{{Gallery
|title= Ghanaian Athletes
|width=125 | height=170 | lines=2
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Marcel Desailly 1Goal.jpg
|alt=1
| <center>[[Marcel Desailly]]</center>
|File:Jérôme Boateng 2555.jpg
|alt2=
| <center>[[Jérôme Boateng]]</center>
|File:K. P. Boateng.jpg
|alt3=
|<center>[[Kevin-Prince Boateng]]</center>
|File:Jordan Ayew - TdC 2011.jpg
|alt4=
| <center>[[Jordan Ayew]]</center>
|File:André Ayew 5438.jpg
|alt5=
| <center>[[André Ayew]]</center>
|File:HughtonNorwich.jpg
|alt6=
| <center>[[Chris Hughton]]</center>
|File:Michael Essien 4633.jpg
|alt7=
| <center>[[Michael Essien]]</center>
|File:Emmanuel Frimpong 26.jpg
|alt8=
| <center>[[Emmanuel Frimpong]]</center>
|File:Jack Johnson1.jpg
|alt9=
| <center>[[Jack Johnson (boxer)|Jack Johnson]]</center>
|File:Arthur wharton 180 180x220.jpg
|alt10=
| <center>[[Arthur Wharton]]</center>
}}

==Republic of Ghana Commander-in-chief (1957–present)==
[[File:Presidents of Ghana and of the 4th Republic of Ghana.JPG|thumb|left|250px|[[Commander-in-chief]] of the Republic of Ghana: [[Kwame Nkrumah|Nkrumah]], [[Jerry Rawlings|Rawlings]], [[John Kufuor|Kufuor]], [[John Evans Atta Mills|Mills]] and [[John Dramani Mahama|Mahama]].]]

In 1966, Nkrumah was withdrawn and [[Impeachment|impeached]] which, from then on, the Republic of Ghana entered a period of [[military regime]] and political changes, which ended on 31 December 1981,<ref name="EMB">{{cite web |work= Embassy of Spain in Accra |url= http://www.maec.es/subwebs/Embajadas/Accra/es/MenuPpal/notapaisghana/Paginas/nota.aspx |title=Notes: Country Republic of Ghana |publisher= Ministry of Foreign Affairs and cooperation |language=Spanish|accessdate= 26 April 2013}}</ref> led by the regime of [[Field marshal]] and [[Marshal of the air force|Marshal of the Air force]] of the [[Air force]], under the command of [[Flight lieutenant]] [[Jerry Rawlings|Jerry John Rawlings]]. After succession to power, Rawlings ordered the introduction of the 1992 [[Constitution of Ghana]], and [[party system]] which incorporated the [[Government of Ghana]].<ref name="EMB"/> In 1992, Rawlings emerged as Ghanaian head of state and [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Ghana)|Chief of the Defence Staff]].<ref name="EMB"/>

In 2002, [[John Kufuor|John Agyekum Kufuor]] succeeded Rawlings as [[President of Ghana|Ghanaian head of state]] until the year 2008.<ref name="EMB"/> Kufuor was replaced as Ghanaian head of state by [[John Atta Mills]] until the year 2012.<ref name="swear in John Mahama as president"/> In 2013, [[John Dramani Mahama]] succeeded Mills as the Republic of Ghana [[Commander-in-chief]] and [[President of Ghana]].<ref name="swear in John Mahama as president">[http://edition.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/201207/90942.php MPs called to Parliament as CJ prepares to swear in John Mahama as president]. ''edition.myjoyonline.com''.</ref>{{clear}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Ghana}}
*[[List of Ghanaians]]
*[[Lists of rulers of Ghana]] {{clear}}

==References and notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Ghanaians}}
* {{en icon}} [http://ranker.com/list/famous-writers-from-ghana/reference Famous Ghanaian Writers] – Ranker
* {{en icon}} [http://www.ghanaculture.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=352 Ghanaian Culture, National Identity and Development]

{{Ghana topics}}
{{Ghanaian diaspora}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghanaian People}}
[[Category:Ghanaian people| ]]
[[Category:Ghanaian society|People]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Africa]]

Revision as of 21:13, 22 February 2014

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