Hurricane Emilia (1994): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox hurricane |
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| Name=Hurricane Emilia (1994) |
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| Type=hurricane |
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| Year=1994 |
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| Basin=EPac |
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| Image location=Hurricane Emilia 19 july 1994 1656Z.jpg |
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| Image name=Hurricane Emilia near peak intensity on July 19 |
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| Formed=July 16, 1994 |
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| Dissipated=July 25, 1994 |
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| 1-min winds=140 |
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| Pressure=926 |
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| Damages=None |
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| Inflated=0 |
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| Fatalities=None |
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| Areas=[[Hawaii]] |
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| Hurricane season=[[1994 Pacific hurricane season]] |
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}} |
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'''Hurricane Emilia''' was, at the time, the strongest [[tropical cyclone]] on record in the central [[Pacific Ocean]], and the first of such to be classified as a [[List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes|Category 5 hurricane]] – the highest rating on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]]. However, hurricanes [[1994 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Gilma|Gilma]] later that year and [[Hurricane Ioke|Ioke]] in [[2006 Pacific typhoon season|2006]] later reached lower [[barometric pressure]]s in the Central Pacific. The fifth [[tropical cyclone naming|named storm]] and the first of three Category 5 hurricanes of the [[1994 Pacific hurricane season|hurricane season]], Emilia developed from an area of [[low-pressure area|low pressure]] southeast of [[Hawaii]] on July 16. Tracking westward, the initial [[tropical depression]] intensified into a tropical storm several hours after [[tropical cyclogenesis]]. Subsequently, Emilia entered Central Pacific Ocean and moved into the area of responsibility of the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]] <small>(CPHC)</small>. |
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Someday I'll let you in |
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After reaching hurricane intensity the following day, the tropical cyclone began to [[rapid deepening|rapidly intensify]], and late on July 17, Emilia reached its record peak intensity with [[maximum sustained wind]]s of 160 mph (260 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 926 mbar (hPa; 27.34 inHg), rating it as a Category 5 hurricane. After slight oscillations in strength, and upper-level [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] forced the intense hurricane northwest on July 21, and Emilia began to weaken thereafter. The tropical cyclone encountered an area of vertical [[wind shear]] and cool [[sea surface temperature]]s, which further weakened the system. The following day, Emilia made its closest approach to the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]] of Hawaii, but subsequently weakened to below hurricane intensity. This weakening trend continued, and the tropical cyclone fully dissipated on July 25. Though the hurricane per se did not make [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]], Emilia brought strong surf to the islands of Hawaii and caused gusty winds, which resulted in some property damage. Precipitation was also reported, but remained under moderate levels. |
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Treat you right |
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Drive you outta your mind |
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Oooh |
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You never met a chick like me |
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== Meteorological history == |
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Burn so bright |
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{{Storm path|Emilia 1994 track.png}} |
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I'm gonna make you blind |
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On June 29, a weak [[tropical wave]] exited the west [[Africa]]n coast and traversed the Atlantic with no signs of organization or [[convection|convective activity]]. Moving within the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]], the tropical disturbance remained inactive until July 14, when it developed into an [[low-pressure area|area of low pressure]] roughly {{convert|2110|mi|km|abbr=on}} east-southeast of the [[Hawaiian Islands]]. A low-level circulation was present, and a tropical depression is believed to have formed on July 17 due to increasing organization. Later, [[satellite imagery]] suggested that the system had intensified to Tropical Storm Emilia with 40 mph (65 km/h) [[maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]].<ref name="MWR">{{cite web|author=Mayfield, Max and Pasch, Richard J.|year=1996|url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281996%29124%3C1579%3AENPHSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2|title=Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1994|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2008-02-20|format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="MWR" />{{EPAC hurricane best track}} Emilia steadily strengthened to a minimal hurricane, moving west-northwest.<ref name="EPAC HURDAT"/> It crossed 140°[[Longitude|W]] and entered the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]'s (CPHC) area of responsibility, which noted that Emilia was "well developed."<ref name="CPHC">{{cite web|author=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|year=1994|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1994.php#Emilia|title=The 1994 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2008-02-20}}</ref> Emilia attained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), which marked the beginning of a [[rapid deepening|rapid intensification]] period.<ref name="EPAC HURDAT"/><ref name="CPHC" /> Maximum sustained winds increased from 115 mph (185 km/h) on July 17 to 160 mph (260 km/h) late on July 19, which was a period of 42 hours.<ref name="CPHC" /> At the time, an [[Hurricane Hunters|Air Force reconnaissance aircraft]] measured a minimum central pressure of 926 mbar (27.34 inHg) and [[maximum sustained wind|maximum wind]]s of 160 mph (260 km/h), hinting that the storm has reached peak intensity.<ref name=NHC>{{cite web|author=Lawrence, Miles|year=1994|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/emilia/prenhc/prelim01.gif|title=Hurricane Emilia July 16–25, 1994|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2008-02-22}}</ref>{{refn|group=nb|The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) lists Emilia as a Category 5 cyclone, but the [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) classified Emilia as a strong Category 4 hurricane with 155 mph (250 km/h) sustained winds. However, in 2008, the NHC upgraded the storm into a Category 5 hurricane for 6 hours.<ref name="EPAC HURDAT"/>}} |
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[Both:] |
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[[File:HurricaneEmilia1994-STS65.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Oblique view from orbit]] |
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Always want what you can't have |
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On July 20, Emilia briefly weakened to a Category 4 hurricane, but it re-intensified to Category 5 status 12 hours later during the day.<ref name="CPHC" /> Subsequently, Emilia began to weaken for the final time. An [[trough (meteorology)|upper-level trough]] in the [[westerlies]] caused the cyclone to turn northwest on July 21.<ref name="CPHC" /><ref name="NHC" /> Emilia moved over progressively cooler waters, and vertical [[wind shear]] from the westerlies negatively impacted the hurricane.<ref name="CPHC" /> The [[atmospheric pressure|central pressure]] steadily rose to 965 mbar (28.50 inHg), and Emilia diminished to a marginal Category 3 hurricane.<ref name="CPHC" /> On July 22, Emilia continued to weaken, and it passed within {{convert|170|mi|km|abbr=on}} of the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]].<ref name="NHC" /> It was the closest approach to the islands.<ref name="NHC" /> Later, the peak winds dropped to 75 mph (120 km/h).<ref name="CPHC" /> Emilia gradually turned west-northwest, and the circulation moved with the [[trade winds]].<ref name="NHC" /> Emilia weakened to a tropical depression on July 24,<ref name="CPHC" /> and a remnant swirl of [[stratocumulus cloud]]s was noted.<ref name="NHC" /> The system dissipated on the same day.<ref name="CPHC" />{{Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific Basin, 1949-2006}} |
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Is it so bad if you don't get what you wanted |
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Make you feel good |
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As I whip you |
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Into shape, ya boy |
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Let's get it started! |
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[Both:] |
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== Preparations == |
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Give it up |
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Initially, forecasts significantly underestimated the intensification of Emilia,<ref name="MWR" /> which was one of three tropical cyclones to attain Category 5 status in the central Pacific during the season.<ref name="CPHC" /> On July 16, a 72-hour forecast misjudged the strengthening of Emilia by 41 m/s (92 mph).<ref name="MWR" /> Later, winds at 72 hours were 31 m/s (69 mph) too high when the cyclone began to weaken.<ref name="MWR" /> [[Tropical cyclone forecast model]]s consistently predicted Emilia to remain south of the Hawaiian Islands because of the [[Ridge (meteorology)|upper troughs']] climatologically weak nature during the summer.<ref name="NHC2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/emilia/tropdisc/tcd1815z.gif|title=Hurricane Emilia Discussion Number 11|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref> This led to high confidence in the forecasts,<ref name="NHC3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/emilia/tropdisc/tcd1903z.gif|title=Hurricane Emilia Discussion Number 13|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref> resulting in a lack of [[tropical cyclone watches and warnings|watches or warnings]].<ref name="CPHC"/> Nonetheless, a high surf advisory was issued for the south and east coasts of all islands.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rzxSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2jYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1248,1506222&dq=hurricane+emilia&hl=en|title=Hurricane may pass Hawaii|author=Larry W. Tarleton|agency=Associated Press|date=1994-07-21|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> |
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You can't win |
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Cause I know where you've been |
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Such a shame |
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You don't put up a fight |
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That's a game that we play |
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At the end of the night |
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It's the same old story |
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But you never get it right |
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Give it up |
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[Both:] |
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== Impact and records == |
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Come a little closer |
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[[File:Hurricane emilia approaching hawaii 7 22 94.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Emilia passing to the south of Hawaii on July 22]] |
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Baby, baby |
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Despite the storm's offshore anture, wells of 6–10 feet (2–3.3 m) were reported near the [[Puna, Hawaii|Puna]] and [[Ka‘ū, Hawaii|Ka‘ū]] coasts.<ref name="NHC4">{{cite web|author=Lawrence, Miles|year=1994|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/emilia/prenhc/prelim02.gif|title=Hurricane Emilia Preliminary Report (Page 2)|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref> [[Waikiki|Waikiki Beach]] in [[Honolulu]] reported a 5 ft high (1.5 m) surf. Surf was lower along the [[Kona District, Hawaii|Kona]] and [[Kohala, Hawaii|Kohala]] coasts.<ref name="CPHC" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sDxSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2jYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6734,2015949&dq=hurricane+emilia&hl=en|title=Hurricane Emilia Skirts Hawaiian Islands|author=Larry W. Tarleton|agency=Associated Press|date=1994-07-22|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> Winds were gusty, causing a few trees to be blown over and branches to be broken. Some minor roof damage was caused by the winds.<ref name="CPHC" /> [[Mauna Kea Observatories|International observatories]] and the [[W. M. Keck Observatory|Keck Telescope]] on the top of [[Mauna Kea]] were forced to close their domes due to the high winds.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=orpNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h_wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2835,901156&dq=hurricane+hawaii&hl=en|title=Fiery comet concludes spectacular displays|author=Malcolm W. Browne|agency=New York Times|date=1994-07-23|accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref> [[Rain]]fall ranged from light to moderate. The storm passed near two [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) [[weather buoy]]s during its passage through the state. All in all, Hurricane Emilia had mostly minor effects in the Hawaiian Islands.<ref name="CPHC" /> |
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Come a little closer |
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Come a little closer |
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Baby, baby |
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So stop trying to walk away |
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Emilia is one of the [[list of the most intense tropical cyclones|most intense tropical cyclones]] on record in the Eastern [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], with a lowest pressure of 926 mbar (hPa; 27.34 inHg). In the CPHC warning zone, only [[Hurricane Gilma (1994)|Gilma]] and [[Hurricane Ioke|Ioke]] of [[2006 Pacific hurricane season|2006]] attained deeper pressures.<ref name="EPAC HURDAT" /> Emilia was also a Category 5 hurricane for 18 hours, the most ever at the time in the Central Pacific. That record was broken later in the season by [[Hurricane John (1994)|Hurricane John]].<ref name="FAQ intensity">{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/pages/FAQ/Tropical_Cyclone_Records.php#8|title=8. What hurricanes have been at Category Five status the longest?|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref> |
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No you won't ever leave me behind |
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(Noooo) |
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The storm was the subject of a disagreement between the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]] and the [[National Hurricane Center]]. Specifically, they debated Emilia's peak strength in relation to the [[Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale|Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]] (SSHWS). The CPHC reported that Emilia's maximum winds peaked at {{convert|140|kn|km/h}}, making it a Category 5 hurricane.<ref name="CPHC" /> However, the NHC considered Emilia to be a high-end Category 4 with maximum winds of {{convert|135|kn|km/h}}, in both its "best track"<ref name="archive unisys">{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1994/EMILIA/track.dat|title=EMILIA Tracking information|publisher=Unisys|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070806030026/http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/1994/EMILIA/track.dat|archivedate=2007-08-06|accessdate=2008-11-01}}</ref> and its preliminary report.<ref name="NHC p3">{{cite web|author=Lawrence, Miles|year=1994|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1994/emilia/prenhc/prelim03.gif|title=Hurricane Emilia Preliminary Report (Page 3)|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref> During 2008, the NHC upgraded its "best track" to make Emilia a Category 5, although there continues to be a discrepancy in Emilia's duration at Category 5 intensity.<ref name="EPAC HURDAT"/><ref name="CPHC"/> |
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{{Clear}} |
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You better believe that I'm here to stay |
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== See also == |
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(That's right) |
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{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} |
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{{Commons category|Hurricane Emilia (1994)}} |
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*[[Hurricane Ignacio (1985)]] |
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*[[Hurricane Gilma (1994)]] |
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*[[List of Hawaii hurricanes]] |
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*[[Pacific hurricane]] |
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*[[List of tropical cyclones]] |
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{{Clear}} |
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Cause you're the shade and I'm the sunshine |
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== Notes == |
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(Ooooohh) |
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{{Reflist|group=nb}} |
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[Both:] |
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== References == |
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Look at me boy |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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'Cause I got you |
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Where I want you |
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Isn't it so exciting? |
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Wanna shake you |
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Wanna break you |
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Take a backseat boy |
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Cause now I'm driving |
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[Both:] |
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{{Category 5 Pacific hurricanes}} |
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Give it up |
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{{1994 Pacific hurricane season buttons}} |
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You can't win |
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Cause I know where you've been |
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Such a shame |
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You don't put up a fight |
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That's a game that we play |
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At the end of the night |
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It's the same old story |
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But you never get it right |
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Give it up |
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A oooh yeaaah |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Emilia}} |
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Ah oooho heeey |
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[[Category:1994 Pacific hurricane season]] |
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Hey yeah yeah yeaaaah |
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[[Category:Category 5 Pacific hurricanes]] |
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[[Category:Hurricanes in Hawaii]] |
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[Both:] |
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Come a little closer |
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Come a little closer |
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Baby, baby |
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Come a little closer |
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Come a little closer |
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Baby, baby |
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Come a little closer |
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Come a little closer |
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Baby |
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If you are my baby |
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Then I'll make you crazy tonight |
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[Both:] |
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Look at me boy |
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'Cause I got you |
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Where I want you |
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Isn't it so exciting? |
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Wanna shake you |
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When I break you |
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Take a backseat boy |
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Cause now I'm driving |
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[Both:] |
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Give it up |
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You can't win |
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Cause I know where you've been |
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Such a shame |
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You don't put up a fight |
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That's a game that we play |
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At the end of the night |
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It's the same old story |
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But you never get it right |
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Give it up |
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Ohhhh |
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YEAH! |
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Revision as of 02:45, 7 March 2014
Someday I'll let you in
Treat you right Drive you outta your mind Oooh
You never met a chick like me Burn so bright I'm gonna make you blind
[Both:] Always want what you can't have Is it so bad if you don't get what you wanted Make you feel good As I whip you Into shape, ya boy Let's get it started!
[Both:] Give it up You can't win Cause I know where you've been Such a shame You don't put up a fight That's a game that we play At the end of the night It's the same old story But you never get it right Give it up
[Both:] Come a little closer Baby, baby Come a little closer Come a little closer Baby, baby
So stop trying to walk away No you won't ever leave me behind
(Noooo)
You better believe that I'm here to stay (That's right)
Cause you're the shade and I'm the sunshine (Ooooohh)
[Both:] Look at me boy 'Cause I got you Where I want you Isn't it so exciting? Wanna shake you Wanna break you Take a backseat boy Cause now I'm driving
[Both:] Give it up You can't win Cause I know where you've been Such a shame You don't put up a fight That's a game that we play At the end of the night It's the same old story But you never get it right Give it up
A oooh yeaaah Ah oooho heeey Hey yeah yeah yeaaaah
[Both:] Come a little closer Come a little closer Baby, baby Come a little closer Come a little closer Baby, baby Come a little closer Come a little closer Baby If you are my baby Then I'll make you crazy tonight
[Both:] Look at me boy 'Cause I got you Where I want you Isn't it so exciting? Wanna shake you When I break you Take a backseat boy Cause now I'm driving
[Both:] Give it up You can't win Cause I know where you've been Such a shame You don't put up a fight That's a game that we play At the end of the night It's the same old story But you never get it right Give it up Ohhhh YEAH!