Advanced Photon Source: Difference between revisions
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==How APS works== |
==How APS works== |
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[[File:APS Synchrotron.jpg|thumb|Inside the APS Synchrotron.]] |
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[[Electron]]s are produced by a [[hot cathode]] that is heated to about {{convert|1100|C|F|-2}}. The electrons are accelerated to relatavistic speeds (99.999+% of the speed of light) with an energy of 450 [[MeV]] in a [[linear accelerator]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Linear Accelerator |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/linac.html |accessdate=9 January 2008}}</ref> From the linear accelerator, the electrons are injected into the booster [[synchrotron]]. Here, the electrons are sent around an oval racetrack of [[electromagnet]]s, providing further acceleration. Within one-half second, the electrons reach 7 [[GeV]] of energy.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Booster Synchrotron |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/booster.html |accessdate=9 January 2008}}</ref> Upon reaching that energy, the electrons are injected into the storage ring, a {{convert|1104|m|ft|adj=on|abbr=out}} circumference ring of more than 1,000 electromagnets.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Electron Storage Ring |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/storage_ring.html |accessdate=9 January 2008}}</ref> |
[[Electron]]s are produced by a [[hot cathode]] that is heated to about {{convert|1100|C|F|-2}}. The electrons are accelerated to relatavistic speeds (99.999+% of the speed of light) with an energy of 450 [[MeV]] in a [[linear accelerator]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Linear Accelerator |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/linac.html |accessdate=9 January 2008}}</ref> From the linear accelerator, the electrons are injected into the booster [[synchrotron]]. Here, the electrons are sent around an oval racetrack of [[electromagnet]]s, providing further acceleration. Within one-half second, the electrons reach 7 [[GeV]] of energy.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Booster Synchrotron |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/booster.html |accessdate=9 January 2008}}</ref> Upon reaching that energy, the electrons are injected into the storage ring, a {{convert|1104|m|ft|adj=on|abbr=out}} circumference ring of more than 1,000 electromagnets.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Electron Storage Ring |work=Argonne National Laboratory |url=http://www.aps.anl.gov/About/APS_Overview/storage_ring.html |accessdate=9 January 2008}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 15:43, 14 May 2014
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (in Argonne, Illinois, USA) is a national synchrotron-radiation light source research facility funded by the United States Department of Energy Office of Science. Argonne National Laboratory is managed by UChicago Argonne LLC, which is composed of the University of Chicago and Jacobs Engineering Group.
Using high-brilliance X-ray beams from the APS, members of the international synchrotron-radiation research community conduct forefront basic and applied research in the fields of materials science and biological science; physics and chemistry; environmental, geophysical and planetary science; and innovative X-ray instrumentation.
How APS works
Electrons are produced by a hot cathode that is heated to about 1,100 °C (2,000 °F). The electrons are accelerated to relatavistic speeds (99.999+% of the speed of light) with an energy of 450 MeV in a linear accelerator.[1] From the linear accelerator, the electrons are injected into the booster synchrotron. Here, the electrons are sent around an oval racetrack of electromagnets, providing further acceleration. Within one-half second, the electrons reach 7 GeV of energy.[2] Upon reaching that energy, the electrons are injected into the storage ring, a 1,104-metre (3,622 ft) circumference ring of more than 1,000 electromagnets.[3]
Once in the storage ring, the electrons produce x-ray beams that are available for use in experimentation. Around the ring are 40 straight sections. One of these sections is used to inject electrons into the ring, and four are dedicated to replenishing the electron energy lost though x-ray emission by using 16 radio-frequency accelerating cavities. The remaining 35 straight sections can be equipped with insertion devices.[4] Insertion devices, arrays of north-south permanent magnets usually called “undulators”, cause the electrons to oscillate and emit light in the invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Due to the relativistic velocities of the electrons, that light is Lorentz-contracted into the x-ray band of the electromagnetic spectrum.[5]
The Experiment Hall surrounds the storage ring and is divided into 35 sectors, each of which has access to x-ray beamlines, one at an insertion device, and the other at a bending magnet.[6] Each sector also corresponds to a lab/office module offering immediate access to the beamline.[7]
References
- ^ "Linear Accelerator". Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ "The Booster Synchrotron". Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ "The Electron Storage Ring". Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ "Insertion Devices". Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ Ibid.
- ^ "Experiment Hall & Beamlines". Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ "LOMs & Beamlines". Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
External links
- "Advanced Photon Source".
- "Overview of the APS".
- "Information for Prospective Users".
- "Beamline Directory".
- "Science and Research Highlights".
- "APS News".
- "Annual Reports".
- Lightsources.org
41°42′13″N 87°59′17″W / 41.70361°N 87.98806°W
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