Up or out: Difference between revisions
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Despite their widespread use in certain industries, a 1988 textbook by [[Michael Jensen]] noted that the effects of the system of productivity have not been studied in depth.<ref name="Jensen1998">{{cite book|author=Michael C. Jensen|title=Foundations of Organizational Strategy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B-TP-fxGJDQC&pg=PA215|year=1998|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-64342-0|page=215}}</ref> |
Despite their widespread use in certain industries, a 1988 textbook by [[Michael Jensen]] noted that the effects of the system of productivity have not been studied in depth.<ref name="Jensen1998">{{cite book|author=Michael C. Jensen|title=Foundations of Organizational Strategy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=B-TP-fxGJDQC&pg=PA215|year=1998|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-64342-0|page=215}}</ref> |
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== Accounting firms == |
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== Consulting firms == |
== Consulting firms == |
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Revision as of 16:09, 13 September 2014
In a hierarchical organization, "up or out", also known as a tenure or partnership system,[1] is the requirement that each member of the organization must achieve a certain rank within a certain period of time. If they fail to do so, they must leave the organization.
Despite their widespread use in certain industries, a 1988 textbook by Michael Jensen noted that the effects of the system of productivity have not been studied in depth.[1]
Accounting firms
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Consulting firms
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According to Leslie Perlow[2] this system was used at Boston Consulting Group for the advancement through the ranks of Consultant, Project Leader, Principal, Partner, and Senior Partner.
Law
"Up or out" is one component of the Cravath System for managing law firm staff. In this system, associate lawyers who fail to achieve partner status within ten years of hiring are required to leave.
Military
In the US military, the 1980 Defense Officer Personnel Management Act mandates that officers passed over twice for promotion are required to be discharged from the military.[3] Manning control within the British Army plays a similar role.
Academia
Tenure track professors in the United States are usually subject to an up-or-out system. Newly hired professors, most often with the rank of assistant professor, must impress their department with their publications to be awarded tenure, usually but not always combined with promotion to associate professor. Those not awarded tenure within 7 years are terminated. This first promotion may be required for tenure, and further promotions are neither guaranteed nor necessary.
See also
References
- ^ a b Michael C. Jensen (1998). Foundations of Organizational Strategy. Harvard University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-674-64342-0.
- ^ Leslie Perlow (2012). Sleeping with Your Smartphone (Hardcover). ISBN 978-1-4221-4404-6.
- ^ Bernard Rostker; et al. (1992). "The Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 - A Retrospective Assessment" (PDF). ISBN 0-8330-1287-8.
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Further reading
- Schumpeter, (Sep 1st, 2010) "The shortage of engineers. Up or out", The Economist
- Charles Batchelor (April 20, 2011) ‘Up or out’ is part of industry culture, Financial Times
External links
- Military