Bakota, Ukraine: Difference between revisions
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{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=435|title=Faina Melnik|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=sporting-heroes.net| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071113202259/http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=435| archivedate= 13 November 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=435|title=Faina Melnik|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=sporting-heroes.net| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071113202259/http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=435| archivedate= 13 November 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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[[File:Bakota-2007-08-05.jpg|thumb|200px|left|One of the caves at Bakota's ancient [[cave monastery]].]] |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Bakota was first mentioned in the ''[[Hypatian Codex|Hypatian Chronicle]]'' in the year 1240.<ref name="EoU">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkPath=pages\B\A\Bakota.htm|title=Bakota|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=Encyclopedia of Ukraine}}</ref> When the town was first settled, the town was part of the state of [[Kievan Rus']], until the middle of the 12th century when it became a part of the [[Halych-Volhynia|Halych-Volhynian Kingdom]].<ref name="kingdom">{{cite web|url=http://ukraine.kingdom.kiev.ua/region/22/bakota.php|title=Bakota|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=Architectural and environmental Monuments of Ukraine|language=Ukrainian| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071027131833/http://ukraine.kingdom.kiev.ua/region/22/bakota.php| archivedate= 27 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> In the 13th century, Bakota served as the political and administrative center of the Dniester Lowland (''Ponyzzia''), which was at the time part of Halych-Volhynia.<ref name="magistral"> |
Bakota was first mentioned in the ''[[Hypatian Codex|Hypatian Chronicle]]'' in the year 1240.<ref name="EoU">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkPath=pages\B\A\Bakota.htm|title=Bakota|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=Encyclopedia of Ukraine}}</ref> When the town was first settled, the town was part of the state of [[Kievan Rus']], until the middle of the 12th century when it became a part of the [[Halych-Volhynia|Halych-Volhynian Kingdom]].<ref name="kingdom">{{cite web|url=http://ukraine.kingdom.kiev.ua/region/22/bakota.php|title=Bakota|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=Architectural and environmental Monuments of Ukraine|language=Ukrainian| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071027131833/http://ukraine.kingdom.kiev.ua/region/22/bakota.php| archivedate= 27 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> In the 13th century, Bakota served as the political and administrative center of the Dniester Lowland (''Ponyzzia''), which was at the time part of Halych-Volhynia.<ref name="magistral"> |
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{{cite web|url=http://www.mainroad.org.ua/site/page876-ns0.html|title=Khmelnytskiy (1493, 260.1 inhabitants)|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=Magistral|language=Russian| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071012120311/http://mainroad.org.ua/site/page876-ns0.html| archivedate= 12 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The chronicle also mentions the rule of the Koriatovych dynasty over the area in 1362.<ref name="castles.com.ua">{{cite web|url=http://www.castles.com.ua/bakota.html|title=Bakota |accessdate=2007-10-07|last=Kuzin|first=Volodymyr|work=castles.com.ua|language=Ukrainian| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071011162727/http://castles.com.ua/bakota.html| archivedate= 11 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
{{cite web|url=http://www.mainroad.org.ua/site/page876-ns0.html|title=Khmelnytskiy (1493, 260.1 inhabitants)|accessdate=2007-10-07|work=Magistral|language=Russian| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071012120311/http://mainroad.org.ua/site/page876-ns0.html| archivedate= 12 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The chronicle also mentions the rule of the Koriatovych dynasty over the area in 1362.<ref name="castles.com.ua">{{cite web|url=http://www.castles.com.ua/bakota.html|title=Bakota |accessdate=2007-10-07|last=Kuzin|first=Volodymyr|work=castles.com.ua|language=Ukrainian| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071011162727/http://castles.com.ua/bakota.html| archivedate= 11 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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After being ruled by the Koriatovych dynasty, the town was controlled by [[Algirdas]], a [[monarch]] of the medieval [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name="kingdom"/> The Lithuanian Chronicle of 1362 mentions that a functioning cave monastery exists within the town.<ref name="kingdom"/> This motivated the construction of fortifications, to protect the town from [[Crimean Khanate|Crimean Tatar]] raids.<ref name="kingdom"/> In 1431, Bakota was located and shared between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]]. Bakota's inhabitants later started a revolt and proclaimed their independence, which was crushed by Poland within three years<ref name="kingdom"/> The town's fortifications and castle were also destroyed.<ref name="kingdom"/> |
After being ruled by the Koriatovych dynasty, the town was controlled by [[Algirdas]], a [[monarch]] of the medieval [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name="kingdom"/> The Lithuanian Chronicle of 1362 mentions that a functioning cave monastery exists within the town.<ref name="kingdom"/> This motivated the construction of fortifications, to protect the town from [[Crimean Khanate|Crimean Tatar]] raids.<ref name="kingdom"/> In 1431, Bakota was located and shared between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]]. Bakota's inhabitants later started a revolt and proclaimed their independence, which was crushed by Poland within three years<ref name="kingdom"/> The town's fortifications and castle were also destroyed.<ref name="kingdom"/> |
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Revision as of 19:01, 11 October 2014
Bakota
Ба́кота | |
|---|---|
Historic settlement | |
 The Dniester River's shore near Bakota's rocky hills. | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Khmelnytskyi Oblast |
| Raion |  Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion |
| First mentioned | 1240[1] |
| Elevation | 110−130 m (360−426 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Bakota (Ukrainian: Ба́кота) is a historic submerged settlement of the Rus Kingdom, modern-day Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. The village lies beneath the Dniester River and is located in the historical Podillia region.
Bakota has an ancient Orthodox cave monastery (48.585647°N, 26.999702°E), which includes ancient frescoes and paintings dating back to the 12th-14th centuries,[1] as well as preserved remains of monks.[3] Local legend has it that the Bakota Cave Monastery was founded by Saint Anthony of Kiev, who also founded the historic Kiev Pechersk Lavra in 1051, now in Kiev, Ukraine.[4] A Paleolithic archaeological site is also located near the village.[1] Bakota is currently part of the National Environmental Park "Podilski Tovtry".
Faina Melnyk, an Ukrainian discus thrower of Jewish descent and a 1972 gold medal champion in the discus event, was born in the village in 1945.[5]
History
Bakota was first mentioned in the Hypatian Chronicle in the year 1240.[1] When the town was first settled, the town was part of the state of Kievan Rus', until the middle of the 12th century when it became a part of the Halych-Volhynian Kingdom.[6] In the 13th century, Bakota served as the political and administrative center of the Dniester Lowland (Ponyzzia), which was at the time part of Halych-Volhynia.[3] The chronicle also mentions the rule of the Koriatovych dynasty over the area in 1362.[4]
After being ruled by the Koriatovych dynasty, the town was controlled by Algirdas, a monarch of the medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[6] The Lithuanian Chronicle of 1362 mentions that a functioning cave monastery exists within the town.[6] This motivated the construction of fortifications, to protect the town from Crimean Tatar raids.[6] In 1431, Bakota was located and shared between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. Bakota's inhabitants later started a revolt and proclaimed their independence, which was crushed by Poland within three years[6] The town's fortifications and castle were also destroyed.[6]
In 1893, in place of a formerly standing church, a new wooden one was constructed, founded by the Episcop of Podillia and Bratslav Dmitry.[4][7] The church was destroyed in 1960. On October 27, 1981, the village of Bakota was flooded when the New Dniester Hydroelectric Station was built.[8] The village's inhabitants were moved from the area and re-settled not far away. In 1996, large portions of Bakota's rocky hills broke off and buried most of the village's ancient caves.[8]
Notable residents
- Faina Melnyk, Olympic champion discus thrower
References
- ^ a b c d "Bakota". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
- ^ "Bakota". nebo.kiev.ua (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
- ^ a b
"Khmelnytskiy (1493, 260.1 inhabitants)". Magistral (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) [dead link] - ^ a b c Kuzin, Volodymyr. "Bakota". castles.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^
"Faina Melnik". sporting-heroes.net. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f "Bakota". Architectural and environmental Monuments of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Rock monastery, end of 13-middle 14th c." in "Monuments of architecture of Ukrainian SSR," edited by N. L. Zharikov, Kiev, "Budivelʹnyk", 1983-1986, LCCN 84-179019 Template:Ru icon
- ^ a b "Bakota". Russian Wikipedia (in Russian). Retrieved 2007-10-07.
External links
- "Cave monastery. 14th century. Item №1686". National Environmental Park "Podilski Tovtry" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Rock-cave Sviaty-Mykhailivskyi Monastery". bakota.narod.ru (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-07.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)