User:Gonzales5064/sandbox: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 14:47, 29 April 2015

1. "Pendleton Act." Pendleton Act Of 1883 (2009): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 9 Mar. 2015.

2. "Pendleton Act." (2012): Credo Reference Collections. Web. Mar. 2015

3. Martin, Phillip L.1. "The Hatch Act In Court: Some Recent Developments." Public Administration Review 33.5 (1973): 443. Legal Source. Web. 9 Mar. 2015

4. Reeves, Thomas C. "The Irony Of The Pendleton Act." Hayes Historical Journal 4.3 (1984): 38-43, America: History & Life. Web. 9 Mar, 2015.

5. "Pendleton Civil Service Act." (2010): Brittanica. Web. Mar. 2015

Let's hope I did this right...

What will we contribute? More information, I feel the article lacks information and looks very plagiarized. It looks like someone copied and pasted a bunch of information in to one big paragraph. We can contribute statistics, what type of government jobs (specifically) it affected, how many votes it passed with, etc...

Why will we contribute? I feel like when people look for information especially on Wikipedia, they should be able to go on this article and gather as much information as possible instead of reading a very uninformative article. Also to get a good grade :)

Of course we should add more sections, it only has references. We will have this done by deadline, the only difficulties I think we will have is composing everything in one. Well I speak for myself because this wiki thing confuses me, we should all communicate to make sure we are ALL in the same page.

This is a user sandbox of Gonzales5064. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article.

Elizmacias

Article Outline

• Breaking apart the two larger paragraphs and make new subsections under a summary

o Summary: Includes name of act, when it was passed who, and some basic information

                Keeping  the links provided to further the understanding on the topic
                 Adding new links for more information:
                 George Plunkitt

o History: A detailed history of events that lead to the act and what happened after the act was put into places

o Effects the Pendleton Act has caused since being in place: this will be a more up to date paragraph stating the effects of what has happened since the act has been put into place

           Include statistics, what type of government jobs (specifically) it affected, how many votes it passed with

o Sources to be used in these sections are listed under References

• See Also Section o The links provided are good links to get a better understanding on the Pendleton Act. Keeping:

 Civil Service

 Civil Service Reform Act 1978

 National Civil Service Reform League

o Adding a few more links to other Wikipedia pages could be beneficial, such as:

 Spoils System

 George H. Pendleton

 United States Civil Service Commission

o Links to cut:

 Hatch Act of 1939

• References

o The references provided can still be used to provide good information. Less focus should be on those three provided so new ones are needed to go into more detail.

o References to be used:

Hoogenboom, Ari. "The Pendleton Act and the Civil Service." The American Historical Review 1959: 301. JSTOR Journals. Web. 8 Mar. 2015.

Martin, Phillip L.1. "The Hatch Act In Court: Some Recent Developments." Public Administration Review 33.5 (1973): 443. Legal Source. Web. 9 Mar. 2015

"Patronage, the Pendleton Act, and the Power of the People†." Patronage, the Pendleton Act, and the Power of the People. The University of Texas at Austin, 03 Feb. 2003. Web. 03 Mar. 2015.

"Pendleton Act." (n.d.): CQ Press Voting & Elections Collection. Web. 8 Mar. 2015. "Pendleton Civil Service Act." (2010): Brittanica. Web. Mar. 2015

Theriault, Sean M. "Patronage, the Pendleton Act, and the Power of the People." The Journal of Politics 65.01 (2003): 50-68. Alkek Library. Web.

• Further Readings

o Could remove both already provided on Wikipedia page

o Add new readings that have more to do with the topic:

 Pendleton Act - "Digital History." Digital History. N.p., 2014. Web.

 "Pendleton Civil Service Act | United States [1883]." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 July 2014. Web. 

Rosenbloom, David H., and Mark Allen. Emmert. Centenary Issues of the Pendleton Act of 1883: The Problematic Legacy of Civil Service Reform. New York: M. Dekker, 1982. Print.Gonzales5064 (talk) 18:27, 2 April 2015 (UTC)

Edit 1

Definition

Basic edit on Grammatical structures of the first paragraph.

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) of United States is a federal law established in 1883 that decided that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.^[1] The act provided selection of government employees by competitive exams,^[1] rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation. It also made it illegal to fire or demote government officials for political reasons and prohibited soliciting campaign donations on Federal government property.^[1] To enforce the merit system and the judicial system, the law also created the United States Civil Service Commission.^[1] This board would be in charge of determining the rules and regulations.^[2]The Act also allowed for the president, by executive order to decide which positions could be subject to the act and which would not.^[2] A crucial result was the shift of the parties to reliance on funding from business,^[3] since they could no longer depend on patronage hopefuls.

History

In the year of 1877 there was growing interest in the United States concerning the effects of the spoil system on the American political system. ^[2] New York Established the Civil Service Reform Association to help address the issues, this establishment lead to several other organizations like it showing up in other cities. ^[2] The presence of these organizations was one of the first steps in trying to up end the spoils system in America. What moved the Civil Service Reform from city organizations to a leading topic in the political realm was the assassination of President James Garfield in 1881.^[2] President Garfield was assassination by Charles Guiteau, because Guiteau believed the president owed him a patronage position.^[4] After the assassination of President Garfield, Vice President Chester Aurthur acceded to presidency.^[5] As the new president Aurthur pushed through the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.^[5] In 1883 Congress passed the Civil Service Act, which is sometimes referred to as the Pendleton Act after U.S. Senator George Hunt Pendleton. ,^[2] Senator George H. Pendleton was one of the primary sponsors of the Act. The Act was written by Dorman Bridgeman Eaton, a staunch opponent of the patronage system who was later first chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission. However, the law would also prove to be a major political liability for Arthur.^[1] The law offended machine politicians, or politicians who belong to a small clique that controls a political party. ^[6] These politicians realized that with the Pendleton Act in place they would have to find a new means of income, since they could no longer count on donations from the wealthy hoping to receive jobs.^[5]

Effects

The law was only applied to federal government jobs and not to the state and local jobs that were the basis for political machines.^{[clarification needed]} At first the Pendleton Act only covered a very minimum quantity of jobs, only about 10% of the US government's civilian employees had civil service jobs.^[1] However, there was a provision that allowed outgoing presidents to lock in their own appointees by converting jobs to civil service. After a series of party reversals at the presidential level (1884, 1888, 1892, 1896), the result was that most federal jobs were under civil service.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=1098
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Civil Service 2014. Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
^ Quigley, Carroll (1966). Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time. San Pedro, CA: MacMillian Co. p. 71. ISBN 094500110X.
^ "Life and Death in the White House". The American Presidency. Smithsonian Natural Museum of American History. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Gilded Age Politics: Political Machines & Civil Service Reform". Study.Com. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
^ "Machine Politician". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 29 April 2015.

@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 == Definition ==
 * '''''Basic edit on Grammatical structures of the first paragraph.'''''
-The '''Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act''' (ch. 27, {{USStat|22|403}}) of United States is a federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit.<ref name=penl>http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=1098</ref> The act provided selection of government employees by competitive exams,<ref name="penl" /> rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation.  It also made it illegal to fire or demote government officials for political reasons and prohibited soliciting campaign donations on Federal government property.<ref name="penl" />  To enforce the merit system and the judicial system, the law also created the [[United States Civil Service Commission]].<ref name="penl" /> A crucial result was the shift of the parties to reliance on funding from business,<ref name=Tragedy>{{cite book|last=Quigley|first=Carroll|title=Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time|year=1966|publisher=MacMillian Co.|location=San Pedro, CA|isbn=094500110X|pages=71|url=http://www.amazon.com/Tragedy-Hope-History-World-Time/dp/094500110X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347944945&sr=8-1&keywords=tragedy+and+hope}}</ref> since they could no longer depend on patronage hopefuls.
+The '''Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act''' (ch. 27, {{USStat|22|403}}) of United States is a federal law established in 1883 that  decided that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.<ref name=penl>http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=1098</ref> The act provided selection of government employees by competitive exams,<ref name="penl" /> rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation.  It also made it illegal to fire or demote government officials for political reasons and prohibited soliciting campaign donations on Federal government property.<ref name="penl" />  To enforce the merit system and the judicial system, the law also created the [[United States Civil Service Commission]].<ref name="penl" /> This board would be in charge of determining the rules and regulations.<ref name=CS2014 />The Act also allowed for the president, by executive order to decide which positions could be subject to the act and which would not.<ref name=CS2014 /> A crucial result was the shift of the parties to reliance on funding from business,<ref name=Tragedy>{{cite book|last=Quigley|first=Carroll|title=Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time|year=1966|publisher=MacMillian Co.|location=San Pedro, CA|isbn=094500110X|pages=71|url=http://www.amazon.com/Tragedy-Hope-History-World-Time/dp/094500110X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347944945&sr=8-1&keywords=tragedy+and+hope}}</ref> since they could no longer depend on patronage hopefuls.
 == History ==