Humber-class monitor: Difference between revisions
Shipyard details corrected - Vickers merged with Armstrong Whitworth owners of Walkers in 1927 |
remove misplaced note on 3-pdr guns, update infobox, add dead link tags (www.naval-history.net apparently no longer exists). |
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|Ship EW= |
|Ship EW= |
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|Ship armament=2×[[BL_6_inch_naval guns Mk_XIII - XVIII#6-inch Mark XIV and XV guns in Royal Navy service|{{convert|6|in|mm|0|adj=on}} guns]] in one twin turret<br> |
|Ship armament=2×[[BL_6_inch_naval guns Mk_XIII - XVIII#6-inch Mark XIV and XV guns in Royal Navy service|{{convert|6|in|mm|0|adj=on}} guns]] in one twin turret<br> |
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2×{{convert|4.7|in|mm|0|adj=on}} howitzers<br>4×3 pndr gun<br> |
2×{{convert|4.7|in|mm|0|adj=on}} howitzers<br>4×3 pndr (47mm) gun<br> |
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1×3 pdr ( |
1×3 pdr (47mm) AA gun, 6 machine guns ''(Mersey and Severn had turret replaced by 2 single 6 inch guns in open shielded mountings, Humber had an extra 6 inch gun fitted aft retaining turret)'' |
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|Ship armour=Belt 3" - 1.5" (75mm - 40mm); Bulkheads 1.5" (40mm); Barbette 3.5" (90mm); turret face 4" (100mm) |
|Ship armour=Belt 3" - 1.5" (75mm - 40mm); Bulkheads 1.5" (40mm); Barbette 3.5" (90mm); turret face 4" (100mm) |
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|Ship armor= |
|Ship armor= |
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==Construction== |
==Construction== |
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The three ''Humber'' class monitors were originally ordered for the Brazilian Navy as the ''Javary'' class gunboats intended for inshore work on the River Amazon and its tributaries. Ordered from the [[Vickers Limited]] shipyard at Barrow -in - Furness, the three ships were launched by 1913 and were undergoing sea trials when the Brazilian government informed Vickers that they would not be able to pay for the warships. Vickers attempted to find a foreign buyer for the boats and the British government stepped in to purchase the gunboats on 4 August 1914 for ₤155,000 each in order to prevent them being bought by a neutral navy and then sold on to Germany. |
The three ''Humber'' class monitors were originally ordered for the Brazilian Navy as the ''Javary'' class gunboats intended for inshore work on the River Amazon and its tributaries. Ordered from the [[Vickers Limited]] shipyard at Barrow -in - Furness, the three ships were launched by 1913 and were undergoing sea trials when the Brazilian government informed Vickers that they would not be able to pay for the warships. Vickers attempted to find a foreign buyer for the boats and the British government stepped in to purchase the gunboats on 4 August 1914 for ₤155,000 each in order to prevent them being bought by a neutral navy and then sold on to Germany. |
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==War service== |
==War service== |
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During early 1915 [[HMS Mersey (1914)|HMS ''Mersey'']] and [[HMS Severn (1914)|HMS ''Severn'']] were dispatched to [[German East Africa]], where the [[cruiser]] [[SMS Königsberg (1905)|SMS ''Konigsberg'']] was hidden in the [[Rufiji River|Rufiji Delta]]. Only the long-range guns of the shallow-draft monitors could reach the hidden cruiser, and although the journey to East Africa took nearly six months under tow from [[Malta]], the monitors were ultimately successful in destroying the German ship, their shells directed by two seaplane observers. |
During early 1915 [[HMS Mersey (1914)|HMS ''Mersey'']] and [[HMS Severn (1914)|HMS ''Severn'']] were dispatched to [[German East Africa]], where the [[cruiser]] [[SMS Königsberg (1905)|SMS ''Konigsberg'']] was hidden in the [[Rufiji River|Rufiji Delta]]. Only the long-range guns of the shallow-draft monitors could reach the hidden cruiser, and although the journey to East Africa took nearly six months under tow from [[Malta]], the monitors were ultimately successful in destroying the German ship, their shells directed by two seaplane observers. |
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For the remainder of the war, all three ships participated in further attacks on German-held territory, ''Humber'' (which had been sent to the [[Dardanelles]] in 1915) in the Mediterranean and ''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' in [[German East Africa]], where they operated against German positions in the colony. In 1918, ''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' were transferred to the Mediterranean as well.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2.htm</ref> |
For the remainder of the war, all three ships participated in further attacks on German-held territory, ''Humber'' (which had been sent to the [[Dardanelles]] in 1915) in the Mediterranean and ''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' in [[German East Africa]], where they operated against German positions in the colony. In 1918, ''Mersey'' and ''Severn'' were transferred to the Mediterranean as well.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2015}}</ref> |
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==''Humber''-class monitors== |
==''Humber''-class monitors== |
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*[[HMS Humber (1914)|HMS ''Humber'']] (ex ''Javary''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron, then in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Dardanelles 1915.Sold 17September 1921 to F. Rijsdijk for use as a crane lighter.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar1.htm</ref> |
*[[HMS Humber (1914)|HMS ''Humber'']] (ex ''Javary''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron, then in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Dardanelles 1915.Sold 17September 1921 to F. Rijsdijk for use as a crane lighter.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar1.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[HMS Mersey (1914)|HMS ''Mersey'']] (ex ''Madeira''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in the Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS ''Konigsberg'' 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to T.W. Ward, broken up 1923.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2,htm</ref> |
*[[HMS Mersey (1914)|HMS ''Mersey'']] (ex ''Madeira''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in the Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS ''Konigsberg'' 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to T.W. Ward, broken up 1923.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2,htm{{Dead link|date=July 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[HMS Severn (1914)|HMS ''Severn'']] (ex ''Solimoes''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS ''Konigsberg'' 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to T.W. Ward, broken up 1923.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2.htm</ref> |
*[[HMS Severn (1914)|HMS ''Severn'']] (ex ''Solimoes''); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS ''Konigsberg'' 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to T.W. Ward, broken up 1923.<ref>http://www.naval-history.net/WWINavyBritishShips-Dittmar2.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2015}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 20:31, 11 July 2015
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013) |
.jpg) HMS Severn off East Africa, 1917
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Humber |
| Builders | Vickers, Barrow in Furness |
| Operators | list error: <br /> list (help) Royal Navy Brazilian Navy (intended) |
| Cost | £155,000 (equivalent to £12.5MM in 2008) |
| In service | 1914-1920 |
| Completed | 3 |
| Cancelled | 0 |
| Active | 0 |
| Lost | 0 |
| Retired | 3 |
| Preserved | 0 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Humber class monitor |
| Type | Monitor |
| Displacement | 1,260 tons standard, 1,520 tons full load |
| Length | 266.75 ft (81.3 m) |
| Beam | 49 ft (14.9 m) |
| Draught | 5.6 ft (1.7 m) |
| Propulsion | 2 shaft Triple Expansion; 2 Yarrow boilers 1,450 ihp (1,080 kW) |
| Speed | 12 knots (22 km/h) designed, 9.5 knots (18 km/h) in practice |
| Range | 1650 nm at 8 knots |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) 2×6-inch (152 mm) guns in one twin turret 2×4.7-inch (119 mm) howitzers |
| Armour | Belt 3" - 1.5" (75mm - 40mm); Bulkheads 1.5" (40mm); Barbette 3.5" (90mm); turret face 4" (100mm) |
The Humber class monitors were three large gunboats under construction for the Brazilian Navy in Britain in 1913. Designed for service on the Amazon River, the ships were of shallow draft and heavy armament and were ideally suited to inshore, riverine and coastal work but unsuitable for service at sea, where their weight and light draft reduced their speed from a projected twelve knots to under four. All three were taken over by the Royal Navy shortly before the outbreak of the First World War and were commissioned as small monitors. All three saw extensive service during the war and were sold in 1919.
Construction
The three Humber class monitors were originally ordered for the Brazilian Navy as the Javary class gunboats intended for inshore work on the River Amazon and its tributaries. Ordered from the Vickers Limited shipyard at Barrow -in - Furness, the three ships were launched by 1913 and were undergoing sea trials when the Brazilian government informed Vickers that they would not be able to pay for the warships. Vickers attempted to find a foreign buyer for the boats and the British government stepped in to purchase the gunboats on 4 August 1914 for ₤155,000 each in order to prevent them being bought by a neutral navy and then sold on to Germany.
War service
The ships were stationed at Dover for service in the English Channel, attached to the Dover Monitor Squadron. During the Battle of the Frontiers and subsequent operations in 1914, the Humber class monitors were all employed in bombarding German batteries and positions, under the command of Rear-Admiral Horace Hood.
Severn and Mersey's guns soon wore out, and they were each re-armed with a single 6" Mk VII gun stripped from the wreck of HMS Montagu, a battleship which had been wrecked on the Isle of Lundy in 1906. Humber retained her twin gun turret throughout the war, with guns being replaced by refurbished guns removed from the other two ships as needed.
During early 1915 HMS Mersey and HMS Severn were dispatched to German East Africa, where the cruiser SMS Konigsberg was hidden in the Rufiji Delta. Only the long-range guns of the shallow-draft monitors could reach the hidden cruiser, and although the journey to East Africa took nearly six months under tow from Malta, the monitors were ultimately successful in destroying the German ship, their shells directed by two seaplane observers.
For the remainder of the war, all three ships participated in further attacks on German-held territory, Humber (which had been sent to the Dardanelles in 1915) in the Mediterranean and Mersey and Severn in German East Africa, where they operated against German positions in the colony. In 1918, Mersey and Severn were transferred to the Mediterranean as well.[1]
Humber-class monitors
- HMS Humber (ex Javary); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron, then in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Dardanelles 1915.Sold 17September 1921 to F. Rijsdijk for use as a crane lighter.[2]
- HMS Mersey (ex Madeira); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in the Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS Konigsberg 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to T.W. Ward, broken up 1923.[3]
- HMS Severn (ex Solimoes); commissioned 1914, served in Dover Monitor Squadron and off the Rufiji Delta, ending war in Mediterranean. Battle Honors: Belgian Coast 1914, Action v. SMS Konigsberg 11 July 1915. Sold 9 May 1921 to T.W. Ward, broken up 1923.[4]
See also
References
- Buxton, Ian. Big Gun Monitors 2nd edition - Seforth Publishing 2008, ISBN 978-1-84415-719-8
- Dittmar, F. J. & Colledge, J. J., "British Warships 1914-1919", (Ian Allan, London, 1972), ISBN 0-7110-0380-7
- Gray, Randal (ed), "Conway's All The Worlds Fighting Ships, 1906-1921", (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1985), ISBN 0-85177-245-5
External links
