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| first = Shiing-Shen. | authorlink = Shiing-Shen_Chern
| first = Shiing-Shen. | authorlink = Shiing-Shen_Chern
|author2=W. H. Chen
|author2=W. H. Chen
author3=K.S. Lam
|author3=K.S. Lam
| title = Lectures on Differential Geometry
| title = Lectures on Differential Geometry
| year= 1999
| year= 1999

Revision as of 17:32, 3 March 2016

對給定黎曼度量的二階張量的(trace)

已知若-張量,則其(trace)為

對二階張量我們定義其對應黎曼度量(trace)為:

-張量,所以其是有定義的。

,為 -張量場,將第二指數上升讓-張量變成-張量即,

我們有

注意:雖然這裡是上升第二指數(raising the second index),不過對第一指數上升也會得到相同結果。


  • Chern, Shiing-Shen.; W. H. Chen; K.S. Lam (1999) [1999]. Lectures on Differential Geometry. World Scientific. ISBN 978-9810241827.