Nummela Standard Baseline: Difference between revisions
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'''Standard baseline''' is a constant distance used to [[calibration|calibrate]] rangefinders.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jokela |first1=jorma |last2=Häkli |first2=P. |last3=Poutanen |first3=M. |last4=Kallio |first4=U. |last5=Ahola |first5=J. |editor-last1=Kenyon |editor-first1=Steve |editor-last2=Pacino |
'''Standard baseline''' is a constant distance used to [[calibration|calibrate]] rangefinders.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jokela |first1=jorma |last2=Häkli |first2=P. |last3=Poutanen |first3=M. |last4=Kallio |first4=U. |last5=Ahola |first5=J. |editor-last1=Kenyon |editor-first1=Steve |editor-last2=Pacino |
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|editor-first2=Maria Christina |editor-last3=Marti |editor-first3=Urs |series=International Association of Geodesy Symposia |title=Geodesy for Planet Earth |volume=Improving Length and Scale Traceability in Local Geodynamical Measurements |page=59 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | url=http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_8|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_8 |location=Buenos Aires, Argentina |date=2012 |orig-year=2011 |isbn=978-3-642-20338-1 }}</ref> In [[Finland]], standard baseline is located in municipality of [[Vihti]], Nummelanharju ([[esker]]) where it was built in 1932.<ref name="Ey">{{cite journal |
|editor-first2=Maria Christina |editor-last3=Marti |editor-first3=Urs |series=International Association of Geodesy Symposia |title=Geodesy for Planet Earth |volume=Improving Length and Scale Traceability in Local Geodynamical Measurements |page=59 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | url=http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_8|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_8 |location=Buenos Aires, Argentina |date=2012 |orig-year=2011 |isbn=978-3-642-20338-1 }}</ref> In [[Finland]], standard baseline is located in municipality of [[Vihti]], Nummelanharju ([[esker]]) where it was built in 1932.<ref name="Ey">{{cite journal |
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|url=http://www.fgi.fi/julkaisut/pdf/FGI_Publ_144.pdf |
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|journal=The finnish geodetic institute |
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|publisher=Publications of the finnish Geodetic institute |
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|isbn=978-951-711-283-3 |
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|access-date=2016-06-16 |
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|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812095219/http://www.fgi.fi/julkaisut/pdf/FGI_Publ_144.pdf |
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|archivedate=12 August 2011 |
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| ⚫ | }}</ref> Winding ridge of stratified gravel and sand was chosen as a location for measurements since temperature variations cause very little displacement on soil where benchmarks are located. Measurement devices such as [[theodolite]] and mirrors are then placed on those pillars. Careful preliminary measurements such as levelling height differences of observation pillars reference points are required before actual measurements can begin. |
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In 1947, white light [[Interference (wave propagation)|interference]] based measurement system was taken to use.<ref>{{cite journal| last =Jokela | first =Jorma | last2 =Häkli | first2 =Pasi | date =8-13 October 2006 | title =Current research and development at the Nummela Standard Baseline. Conference proceedings | url =https://www.fig.net/pub/fig2006/papers/ps05_02/ps05_02_02_jokela_hakli_0371.pdf | journal =Shaping the Change, XXIII FIG Congress | publisher = | volume = | issue = | pages = | bibcode = | doi = | access-date= }}</ref> It was developed by [[Yrjö Väisälä]]. Before that baseline was defined by [[quartz]] made measuring rod, which was used to calibrate 24-meter long [[invar|invar-wire]]. Standard baselines length is invar-wire multiplied by 36, which is 864 meters.<ref>{{cite journal| last =Pollinger | first =Florian | last2 =Meyer | first2 =Tobias| last3 =Beyer | first3 =Jens| last4 =R Doloca | first4 =Nicolae| last5 =Schellin | first5 =Wolfgang| last6 =Niemeier | first6 =Wolfgang| last7 =Jokela | first7 =Jorma| last8 =Häkli | first8 =Pasi| last9 =Abou-Zeid | first9 =Ahmed| last10 =Meiners-Hagen | first10 =Karl |
In 1947, white light [[Interference (wave propagation)|interference]] based measurement system was taken to use.<ref>{{cite journal| last =Jokela | first =Jorma | last2 =Häkli | first2 =Pasi | date =8-13 October 2006 | title =Current research and development at the Nummela Standard Baseline. Conference proceedings | url =https://www.fig.net/pub/fig2006/papers/ps05_02/ps05_02_02_jokela_hakli_0371.pdf | journal =Shaping the Change, XXIII FIG Congress | publisher = | volume = | issue = | pages = | bibcode = | doi = | access-date= }}</ref> It was developed by [[Yrjö Väisälä]]. Before that baseline was defined by [[quartz]] made measuring rod, which was used to calibrate 24-meter long [[invar|invar-wire]]. Standard baselines length is invar-wire multiplied by 36, which is 864 meters.<ref>{{cite journal| last =Pollinger | first =Florian | last2 =Meyer | first2 =Tobias| last3 =Beyer | first3 =Jens| last4 =R Doloca | first4 =Nicolae| last5 =Schellin | first5 =Wolfgang| last6 =Niemeier | first6 =Wolfgang| last7 =Jokela | first7 =Jorma| last8 =Häkli | first8 =Pasi| last9 =Abou-Zeid | first9 =Ahmed| last10 =Meiners-Hagen | first10 =Karl |
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Revision as of 09:05, 23 June 2016
Standard baseline is a constant distance used to calibrate rangefinders.[1] In Finland, standard baseline is located in municipality of Vihti, Nummelanharju (esker) where it was built in 1932.[2] Winding ridge of stratified gravel and sand was chosen as a location for measurements since temperature variations cause very little displacement on soil where benchmarks are located. Measurement devices such as theodolite and mirrors are then placed on those pillars. Careful preliminary measurements such as levelling height differences of observation pillars reference points are required before actual measurements can begin.
In 1947, white light interference based measurement system was taken to use.[3] It was developed by Yrjö Väisälä. Before that baseline was defined by quartz made measuring rod, which was used to calibrate 24-meter long invar-wire. Standard baselines length is invar-wire multiplied by 36, which is 864 meters.[4]
Measured numerical value for the 2007 standard baseline is 864 122.86 millimetres ±0.002 mm to ±0.007 mm uncertainty.[2] 864 122.86 mm ≈ 864 m. Previously used quartz rod had 0.1 mm deviation from 1 meter – intended length – and it was taken account in new measurements.[2]
Sources
- ^ Jokela, jorma; Häkli, P.; Poutanen, M.; Kallio, U.; Ahola, J. (2012) [2011]. Kenyon, Steve; Pacino, Maria Christina; Marti, Urs (eds.). Geodesy for Planet Earth. International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Vol. Improving Length and Scale Traceability in Local Geodynamical Measurements. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 59. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_8. ISBN 978-3-642-20338-1.
- ^ a b c Jokela, Jorma; Häkli, Pasi (2010). "Interference measurements of the Nummela standard baseline in 2005 and 2007" (PDF). The finnish geodetic institute. 144. Publications of the finnish Geodetic institute. ISBN 978-951-711-283-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Jokela, Jorma; Häkli, Pasi (8–13 October 2006). "Current research and development at the Nummela Standard Baseline. Conference proceedings" (PDF). Shaping the Change, XXIII FIG Congress.
- ^ Pollinger, Florian; Meyer, Tobias; Beyer, Jens; R Doloca, Nicolae; Schellin, Wolfgang; Niemeier, Wolfgang; Jokela, Jorma; Häkli, Pasi; Abou-Zeid, Ahmed; Meiners-Hagen, Karl (2012). "The upgraded PTB 600 m baseline: a high-accuracy reference for the calibration and the development of long distance measurement devices},". {Measurement Science and Technology. 23 (9): 094018. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/23/9/094018. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
External links
- Nummela Standard Baseline – The Finnish Geospatial Research Institute
- MIKES and Finnish Geodetic Institute perform the most accurate geodetic baseline measurements in the world
60°20′21.72″N 24°18′36.47″E / 60.3393667°N 24.3101306°E
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