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* A '''transcription factor''' or ''' promoter factor''' is a [[protein]] that controls the rate of [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]] of [[genetics|genetic]] information from [[DNA]] to [[messenger RNA]], by binding to a specific [[DNA sequence]].<ref name="pmid9570129">{{cite journal | vauthors=Latchman DS | title=Transcription factors: an overview | journal=The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | volume=29 | issue=12 | pages=1305–12 | date=Dec 1997 | pmid=9570129 | doi=10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00085-X }}</ref><ref name="pmid2128034">{{cite journal | vauthors=Karin M | title=Too many transcription factors: positive and negative interactions | journal=The New Biologist | volume=2 | issue=2 | pages=126–31 | date=Feb 1990 | pmid=2128034}}</ref>}} or '''Cpf1''' is a single [[RNA|RNA-guided]] [[endonuclease]] lacking a small trans-encoded RNA, a [[tracrRNA]], and it utilizes a T-rich 2-6 [[base pair]] DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the [[Cas9]] [[nuclease]] in the [[CRISPR]] bacterial [[adaptive immune system]]<ref name="pmid23403393">{{cite journal | vauthors=Shah SA, Erdmann S, Mojica FJ, Garrett RA | title=Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity | journal= [[RNA Biology]] | volume=10 |issue=5 | year=2013 | pages=891-899 | doi=10.4161/rna.23764 | pmc=3737346 | pmid=23403393}}</ref>, also known as [[Protospacer adjacent motif|PAM]].<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Zetsche B, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Slaymaker IM, Makarova KS, Essletzbichler P, Volz SE, Joung J, van der Oost J, Regev A, Koonin EV, Zhang F| title=Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System. | journal=Cell | year= 2015 | volume= 163 | issue= 3 | pages= 759–771| doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038| pmc= | url=http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(15)01200-3}}</ref> It recognizes a T-rich PAM, TTTN, but on the 5' side of the guide. Cpf1 cleaves [[DNA]] via a staggered DNA double-stranded break.<ref>[https://benchling.com/pub/cpf1 Using Cpf1 for CRISPR] published by "''Benchling''" (2015)</ref>
* A '''transcription factor''' or ''' promoter factor''' is a [[protein]] that controls the rate of [[transcription (genetics)|transcription]] of [[genetics|genetic]] information from [[DNA]] to [[messenger RNA]], by binding to a specific [[DNA sequence]].<ref name="pmid9570129">{{cite journal | vauthors=Latchman DS | title=Transcription factors: an overview | journal=The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | volume=29 | issue=12 | pages=1305–12 | date=Dec 1997 | pmid=9570129 | doi=10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00085-X }}</ref><ref name="pmid2128034">{{cite journal | vauthors=Karin M | title=Too many transcription factors: positive and negative interactions | journal=The New Biologist | volume=2 | issue=2 | pages=126–31 | date=Feb 1990 | pmid=2128034}}</ref>}} or '''Cpf1''' is a single [[RNA|RNA-guided]] [[endonuclease]] lacking a small trans-encoded RNA, a [[tracrRNA]], and it utilizes a T-rich 2-6 [[base pair]] DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the [[Cas9]] [[nuclease]] in the [[CRISPR]] bacterial [[adaptive immune system]]<ref name="pmid23403393">{{cite journal | vauthors=Shah SA, Erdmann S, Mojica FJ, Garrett RA | title=Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity | journal= [[RNA Biology]] | volume=10 |issue=5 | year=2013 | pages=891-899 | doi=10.4161/rna.23764 | pmc=3737346 | pmid=23403393}}</ref>, also known as [[Protospacer adjacent motif|PAM]].<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Zetsche B, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Slaymaker IM, Makarova KS, Essletzbichler P, Volz SE, Joung J, van der Oost J, Regev A, Koonin EV, Zhang F| title=Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System. | journal=Cell | year= 2015 | volume= 163 | issue= 3 | pages= 759–771| doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038| pmc= | url=http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(15)01200-3}}</ref> It recognizes a T-rich PAM, TTTN, but on the 5' side of the guide. Cpf1 cleaves [[DNA]] via a staggered DNA double-stranded break.<ref>[https://benchling.com/pub/cpf1 Using Cpf1 for CRISPR] published by "''Benchling''" (2015)</ref>
==Genome editing==
==Genome editing==
Out of 16 Cpf1-family [[protein]]s, scientists identified two candidate enzymes from ''[[Acidaminococcus]]'' and ''[[Lachnospiraceae]]'', with efficient [[Genome editing|genome-editing]] activity in [[human cell]]s.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v34/n8/full/nbt.3620.html Genome-wide specificities of CRISPR-Cas Cpf1 nucleases in human cells] por Benjamin P Kleinstiver,
Out of 16 Cpf1-family [[protein]]s, scientists identified two candidate enzymes from ''[[Acidaminococcus]]'' and ''[[Lachnospiraceae]]'', with efficient [[Genome editing|genome-editing]] activity in [[human cell]]s.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v34/n8/full/nbt.3620.html Genome-wide specificities of CRISPR-Cas Cpf1 nucleases in human cells] by Benjamin P Kleinstiver,
Shengdar Q Tsai,
Shengdar Q Tsai,
Michelle S Prew,
Michelle S Prew,

Revision as of 18:06, 26 December 2016

In molecular biology, Centromere and Promoter Factor 1[a] or Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease lacking a small trans-encoded RNA, a tracrRNA, and it utilizes a T-rich 2-6 base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system[4], also known as PAM.[5] It recognizes a T-rich PAM, TTTN, but on the 5' side of the guide. Cpf1 cleaves DNA via a staggered DNA double-stranded break.[6]

Genome editing

Out of 16 Cpf1-family proteins, scientists identified two candidate enzymes from Acidaminococcus and Lachnospiraceae, with efficient genome-editing activity in human cells.[7] Cpf1 was introduced with features that SpCas9 is lacking. Cpf1 requires only a 42-nt short CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to find its target, instead of the ~100-nt guide RNA for SpCas9, and it recognizes a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) that is 5′ instead of 3′ of the target site.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Pollard, T.D. (2007). Cell Biology. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 200–203. ISBN 978-1-4160-2255-8.
  2. ^ Latchman DS (Dec 1997). "Transcription factors: an overview". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 29 (12): 1305–12. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00085-X. PMID 9570129.
  3. ^ Karin M (Feb 1990). "Too many transcription factors: positive and negative interactions". The New Biologist. 2 (2): 126–31. PMID 2128034.
  4. ^ Shah SA, Erdmann S, Mojica FJ, Garrett RA (2013). "Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity". RNA Biology. 10 (5): 891–899. doi:10.4161/rna.23764. PMC 3737346. PMID 23403393.
  5. ^ Zetsche B, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Slaymaker IM, Makarova KS, Essletzbichler P, Volz SE, Joung J, van der Oost J, Regev A, Koonin EV, Zhang F (2015). "Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System". Cell. 163 (3): 759–771. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038.
  6. ^ Using Cpf1 for CRISPR published by "Benchling" (2015)
  7. ^ Genome-wide specificities of CRISPR-Cas Cpf1 nucleases in human cells by Benjamin P Kleinstiver, Shengdar Q Tsai, Michelle S Prew, Nhu T Nguyen, Moira M Welch, Jose M Lopez, Zachary R McCaw, Martin J Aryee & J Keith Joung in "Nature Biotechnology" 34, 869–874 (2016) doi:10.1038/nbt.3620 Published online 27 June 2016
  8. ^ Showdown between Cas9 and Cpf1 by Nature Methods 13, 714 - (2016) doi:10.1038/nmeth.3979 Published online 30 August 2016
  1. ^
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