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The '''hadith of the twelve successors''', or '''twelve caliphs''' ({{lang-ar-at|حديث الاثني عشر خليفة|ḥadīth al-ithnā ‘ashar khalīfah}}) is an [[Islam]]ic prophecy, attributed to [[Muhammad]]. It is perhaps most popular among [[Twelver|Twelver Shiites]], as they affirm the prophecy was fulfilled by the [[The Twelve Imams|Twelve Imams]]. According to the prophecy there will reign twelve [[Caliphate|caliphs]]—presumably the first being crowned upon the Prophet's death—and after which the Caliphate would either cease to exist or lose significant political influence. It is stated that all twelve caliphs will be from the tribe of Quraysh.<!-- 31 references for the lead is absurd! <ref>{{Cite web|title = Hadith - The Book on Government - Sahih Muslim - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|url = http://sunnah.com/muslim/33/9|website = sunnah.com|access-date = 2016-02-15}}</ref><ref name="hdt1" /><ref name="hdt2" /><ref name="hdt3" /><ref name="hdt4" /><ref>[[Sahih Bukhari]], Book 89, Hadith #329</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book 20 Hadith #4477</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book 20 Hadith #4478</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Sahih Muslim, Book 20 Hadith #4480</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book #020 Hadith #4481</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book #020 Hadith #4482</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book #020, Hadith #4483</ref><ref>Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. 5 Pg. 106</ref><ref>Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. 5 Pg. 87</ref><ref>Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. 1 Pg. 398</ref><ref>Sunan Abu Dawoud, Book 36 Number 4266</ref><ref>Sunan al-Tirmidhi (Arabic) Chapter of Fitan, 2:45 (India) 4:501 Tradition #2225 (Egypt) Hadith #2149 (numbering of al-'Alamiyyah)</ref><ref name="hdt5" /><ref name="hdt6" /><ref>Tarikh al-Khulafaa, The chapter of the duration of the Caliphs, pg 7</ref><ref name="hdt6a" /><ref>Musnad Ahmad, Vol. 5, pg 107</ref><ref name="hdt7" /><ref name="hdt8" /><ref name="hdt9" /><ref>al-Mo'jam al-Kabeer, Vol. 2 Pg. 238. No. 1883</ref><ref name="hdt9a" /><ref name="hdt10" /><ref name="hdt11" /><ref>Kamaal al-Deen, Vol. 1, pg 272, Chap 24, Tr. No 21</ref><ref name="hdt12" /><ref name="hdt13" /><ref name="hdt14" /><ref name="hdt15" /><ref>Al-Juwayni, Fara’id al-Simtayn, Mu’assassat al-Mahmudi li-Taba’ah, Beirut 1978, p. 160</ref><ref>Fara'id al Simtain, volume 2, page 132</ref>-->
The '''hadith of the twelve successors''', or '''twelve caliphs''' ({{lang-ar-at|حديث الاثني عشر خليفة|ḥadīth al-ithnā ‘ashar khalīfah}}) is an [[Islam]]ic prophecy, attributed to [[Muhammad]]. It is perhaps most popular among [[Twelver|Twelver Shiites]], as they affirm the prophecy was fulfilled by the [[The Twelve Imams|Twelve Imams]]. According to the prophecy there will reign twelve [[Caliphate|caliphs]]—presumably the first being crowned upon the Prophet's death—and after which the Caliphate would either cease to exist or lose significant political influence. It is stated that all twelve caliphs will be from the tribe of Quraysh.<!-- 31 references for the lead is absurd! <ref>{{Cite web|title = Hadith - The Book on Government - Sahih Muslim - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)|url = http://sunnah.com/muslim/33/9|website = sunnah.com|access-date = 2016-02-15}}</ref><ref name="hdt1" /><ref name="hdt2" /><ref name="hdt3" /><ref name="hdt4" /><ref>[[Sahih Bukhari]], Book 89, Hadith #329</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book 20 Hadith #4477</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book 20 Hadith #4478</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Sahih Muslim, Book 20 Hadith #4480</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book #020 Hadith #4481</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book #020 Hadith #4482</ref><ref>[[Sahih Muslim]], Book #020, Hadith #4483</ref><ref>Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. 5 Pg. 106</ref><ref>Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. 5 Pg. 87</ref><ref>Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. 1 Pg. 398</ref><ref>Sunan Abu Dawoud, Book 36 Number 4266</ref><ref>Sunan al-Tirmidhi (Arabic) Chapter of Fitan, 2:45 (India) 4:501 Tradition #2225 (Egypt) Hadith #2149 (numbering of al-'Alamiyyah)</ref><ref name="hdt5" /><ref name="hdt6" /><ref>Tarikh al-Khulafaa, The chapter of the duration of the Caliphs, pg 7</ref><ref name="hdt6a" /><ref>Musnad Ahmad, Vol. 5, pg 107</ref><ref name="hdt7" /><ref name="hdt8" /><ref name="hdt9" /><ref>al-Mo'jam al-Kabeer, Vol. 2 Pg. 238. No. 1883</ref><ref name="hdt9a" /><ref name="hdt10" /><ref name="hdt11" /><ref>Kamaal al-Deen, Vol. 1, pg 272, Chap 24, Tr. No 21</ref><ref name="hdt12" /><ref name="hdt13" /><ref name="hdt14" /><ref name="hdt15" /><ref>Al-Juwayni, Fara’id al-Simtayn, Mu’assassat al-Mahmudi li-Taba’ah, Beirut 1978, p. 160</ref><ref>Fara'id al Simtain, volume 2, page 132</ref>-->

The [[hadith]] states:
Narrated Jabir ibn Samura: I heard the [[Prophet]] (s) saying: "There will be Twelve Commanders." He then said a sentence which I did not hear. My father said, the [[Prophet]] added, "All of them will be from [[Quraysh]]."[[Sahih al-Bukhari]] (English), Hadith: Volume 9 Book 89 [[Hadith]] 329, Kitabul Ahkam; Sahih al-Bukhari, (Arabic), 4:165, Kitabul Ahkam] The [[Prophet]] (s) said: "The Religion ([[Islam]]) will continue until the Hour (Day of Resurrection), having Twelve Caliphs for you, all of them will be from [[Quraysh]]" [Sahih Muslim, (English), Chapter DCCLIV, v3, p1010, Tradition #4483; Sahih Muslim (Arabic), Kitab al-Imaara, 1980 Saudi Arabian Edition, v3, p1453, Tradition #10]<ref>https://www.al-islam.org/articles/beliefs-twelve-successors</ref>The [[hadith]] is found in both [[Shia]] and [[Sunni]] books and is regarded authentic and [[sahih]] by both sects of [[Islam]].

Above the [[Prophet]] of [[Islam]], [[Muhammad]] states that will twelve successors will succeed him and that they will be of the [[Quraysh]] tribe, of [[Muhammad]]'s family and kin, the [[Ahl al-Bayt]]. Shias argue that [[Abu Bakr]], [[Umar]] and [[Uthman]] were not of [[Muhammad]]'s tribe therefore the wrongful successors. All of the twelve imams in [[Shia Islam]], are of the [[Quraysh]] tribe and trace there way back as being descendants of [[Muhammad]], thus supporting the true meaning of this Hadith and the successors of the [[Muhammad]]. <ref>https://www.al-islam.org/verses-ghadir-al-mustafa-center-islamic-researches/2-prophet-s-foretells-about-twelve-imams</ref><ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt</ref>


Another interpretation is that the prophecy was fulfilled by the [[Rashidun|Rashidun Caliphs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schiiten.com/backup/AhlelBayt.com/www.ahlelbayt.com/articles/rebuttals/12-caliphs.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=January 24, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511192252/http://www.schiiten.com/backup/AhlelBayt.com/www.ahlelbayt.com/articles/rebuttals/12-caliphs.html |archivedate=May 11, 2013 }}</ref> Some commentators, such as [[Ibn Kathir]] and [[Ibn Taymiyya]], link this hadith with the biblical account of [[Moses]] and his twelve deputies.<ref>[[Tarikh ibn Kathir]] [http://al-islam.org/twelve/3.htm 250]</ref><ref>[[Tarikh ibn Kathir]], [http://al-islam.org/twelve/3.htm volume 6, p. 249-250]</ref><ref>[[Tarikh ibn Kathir]], 6:248; [[Kanz al-Ummal]], 13:27; [[Al-Haskani]], [[Shawahid al-Tanzil]], 1:455, Tradition No. 626.</ref><ref>[[Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] v1 p398 and p406; [[Mustadrak al-Hakim]], 4:501; [[Al-Dhahabi]], [[Talkhis al-Mustadrak]] 4:501. I; [[Ibn Hajar Asqalani]], [[Fath al-Bari]] 16:339; #[[Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami]], [[Majma al-Zawa'id]] 5:190; [[Ibn Hajar Al-Haythami]], [[Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqa]], vol 12; [[Suyuti]], [[History of the Caliphs|Tarikh al-Khulafa]], Vol 10; [[Jami' al-Saghir]] 1:75; [[Kanz al-Ummal]], 13:27</ref>
Another interpretation is that the prophecy was fulfilled by the [[Rashidun|Rashidun Caliphs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schiiten.com/backup/AhlelBayt.com/www.ahlelbayt.com/articles/rebuttals/12-caliphs.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=January 24, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511192252/http://www.schiiten.com/backup/AhlelBayt.com/www.ahlelbayt.com/articles/rebuttals/12-caliphs.html |archivedate=May 11, 2013 }}</ref> Some commentators, such as [[Ibn Kathir]] and [[Ibn Taymiyya]], link this hadith with the biblical account of [[Moses]] and his twelve deputies.<ref>[[Tarikh ibn Kathir]] [http://al-islam.org/twelve/3.htm 250]</ref><ref>[[Tarikh ibn Kathir]], [http://al-islam.org/twelve/3.htm volume 6, p. 249-250]</ref><ref>[[Tarikh ibn Kathir]], 6:248; [[Kanz al-Ummal]], 13:27; [[Al-Haskani]], [[Shawahid al-Tanzil]], 1:455, Tradition No. 626.</ref><ref>[[Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] v1 p398 and p406; [[Mustadrak al-Hakim]], 4:501; [[Al-Dhahabi]], [[Talkhis al-Mustadrak]] 4:501. I; [[Ibn Hajar Asqalani]], [[Fath al-Bari]] 16:339; #[[Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami]], [[Majma al-Zawa'id]] 5:190; [[Ibn Hajar Al-Haythami]], [[Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqa]], vol 12; [[Suyuti]], [[History of the Caliphs|Tarikh al-Khulafa]], Vol 10; [[Jami' al-Saghir]] 1:75; [[Kanz al-Ummal]], 13:27</ref>

Revision as of 18:47, 10 February 2017

The hadith of the twelve successors, or twelve caliphs (Template:Lang-ar-at) is an Islamic prophecy, attributed to Muhammad. It is perhaps most popular among Twelver Shiites, as they affirm the prophecy was fulfilled by the Twelve Imams. According to the prophecy there will reign twelve caliphs—presumably the first being crowned upon the Prophet's death—and after which the Caliphate would either cease to exist or lose significant political influence. It is stated that all twelve caliphs will be from the tribe of Quraysh.

The hadith states: Narrated Jabir ibn Samura: I heard the Prophet (s) saying: "There will be Twelve Commanders." He then said a sentence which I did not hear. My father said, the Prophet added, "All of them will be from Quraysh."Sahih al-Bukhari (English), Hadith: Volume 9 Book 89 Hadith 329, Kitabul Ahkam; Sahih al-Bukhari, (Arabic), 4:165, Kitabul Ahkam] The Prophet (s) said: "The Religion (Islam) will continue until the Hour (Day of Resurrection), having Twelve Caliphs for you, all of them will be from Quraysh" [Sahih Muslim, (English), Chapter DCCLIV, v3, p1010, Tradition #4483; Sahih Muslim (Arabic), Kitab al-Imaara, 1980 Saudi Arabian Edition, v3, p1453, Tradition #10][1]The hadith is found in both Shia and Sunni books and is regarded authentic and sahih by both sects of Islam.

Above the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad states that will twelve successors will succeed him and that they will be of the Quraysh tribe, of Muhammad's family and kin, the Ahl al-Bayt. Shias argue that Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman were not of Muhammad's tribe therefore the wrongful successors. All of the twelve imams in Shia Islam, are of the Quraysh tribe and trace there way back as being descendants of Muhammad, thus supporting the true meaning of this Hadith and the successors of the Muhammad. [2][3]

Another interpretation is that the prophecy was fulfilled by the Rashidun Caliphs.[4] Some commentators, such as Ibn Kathir and Ibn Taymiyya, link this hadith with the biblical account of Moses and his twelve deputies.[5][6][7][8]

List of Caliphs

  1. Abu Bakr
  2. Umar
  3. Uthman
  4. Ali
  5. Hasan ibn Ali
  6. Ibrahim Ibn Awwad [9] [citation needed]
  7. TBD
  8. TBD
  9. TBD
  10. TBD
  11. TBD
  12. Mahdi [10]

See also

References

  1. ^ https://www.al-islam.org/articles/beliefs-twelve-successors
  2. ^ https://www.al-islam.org/verses-ghadir-al-mustafa-center-islamic-researches/2-prophet-s-foretells-about-twelve-imams
  3. ^ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir 250
  6. ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir, volume 6, p. 249-250
  7. ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir, 6:248; Kanz al-Ummal, 13:27; Al-Haskani, Shawahid al-Tanzil, 1:455, Tradition No. 626.
  8. ^ Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal v1 p398 and p406; Mustadrak al-Hakim, 4:501; Al-Dhahabi, Talkhis al-Mustadrak 4:501. I; Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Fath al-Bari 16:339; #Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami, Majma al-Zawa'id 5:190; Ibn Hajar Al-Haythami, Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqa, vol 12; Suyuti, Tarikh al-Khulafa, Vol 10; Jami' al-Saghir 1:75; Kanz al-Ummal, 13:27
  9. ^ "'Deviant and Pathological': What Do ISIS Extremists Really Want? - NBC News". NBC News. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
  10. ^ "The hadeeth "There will appear among you twelve imams coming one after another, all of them from Quraysh." - islamqa.info". islamqa.info. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
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