User:Jlafrentz1/sandbox: Difference between revisions
Added to Kings County |
Added to Tulare County |
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|283,533 (62.4%) |
|283,533 (62.4%) |
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Educational Attainment is 68.4% of high school graduate or higher. |
'''Educational Attainment''' is 68.4% of high school graduate or higher.<ref name=":5" /> |
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Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level: |
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level: |
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* Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.8% |
* Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.8% |
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The Median Household Income is $42,031 |
The '''Median Household Income''' is $42,031.<ref name=":5" /> |
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Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars): |
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Total Households 133,570 |
Total Households 133,570 |
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Earnings of less than $10,000 is 10,235 (7.7%) people |
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 10,235 (7.7%) people |
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Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 170,780 |
'''Industry''' (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 170,780<ref name=":5" /> |
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Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 33,244 19.5% |
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Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 28.1% |
'''Poverty''' (Individuals below poverty level): 28.1%<ref name=":5" /> |
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[[Census-designated place|Census-Designated Place (CDP):]] 59 |
[[Census-designated place|Census-Designated Place (CDP):]] 59<ref name=":5" /> |
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8. <u>Kern County</u> has a population of 865,736 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by [https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml# United States Census Bureau.] |
8. <u>Kern County</u> has a population of 865,736 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by [https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml# United States Census Bureau.] |
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Revision as of 03:10, 6 March 2017
 | This is a user sandbox of Jlafrentz1. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
Nitrates and Water Contamination in California's Central Valley
California’s Central Valley is well-known for its agriculture fields. Nitrogen fertilizers used in these fields can leach into water systems, which tend to have outdated water infrastructure, through the use of intensive irrigation systems[1]. Most of these water systems are generally in areas of low-income communities, and studies done in the San Joaquin Valley shows the disproportionate effect on low-income communities that are exposed to nitrates in water,[2] as about 95% of people in the San Joaquin Valley rely on groundwater for drinking[1]. The prevalence of low-income earners in the Central Valley impedes the ability of the people in the community to leave, or to update the outdated water infrastructure or operate water-filtering systems. Non-compliant water wells are demarcated on maps, which means they are contaminated and have not been addressed[3]. Considering the demographics, such as population, race, income, education, and occupation, of the Central Valley is important in demonstrating the environmental injustice of nitrate exposure in the Central Valley; the information provided will be from the US Consensus Bureau.
Nitrates interfere with the bloods ability to carry oxygen, and can have severe health effects on pregnant women, infants under 6 months, and children who drink formula using tap water[4]. Because nitrates interfere with bloods capacity to carry oxygen, infants are at high risk of death from blue-baby syndrome, which can occur when there are high nitrate levels in the blood that are untreated[4]. Community Water Center (CWC) is a non-profit organization based in Tulare County that is actively working in communities by organizing, educating, and advocating for access to clean, safe, and affordable drinking water in the San Joaquin Valley[5]. CWC is the only non-profit organization working with communities in San Joaquin Valley affected by contaminated water.
Water Infrastructure
This section will describe the existing water infrastructure of the Central Valley, such as the California State Water Project and the Central Valley Project. [6] This section will also observe the faults of the current infrastructure that affect the distribution of water and obstruct the enactment of policies. [7]
San Joaquin Valley
San Joaquin Valley within the Central Valley of California is made up of eight counties that are well-known for agriculture[8]. Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigated agriculture is common, and according to Thomas Harter, the Chair for Water Resources Management and Policy at UC Davis, “more than 80 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year may leach into groundwater beneath irrigated lands, usually as nitrates”[9]. Because these communities are cut off from larger water distribution, they are dependent on wells[10], making groundwater a source of drinking water for 90% of San Joaquin Valley's residents[11]. The residents of San Joaquin Valley are 63.6% Latino, according to US Census data from July 2015[12].
Nitrates have found their way into the aquifers around the San Joaquin Valley, affecting over 250,000 people in communities that are poor and rural[10]. Between the 1950s and 1980s, when nitrogen fertilizer use grew sixfold, nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased 2.5 times[13]. In 2006, the State Water Resources Board took samples from domestic wells in Tulare County; they found that 40% of 181 domestic wells had nitrate levels above the 10 mg/L legal limit[8]. Though locals have typically used filters for their water, those filters require being "installed properly, and they have to be replaced periodically," which may not be economically feasible for the residents in Orosi[14].
Demographics
Sacramento Valley lies on the Northern part of California’s Central Valley. It contains 10 counties: Tehama County, Butte County, Glenn County, Colusa County, Yuba County, Sutter County, Yolo County, Sacramento County, Shasta County, and Placer County.[15]
1.Tehama County has a population of 63,152 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 54,591 (86.4%) |
| Black or African American | 321 (0.5%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 1,846 (2.9%) |
| Asian | 809 (1.3%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 126 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 14,813 (23.5%) |
Educational Attainment is 82.3% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 25.3%
- High school graduate: 17.0%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 14.0%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 8.6%
The Median Household Income is $41,001.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 23,704
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 1,554 (6.6%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 23,127[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 1,645 7.1%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 19.8%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 14[16]
2. Butte County has a population of 222,564 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 185,408 (83.3%) |
| Black or African American | 3,189 (1.4%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 2,553 (1.1%) |
| Asian | 9,591 (4.3%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 405 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 33,800 (15.2%) |
Educational Attainment is 88.0% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 29.6%
- High school graduate: 19.0%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 16.0%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 7.7%
The Median Household Income is $43,444.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 85,318
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 7,162 (8.4%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 89,411[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 3,249 3.6%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 21.9%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 25[16]
3. Glenn County has a population of 28,029 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 23,897 (85.3%) |
| Black or African American | 271 (1.0%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 548 (2.0%) |
| Asian | 695 (2.5%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 99 (0.4%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 11,094 (39.6%) |
Educational Attainment is 75.0% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
Less than high school graduate: 25.3%
High school graduate: 16.8%
Some college or associate’s degree: 16.7%
Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.7%
The Median Household Income is $39,349.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 9,497
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 843 (8.9%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 10,523[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 2,031 19.3%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 20.8%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 7[16]
4. Colusa County has a population of 21,396 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 18,188 (85.0%) |
| Black or African American | 151 (0.7%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 231 (1.1%) |
| Asian | 419 (2.0%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 39 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 12,277 (57.4%) |
Educational Attainment is 68.2% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 17.3%
- High school graduate: 11.2%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 8.5%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 4.3%
The Median Household Income is $52,168.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 6,966
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 303 (4.3%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 8,837[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 2,425 27.4%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 15.0%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 7[16]
5. Yuba County has a population of 73,437 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 51,470 (70.1%) |
| Black or African American | 2,456 (3.3.%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 1,147 (1.6%) |
| Asian | 5,277 (7.2%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 238 (0.3%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 19,611 (26.7%) |
Educational Attainment is 80.8% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 28.9%
- High school graduate: 19.4%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 13.0%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 8.1%
The Median Household Income is $46,892.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 25,139
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 1,423 (5.7%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 25,499[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 1,338 5.2%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 21.9%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 9[16]
6. Sutter County has a population of 95,247 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 66,258 (69.6%) |
| Black or African American | 2,049 (2.2%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 1,033 (1.1%) |
| Asian | 14,044 (14.7%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 288 (0.3%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 28,261 (29.7%) |
Educational Attainment is 78.5% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 25.4%
- High school graduate: 15.3%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 10.8%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 4.9%
The Median Household Income is $52,017.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 31,917
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 1,672 (5.2%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 37,520[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 3,318 8.8%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 17.8%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 7[16]
7. Yolo County has a population of 207,320 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 137,009 (66.1%) |
| Black or African American | 5,409 (2.6%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 1,955 (0.9%) |
| Asian | 28,324 (13.7%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 1,021 (0.5%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 64,526 (31.1%) |
Educational Attainment is 85.5% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 25.5%[16]
- High school graduate: 15.6%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 11.3%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.5%
The Median Household Income is $54,989.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 71,997
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 5,336 (7.4%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 92,806[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 3,815 4.1%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 19.9%
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 9[16]
8. Sacramento County has a population of 1,465,832 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 873,442 (59.6%) |
| Black or African American | 145,959 (10.0%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 11,633 (0.8%) |
| Asian | 220,485 (15.0%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 15,148 (1.0%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 326,742 (22.3%) |
Educational Attainment is 86.6% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 31.5%
- High school graduate: 18.4%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 12.9%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.4%
The Median Household Income is $55,987.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 522,596
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 33,699 (6.4%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 633,897[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 5,308 0.8%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 18.2%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 28[16]
9. Shasta County has a population of 178,942 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 155,251 (86.8%) |
| Black or African American | 1,788 (1.0%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 4,654 (2.6%) |
| Asian | 4,735 (2.6%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 389 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 16,384 (9.2%) |
Educational Attainment is 89.3% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 28.8%
- High school graduate: 16.6%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 12.9%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 7.2%
The Median Household Income is $44,620.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 69,375
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 5,115 (7.4%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 69,261[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 1,626 2.3%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 18.0%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 19[16]
10. Placer County has a population of 366,280 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 306,371 (83.6) |
| African or African American | 5,183 (1.4%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 1,982 (0.5%) |
| Asian | 24,468 (6.7%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 525 (0.1%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 49,158 (13.4%) |
Educational Attainment is 94.1% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 20.3%
- High school graduate: 11.5%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 8.3%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 3.7%
The Median Household Income is $73,948.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 135,456
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 5,535 (4.1%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 162,616[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 956 0.6%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 8.9%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 16[16]
San Joaquin Valley lies on the Southern part of California’s Central Valley. It contains 8 counties: San Joaquin County, Stanislaus County, Merced County, Madera County, Fresno County, Kings County, Tulare County, and Kern County.[15]
1.San Joaquin County has a population of 708,554 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 403,891 (57.0%) |
| Black or African American | 50,263 (7.1%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 4,652 (0.7%) |
| Asian | 104,763 (14.8%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 3,867 (0.5%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 284,168 (40.1%) |
Educational Attainment is 78.0% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 26.4%
- High school graduate: 16.0%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 11.6%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.3%
The Median Household Income is $53,274.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 219,073
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 13,557 (6.2%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 280,460[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 13,988 5.0%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 18.6%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 21[16]
2. Stanislaus County has a population of 527,367 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 397,080 (75.3%) |
| Black or African American | 14,335 (2.7%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 4,183 (0.8%) |
| Asian | 28,560 (5.4%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 4,003 (0.8%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 230,087 (43.6%) |
Educational Attainment is 77.2% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 28.1%
- High school graduate: 17.3%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 12.4%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.1%
The Median Household Income is $50,125.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 169,196
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 10,547 (6.2%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 208,428[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 11,559 5.5%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 20.3%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 22[16]
3. Merced County has a population of 263,885 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 161,431 (61.2%) |
| Black or African American | 9,020 (3.4%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 1,787 (0.7%) |
| Asian | 19,904 (7.5%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 546 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 150,222 (56.9%) |
Educational Attainment is 67.9% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 27.4%
- High school graduate: 18.4%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 15.8%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 6.7%
The Median Household Income is $42,462.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 77,692
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 5,718 (7.4%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 96,170[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 13,038 13.6%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 26.1%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 19[16]
4. Madera County has a population of 708,554 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 125,082 (81.7%) |
| Black or African American | 5,313 (3.5%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 2,325 (1.5%) |
| Asian | 3,252 (2.1%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 263 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 85,245 (55.6%) |
Educational Attainment is 70.8% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 27.7%
- High school graduate: 20.3%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 13.3%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 7.6%
The Median Household Income is $45,073.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 43,159
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 3,656 (8.5%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 53,032[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 10,545 19.9%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 23.5%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 13[16]
5. Fresno County has a population of 956,749 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 570,451 (59.6%) |
| Black or African American | 48,499 (5.1%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 9,796 (1.0%) |
| Asian | 93,499 (9.8%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 2,010 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 494,077 (51.6%) |
Educational Attainment is 73.5% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 36.2%
- High school graduate: 21.5%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 15.2%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.4%
The Median Household Income is $45,233.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 296,305
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 23,689 (8.0%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 374,564[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 38,869 10.4%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 26.8%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 27[16]
6. Kings County has a population of 150,998 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 103,289 (68.4%) |
| Black or African American | 9,397 (6.2%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 1,993 (1.3%) |
| Asian | 5,602 (3.7%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 382 (0.3%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 79,452 (52.6%) |
Educational Attainment is 72.2% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 30.3%
- High school graduate: 22.2%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 12.9%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 3.7%
The Median Household Income is $46,481.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 41,554
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 2,898 (7.0%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 50,960[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 7,898 15.5%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 22.6%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 7[16]
7. Tulare County has a population of 454,033 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 367,167 (80.9%) |
| Black or African American | 7,846 (1.7%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 6,089 (1.3%) |
| Asian | 15,427 (3.4%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 615 (0.1%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 283,533 (62.4%) |
Educational Attainment is 68.4% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 35.4%
- High school graduate: 22.5%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 15.1%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 5.8%
The Median Household Income is $42,031.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 133,570
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 10,235 (7.7%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 170,780[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 33,244 19.5%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 28.1%[16]
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 59[16]
8. Kern County has a population of 865,736 according to the report of 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau.
| White | 646,683 (74.7%) |
| Black or African American | 49,021 (5.7%) |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 10,086 (1.2%) |
| Asian | 39,550 (4.6%) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 1,314 (0.2%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 441,496 (51.0%) |
Educational Attainment is 73.4% of high school graduate or higher.[16]
Poverty rate for the population 25 Years and over for which poverty status is determined by educational attainment level:
- Less than high school graduate: 30.7%[16]
- High school graduate: 18.5%
- Some college or associate’s degree: 14.3%
- Bachelor’s degree or higher: 4.6%
The Median Household Income is $49,026.[16]
Income and Benefits (In 2015 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars):
Total Households 259,700
Earnings of less than $10,000 is 17,888 (6.9%) people
Industry (Civilian employed population 16 years and over) 327,294[16]
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 54,628 16.7%
Poverty (Individuals below poverty level): 23.5%
Census-Designated Place (CDP): 48[16]
This section will include information on population, race, income, and education.[17] Since this article is going to be about nitrates and water contamination, we will be including information on specific water wells that have been directly impacted by nitrates. [18]
Agriculture (Fertilizers)
Talking about the use of nitrate rich fertilizers in the agricultural industry in the California Central Valley. Focusing on the (1) Economic standpoint of why farmers still use it. (2) The farming techniques that cause large amounts of nitrate runoff. (3)The alternatives that can be used, and why nitrate filled fertilizers are still being used.
Health Impacts of Nitrates
No one was assigned this section and will probably be developed further by the entire group. We will discuss the health implications of nitrates here, specifically any syndromes, diseases, or symptoms that occur with high nitrate levels in the blood[19].
Notes and References
[20]
[21]
[22]
Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page).https://phys.org/news/2012-06-genetic-alternative-fertilizer.html http://www.reopure.com/nitratinfo.html https://www.soils.org/discover-soils/story/agricultural-contribution-nitrates-california-groundwater https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/is/ffldrs/pdfs/NitrateAndAgInCA-booklet.pdfCite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page).
- ^ a b Balazs, Carolina L.; Morello-Frosch, Rachel (2017-03-01). "The Three R's: How Community Based Participatory Research Strengthens the Rigor, Relevance and Reach of Science". Environmental justice (Print). 6 (1). doi:10.1089/env.2012.0017. ISSN 1939-4071. PMC 3832061. PMID 24260590.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3230390/.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ https://waterboards.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=573c97635cc747b8bb73cf1c8706fc22&mobileBreakPoint=480.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b http://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/communitywatercenter/pages/51/attachments/original/1394384278/CWC_Nitrate_Eng.pdf?1394384278.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Community Water Center". Community Water Center. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
- ^ "California State Water Project-Central Valley Project". www.water.ca.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
- ^ http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_512EHR.pdf
- ^ a b Pacific Institute (Mar 2011). "The Human Costs of Nitrate-contaminated Water in the San Joaquin Valley" (PDF). Pacific Institute.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Harter, Thomas (2009). "Agricultural Impacts on Groundwater Nitrate" (PDF). Southwest Hydrology. 8: 22–23.
- ^ a b AFP (September 19, 2016). "Nitrates Poison Water in California's Central Valley". Community Water Center.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Community Water Center (Dec 2013). "Water & Health in the Valley: Nitrate Contamination of Drinking Water and the Health of San Joaquin Valley Residents" (PDF). Community Water Center.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)". www.census.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-05.
- ^ "Groundwater Shock: The Polluting of the World's Major Freshwater Stores | Worldwatch Institute". www.worldwatch.org (in cust-en). Retrieved 2017-03-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Carroll, Gerald (Nov 14, 2006). "Tulare County Private Wells Test High for Nitrates" (PDF). Visalia Times-Delta.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/97/09/.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml#.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml#.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ https://waterboards.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=573c97635cc747b8bb73cf1c8706fc22&mobileBreakPoint=480.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ http://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/communitywatercenter/pages/51/attachments/original/1394384278/CWC_Nitrate_Eng.pdf?1394384278.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Nitrates poison water in California's Central Valley".
- ^ http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/9/5/1593/htm.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ http://www.communitywatercenter.org/nitrates_poison_water.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)