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'''Ahmet Ali Çelikten'''<ref name="DZKK">[http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/birliktanitimi/DzHavaUsKLigi/dzhvuskomweb.htm "Türk Deniz Havacılık Tarihi"] in the official website of the Naval Air Base Command of the [[Turkish Naval Forces]]. {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref name="THKT">Ajun Kurter, ''Türk Hava Kuvvetleri Tarihi'', Cilt 5, Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=cboLTvCfHKX-mAXaloG-Bg&ct=result&id=Ej8wAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22Ahmet+Ali%22+%22T%C3%BCrk+Hava+Kuvvetleri%22&q=%22Ahmet+Ali%22#search_anchor p. 299.] {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref name="Posta4">[http://www.posta.com.tr/pazarpostasi/HaberDetay/Dunyanin_ilk_siyahi_pilotu__Arap_Ahmet.htm?ArticleID=65707&PageIndex=4 Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -4 "Pilotlarla Dolu Bir Aile"], ''[[Posta (newspaper)|Posta]]'', 20 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> (born İzmirli Alioğlu Ahmed; 1883&ndash;1969), also known as '''Arap Ahmet Ali'''<ref name="THKT"/> or '''İzmirli Ahmet Ali''',<ref name="DZKK"/> was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] aviator who was one of the first black pilots in aviation history.<ref name="ReferenceA">NTV History Magazine Issue:26, March 2011{{page needed|date=June 2011}}</ref> He was one of the few black pilots in [[World War I]], like Afro-American [[Eugene Bullard|Eugene Jacques Bullard]], William Robinson Clarke from Jamaica (flying for Britain),<ref name="RAFMuseum">[http://www.rafmuseumstoryvault.org.uk/sheet/spotlight-pilots-of-the-caribbean Royal Air Force Museum storyvault]</ref> Pierre Réjon from Martinique (flying for France)<ref name="Autrehistoire">[http://www.une-autre-histoire.org/pierre-rejon-biographie/ Une autre histoire]</ref> and Domenico Mondelli from Eritrea (flying for Italy).<ref name="Valeri">Mauro Valeri, ''Il generale nero. Domenico Mondelli: bersagliere, aviatore e ardito'', Ed. Odradek, Roma, 2015.</ref> His grandmother was enslaved in [[Bornu Empire|Bornu]] (now in [[Nigeria]]) and brought to the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name=virtin>[http://www.habervitrini.com/dunyanin_ilk_siyah_pilotu_arap_ahmet-518917.html DÜNYANIN İLK SİYAH PİLOTU: ARAP AHMET], ''Havervitrin'', 8 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref>
'''Ahmet Ali Çelikten'''<ref name="DZKK">[http://www.dzkk.tsk.tr/turkce/birliktanitimi/DzHavaUsKLigi/dzhvuskomweb.htm "Türk Deniz Havacılık Tarihi"] in the official website of the Naval Air Base Command of the [[Turkish Naval Forces]]. {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref name="THKT">Ajun Kurter, ''Türk Hava Kuvvetleri Tarihi'', Cilt 5, Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=cboLTvCfHKX-mAXaloG-Bg&ct=result&id=Ej8wAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22Ahmet+Ali%22+%22T%C3%BCrk+Hava+Kuvvetleri%22&q=%22Ahmet+Ali%22#search_anchor p. 299.] {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref name="Posta4">[http://www.posta.com.tr/pazarpostasi/HaberDetay/Dunyanin_ilk_siyahi_pilotu__Arap_Ahmet.htm?ArticleID=65707&PageIndex=4 Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -4 "Pilotlarla Dolu Bir Aile"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312232418/http://www.posta.com.tr/pazarpostasi/HaberDetay/Dunyanin_ilk_siyahi_pilotu__Arap_Ahmet.htm?ArticleID=65707&PageIndex=4 |date=12 March 2012 }}, ''[[Posta (newspaper)|Posta]]'', 20 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> (born İzmirli Alioğlu Ahmed; 1883&ndash;1969), also known as '''Arap Ahmet Ali'''<ref name="THKT"/> or '''İzmirli Ahmet Ali''',<ref name="DZKK"/> was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] aviator who was one of the first black pilots in aviation history.<ref name="ReferenceA">NTV History Magazine Issue:26, March 2011{{page needed|date=June 2011}}</ref> He was one of the few black pilots in [[World War I]], like Afro-American [[Eugene Bullard|Eugene Jacques Bullard]], William Robinson Clarke from Jamaica (flying for Britain),<ref name="RAFMuseum">[http://www.rafmuseumstoryvault.org.uk/sheet/spotlight-pilots-of-the-caribbean Royal Air Force Museum storyvault]</ref> Pierre Réjon from Martinique (flying for France)<ref name="Autrehistoire">[http://www.une-autre-histoire.org/pierre-rejon-biographie/ Une autre histoire]</ref> and Domenico Mondelli from Eritrea (flying for Italy).<ref name="Valeri">Mauro Valeri, ''Il generale nero. Domenico Mondelli: bersagliere, aviatore e ardito'', Ed. Odradek, Roma, 2015.</ref> His grandmother was enslaved in [[Bornu Empire|Bornu]] (now in [[Nigeria]]) and brought to the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name=virtin>[http://www.habervitrini.com/dunyanin_ilk_siyah_pilotu_arap_ahmet-518917.html DÜNYANIN İLK SİYAH PİLOTU: ARAP AHMET] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311212733/http://www.habervitrini.com/dunyanin_ilk_siyah_pilotu_arap_ahmet-518917.html |date=11 March 2011 }}, ''Havervitrin'', 8 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref>
==Biography==
==Biography==
[[File:DenizTayyareMektebi.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Ottoman Navy|Ottoman naval]] aviators of the Naval Flight School (''Deniz Tayyare Mektebi'') at [[Yeşilköy|Aya Stefanos]]; ''left to right'': pilot Ahmet Ali (Çelikten), Sami (Uçan), İhsan and observer Hüseyin Kâmil (Görgün).]]
[[File:DenizTayyareMektebi.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Ottoman Navy|Ottoman naval]] aviators of the Naval Flight School (''Deniz Tayyare Mektebi'') at [[Yeşilköy|Aya Stefanos]]; ''left to right'': pilot Ahmet Ali (Çelikten), Sami (Uçan), İhsan and observer Hüseyin Kâmil (Görgün).]]
Ahmet was born in 1883 in [[İzmir]], in the [[Aidin Vilayet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref name="Posta1">[http://www.posta.com.tr/pazarpostasi/HaberDetay/Dunyanin_ilk_siyahi_pilotu__Arap_Ahmet.htm?ArticleID=65707&PageIndex=1 Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -1], ''Posta'', 20 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> to his mother Zenciye Emine Hanım of [[Nigerian]] descent<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=9DIRBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT42&dq=|title= Caribbean Volunteers at War: The Forgotten Story of the RAF's 'Tuskegee Airmen'|author=Mark Johnson|publisher=Pen and Sword|year=2014|isbn=978-1-473-8348-73}}</ref> and father Ali Bey, of [[Afro Turks|African Turkish]] descent.<ref name="Posta2">[http://www.posta.com.tr/pazarpostasi/HaberDetay/Dunyanin_ilk_siyahi_pilotu__Arap_Ahmet.htm?ArticleID=65707&PageIndex=2 Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -2], ''Posta'', 20 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> He aimed to become a sailor and entered the Naval Technical School named ''Haddehâne Mektebi'' (literally "School of the Blooming Mill") in 1904.<ref name="Posta2"/> In 1908, he graduated from this school as a [[First Lieutenant]] (''Mülâzım-ı evvel'').<ref name="Posta2"/> And then he went to aviation courses in the Naval Flight School (''Deniz Tayyare Mektebi'') that was formed on 25 June 1914 at [[Yeşilköy]].<ref name="DZKK"/> He was then a member of the [[Ottoman Air Force]].
Ahmet was born in 1883 in [[İzmir]], in the [[Aidin Vilayet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref name="Posta1">[http://www.posta.com.tr/pazarpostasi/HaberDetay/Dunyanin_ilk_siyahi_pilotu__Arap_Ahmet.htm?ArticleID=65707&PageIndex=1 Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -1], ''Posta'', 20 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> to his mother Zenciye Emine Hanım of [[Nigerian]] descent<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=9DIRBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT42&dq=|title= Caribbean Volunteers at War: The Forgotten Story of the RAF's 'Tuskegee Airmen'|author=Mark Johnson|publisher=Pen and Sword|year=2014|isbn=978-1-473-8348-73}}</ref> and father Ali Bey, of [[Afro Turks|African Turkish]] descent.<ref name="Posta2">[http://www.posta.com.tr/pazarpostasi/HaberDetay/Dunyanin_ilk_siyahi_pilotu__Arap_Ahmet.htm?ArticleID=65707&PageIndex=2 Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -2], ''Posta'', 20 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> He aimed to become a sailor and entered the Naval Technical School named ''Haddehâne Mektebi'' (literally "School of the Blooming Mill") in 1904.<ref name="Posta2"/> In 1908, he graduated from this school as a [[First Lieutenant]] (''Mülâzım-ı evvel'').<ref name="Posta2"/> And then he went to aviation courses in the Naval Flight School (''Deniz Tayyare Mektebi'') that was formed on 25 June 1914 at [[Yeşilköy]].<ref name="DZKK"/> He was then a member of the [[Ottoman Air Force]].


During [[World War I]], he married Hatice Hanım (1897–1991) who was an immigrant from [[Preveza]].<ref name="Posta4"/> He became one of the first black military pilots in aviation history when he started serving in November 1916. On 18 December 1917, [[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]] (''Yüzbaşı'') Ahmed Ali was sent to [[Berlin]] to complete aviation courses.<ref name=virtin>[http://www.habervitrini.com/dunyanin_ilk_siyah_pilotu_arap_ahmet-518917.html DÜNYANIN İLK SİYAH PİLOTU: ARAP AHMET], ''Havervitrin'', 8 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> He died in 1969.
During [[World War I]], he married Hatice Hanım (1897–1991) who was an immigrant from [[Preveza]].<ref name="Posta4"/> He became one of the first black military pilots in aviation history when he started serving in November 1916. On 18 December 1917, [[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]] (''Yüzbaşı'') Ahmed Ali was sent to [[Berlin]] to complete aviation courses.<ref name=virtin>[http://www.habervitrini.com/dunyanin_ilk_siyah_pilotu_arap_ahmet-518917.html DÜNYANIN İLK SİYAH PİLOTU: ARAP AHMET] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311212733/http://www.habervitrini.com/dunyanin_ilk_siyah_pilotu_arap_ahmet-518917.html |date=11 March 2011 }}, ''Havervitrin'', 8 March 2011. {{Tr icon}}</ref> He died in 1969.
[[File:Ottoman Pilots.jpg|thumb|right|Ottoman Pilots in 1914/1915 next to a Blériot XI-2 monoplane. Ahmet Ali Çelikten can be seen next to the propeller.''.]]
[[File:Ottoman Pilots.jpg|thumb|right|Ottoman Pilots in 1914/1915 next to a Blériot XI-2 monoplane. Ahmet Ali Çelikten can be seen next to the propeller.''.]]


Revision as of 11:09, 28 June 2017

Ahmet Ali Çelikten
Ahmet Ali
Birth nameİzmirli Alioğlu Ahmed
Nickname(s)Arap Ahmet Ali
İzmirli Ahmet Ali
Born1883
İzmir, Aidin Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Died1969 (aged 85–86)
Allegiance Ottoman Empire
 Turkey
Service/branch Ottoman Navy[1]
 Ottoman Air Force
 Turkish Navy
 Turkish Air Force
Years of serviceOttoman Empire: 1908–1920
Turkey: 1920–1949
RankCaptain
Battles/warsWorld War I
Turkish War of Independence

Ahmet Ali Çelikten[1][2][3] (born İzmirli Alioğlu Ahmed; 1883–1969), also known as Arap Ahmet Ali[2] or İzmirli Ahmet Ali,[1] was an Ottoman aviator who was one of the first black pilots in aviation history.[4] He was one of the few black pilots in World War I, like Afro-American Eugene Jacques Bullard, William Robinson Clarke from Jamaica (flying for Britain),[5] Pierre Réjon from Martinique (flying for France)[6] and Domenico Mondelli from Eritrea (flying for Italy).[7] His grandmother was enslaved in Bornu (now in Nigeria) and brought to the Ottoman Empire.[4][8]

Biography

Ottoman naval aviators of the Naval Flight School (Deniz Tayyare Mektebi) at Aya Stefanos; left to right: pilot Ahmet Ali (Çelikten), Sami (Uçan), İhsan and observer Hüseyin Kâmil (Görgün).

Ahmet was born in 1883 in İzmir, in the Aidin Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire[9] to his mother Zenciye Emine Hanım of Nigerian descent[10] and father Ali Bey, of African Turkish descent.[11] He aimed to become a sailor and entered the Naval Technical School named Haddehâne Mektebi (literally "School of the Blooming Mill") in 1904.[11] In 1908, he graduated from this school as a First Lieutenant (Mülâzım-ı evvel).[11] And then he went to aviation courses in the Naval Flight School (Deniz Tayyare Mektebi) that was formed on 25 June 1914 at Yeşilköy.[1] He was then a member of the Ottoman Air Force.

During World War I, he married Hatice Hanım (1897–1991) who was an immigrant from Preveza.[3] He became one of the first black military pilots in aviation history when he started serving in November 1916. On 18 December 1917, Captain (Yüzbaşı) Ahmed Ali was sent to Berlin to complete aviation courses.[8] He died in 1969.

Ottoman Pilots in 1914/1915 next to a Blériot XI-2 monoplane. Ahmet Ali Çelikten can be seen next to the propeller..

Legacy

To quote David Nicolle's book, The Ottoman Army 1914–1918, "Most Ottoman aircrew were recruited from the Turkish heartland ... others came from the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire as far south as Yemen, or even from neutral Iran. Captain Ahmet was a mix of Arab-African and Turkish origin and may have been the first 'Black' Air Force pilot in aviation history, having received his 'wings' in 1914-15." The book features a photo of Ahmet in front of a Bleriot XI-2 trainer at the Yeşilköy flying school. The same photo is featured in "Over the Front", Volume 9, No. 3, Fall 1994. Ahmet's "wings" would seem to have been earned prior to Bullard's earning his brevet No. 6259 on 20 July 1917, though Bullard is often cited as history's first black military aviator.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Türk Deniz Havacılık Tarihi" in the official website of the Naval Air Base Command of the Turkish Naval Forces. Template:Tr icon
  2. ^ a b Ajun Kurter, Türk Hava Kuvvetleri Tarihi, Cilt 5, Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, 2009, p. 299. Template:Tr icon
  3. ^ a b Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -4 "Pilotlarla Dolu Bir Aile" Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Posta, 20 March 2011. Template:Tr icon
  4. ^ a b c NTV History Magazine Issue:26, March 2011[page needed]
  5. ^ Royal Air Force Museum storyvault
  6. ^ Une autre histoire
  7. ^ Mauro Valeri, Il generale nero. Domenico Mondelli: bersagliere, aviatore e ardito, Ed. Odradek, Roma, 2015.
  8. ^ a b DÜNYANIN İLK SİYAH PİLOTU: ARAP AHMET Archived 11 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Havervitrin, 8 March 2011. Template:Tr icon
  9. ^ Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -1, Posta, 20 March 2011. Template:Tr icon
  10. ^ Mark Johnson (2014). Caribbean Volunteers at War: The Forgotten Story of the RAF's 'Tuskegee Airmen'. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-473-8348-73.
  11. ^ a b c Dünyanın ilk siyahi pilotu: ARAP AHMET -2, Posta, 20 March 2011. Template:Tr icon

Further reading

  • David Nicolle, The Ottoman Army 1914-1918, Osprey, Men-at-Arms Series, 1994.
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