Izidorius Pocius: Difference between revisions
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'''Izidorius Pocius''' (b. ca [[1865]], [[Eržvilkas|Eržvilkas volost']], [[Russian Empire]] – d. ca [[1935]] near [[Eržvilkas]] |
'''Izidorius Pocius''' (b. ca [[1865]], [[Eržvilkas|Eržvilkas volost']], [[Russian Empire]] – d. ca [[1935]] near [[Eržvilkas]]; pseudonym ''Juzis'') was a Lithuanian vendor and a book smuggler (''[[knygnešys]]''), mostly operating inside what is now [[Tauragė district]] and surrounding areas. |
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Izidorius Pocius was born in a poor peasants' family.<ref>[[Lithuanian State Historical Archive|LVIA]], f. 669, ap. 21</ref> His father was a village musician who would travel from one village to another. Izidorius spent most of his childhood in the village of [[Pagiriai]] (current [[Jurbarkas district municipality]]), where the family finally moved and settled in the early 1870s. Izidorius' mother died while giving birth, when Izidorius was still small. All younger brothers and sisters of Izidorius died in their childhood, already before the death of their mother. Izidorius' father, |
Izidorius Pocius was born in a poor peasants' family.<ref>[[Lithuanian State Historical Archive|LVIA]], f. 669, ap. 21</ref> His father was a village musician who would travel from one village to another. Izidorius spent most of his childhood in the village of [[Pagiriai]] (current [[Jurbarkas district municipality]]), where the family finally moved and settled in the early 1870s. Izidorius' mother died while giving birth, when Izidorius was still small. All younger brothers and sisters of Izidorius died in their childhood, already before the death of their mother. Izidorius' father, a widower, got married for the second time and had more children. Izidorius grew up with his father, step-mother and half-brothers and sisters. |
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Izidorius joined the Lithuanian book smugglers movement presumably after reachig adulthood |
Izidorius joined the Lithuanian book smugglers movement presumably after reachig adulthood. He collaborated with many book smugglers from [[Raseiniai uezd]], such as [[Jonas Švedas (book smuggler)|Jonas Švedas]], [[Viktoras Alijošius]], [[Juozas Sakalauskas]] among others. He helped Rev. [[Julijonas Jasienskis]], the chief editor of the newspaper 'Cross' (''Kryžius'') and a chaplain serving in [[Palanga]] Progymnasium, to deliver the manuscripts to the printing houses in [[Lithuania Minor]].<ref>Benjaminas Kaluškevičius, Kazys Misius. ''Lietuvos knygnešiai ir daraktoriai 1864–1904'', 2004, Vilnius, pp. 1776, ''Diemedis'' Printing house, ISBN: 9986231175</ref> He also distributed other illegal books brought by the other book smugglers, bringing considerable amounts of literature from Lithuania Minor himself. He would then bind the books and distribute them inside [[Raseiniai uezd]].<ref>Benjaminas Kaluškevičius, Kazys Misius. ''Lietuvos knygnešiai ir daraktoriai 1864–1904'', 2004, Vilnius, pp. 3894, ''Diemedis'' Printing house, ISBN: 9986231175</ref> |
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After having become a skilled book smuggler he passed on his experience to the younger book smugglers. It is documented that Izidorius Pocius introduced [[Jonas Pakatinskas-Katiliukas]], who later became a famous book smuggler, and his brother Kazimiras to the activities by taking them along to [[Tilsit]] in 1892. |
After having become a skilled book smuggler he passed on his experience to the younger book smugglers. It is documented that Izidorius Pocius introduced [[Jonas Pakatinskas-Katiliukas]], who later became a famous book smuggler, and his brother Kazimiras to the activities by taking them along to [[Tilsit]] in 1892.<ref>Benjaminas Kaluškevičius, Kazys Misius. ''Lietuvos knygnešiai ir daraktoriai 1864–1904'', 2004, Vilnius, pp. 3593, ''Diemedis'' Printing house, ISBN: 9986231175</ref> |
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In [[1893]], 46 Lithuanian books were confiscated by the police in [[Panevėžys]] from Izidorius, while he was penalised with one month confinement in the police custody for 1 month on the orders of the [[general governor]] of [[Vilna Governorate]]. Five years later he was caught again, this time carrying 9 books in [[Šiauliai]] and put in the police custody for 1 month again in [[December]] [[1898]]. He was arrested again in [[1900]] in [[Truskava]]. He was beaten by the police on the way from one confinement place to another. I. Pocius consequently fell ill as a result of the beatings and poor conditions during the confinement and lost his sanity. He would reportedly spend the rest of his life wandering around, always carrying a leather basket used for transporting smuggled books on his shoulders and holding an eight-edged gnarled stick. He would receive a former book smugglers' pension, 50 [[Litas]] a month, starting from [[1928]], but he would constantly run out of money, according to the contemporaries. |
In [[1893]], 46 Lithuanian books were confiscated by the police in [[Panevėžys]] from Izidorius, while he was penalised with one month confinement in the police custody for 1 month on the orders of the [[general governor]] of [[Vilna Governorate]]. Five years later he was caught again, this time carrying 9 books in [[Šiauliai]] and put in the police custody for 1 month again in [[December]] [[1898]]. He was arrested again in [[1900]] in [[Truskava]]. He was beaten by the police on the way from one confinement place to another. I. Pocius consequently fell ill as a result of the beatings and poor conditions during the confinement and lost his sanity. He would reportedly spend the rest of his life wandering around, always carrying a leather basket used for transporting smuggled books on his shoulders and holding an eight-edged gnarled stick. He would receive a former book smugglers' pension, 50 [[Litas]] a month, starting from [[1928]], but he would constantly run out of money, according to the contemporaries. |
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His nephew [[Antanas Pocius]] was a Lithuanian organist and composer. |
His nephew [[Antanas Pocius]] was a Lithuanian organist and composer. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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* Benjaminas Kaluškevičius. ''Lietuvos knygnešiai ir daraktoriai 1864–1904'', 2004, Vilnius, ''Diemedis'' Printing house (Lithuanian); |
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== Further reading == |
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* ''1905 m. revoliucijos įvykiai Eržvilko valsčiuje'' (Lithuanian); |
* ''1905 m. revoliucijos įvykiai Eržvilko valsčiuje'' (Lithuanian); |
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* Žemaitytė. ''Nenutapytas knygnešio portretas''. |
* Žemaitytė-Narkevičienė. ''Nenutapytas knygnešio portretas''. |
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[[Category:People from Tauragė County]] |
[[Category:People from Tauragė County]] |
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Revision as of 11:24, 31 January 2018
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Izidorius Pocius | |
|---|---|
| Born | ca 1865 near Eržvilkas, Russian Empire |
| Died | ca 1935 |
| Occupation(s) | vendor (official) Lithuanian book smuggler (clandestine) |
| Spouse | single |
| Parent(s) | Antanas Pocius and Veronika Povilaitytė |
Izidorius Pocius (b. ca 1865, Eržvilkas volost', Russian Empire – d. ca 1935 near Eržvilkas; pseudonym Juzis) was a Lithuanian vendor and a book smuggler (knygnešys), mostly operating inside what is now Tauragė district and surrounding areas.
Izidorius Pocius was born in a poor peasants' family.[1] His father was a village musician who would travel from one village to another. Izidorius spent most of his childhood in the village of Pagiriai (current Jurbarkas district municipality), where the family finally moved and settled in the early 1870s. Izidorius' mother died while giving birth, when Izidorius was still small. All younger brothers and sisters of Izidorius died in their childhood, already before the death of their mother. Izidorius' father, a widower, got married for the second time and had more children. Izidorius grew up with his father, step-mother and half-brothers and sisters.
Izidorius joined the Lithuanian book smugglers movement presumably after reachig adulthood. He collaborated with many book smugglers from Raseiniai uezd, such as Jonas Švedas, Viktoras Alijošius, Juozas Sakalauskas among others. He helped Rev. Julijonas Jasienskis, the chief editor of the newspaper 'Cross' (Kryžius) and a chaplain serving in Palanga Progymnasium, to deliver the manuscripts to the printing houses in Lithuania Minor.[2] He also distributed other illegal books brought by the other book smugglers, bringing considerable amounts of literature from Lithuania Minor himself. He would then bind the books and distribute them inside Raseiniai uezd.[3]
After having become a skilled book smuggler he passed on his experience to the younger book smugglers. It is documented that Izidorius Pocius introduced Jonas Pakatinskas-Katiliukas, who later became a famous book smuggler, and his brother Kazimiras to the activities by taking them along to Tilsit in 1892.[4]
In 1893, 46 Lithuanian books were confiscated by the police in Panevėžys from Izidorius, while he was penalised with one month confinement in the police custody for 1 month on the orders of the general governor of Vilna Governorate. Five years later he was caught again, this time carrying 9 books in Šiauliai and put in the police custody for 1 month again in December 1898. He was arrested again in 1900 in Truskava. He was beaten by the police on the way from one confinement place to another. I. Pocius consequently fell ill as a result of the beatings and poor conditions during the confinement and lost his sanity. He would reportedly spend the rest of his life wandering around, always carrying a leather basket used for transporting smuggled books on his shoulders and holding an eight-edged gnarled stick. He would receive a former book smugglers' pension, 50 Litas a month, starting from 1928, but he would constantly run out of money, according to the contemporaries.
Izidorius passed away ca 1935, presumably in Eržvilkas volost, even though the exact place and date are unknown.
His nephew Antanas Pocius was a Lithuanian organist and composer.
References
- ^ LVIA, f. 669, ap. 21
- ^ Benjaminas Kaluškevičius, Kazys Misius. Lietuvos knygnešiai ir daraktoriai 1864–1904, 2004, Vilnius, pp. 1776, Diemedis Printing house, ISBN: 9986231175
- ^ Benjaminas Kaluškevičius, Kazys Misius. Lietuvos knygnešiai ir daraktoriai 1864–1904, 2004, Vilnius, pp. 3894, Diemedis Printing house, ISBN: 9986231175
- ^ Benjaminas Kaluškevičius, Kazys Misius. Lietuvos knygnešiai ir daraktoriai 1864–1904, 2004, Vilnius, pp. 3593, Diemedis Printing house, ISBN: 9986231175
Further reading
- 1905 m. revoliucijos įvykiai Eržvilko valsčiuje (Lithuanian);
- Žemaitytė-Narkevičienė. Nenutapytas knygnešio portretas.