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== Week 13 ==
== Week 13 ==
In 2015, as Shibuya Ward passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward,” they became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates.<ref name=":1" /> According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members, although those rights still have no legal protection in Japan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/05/same-sex-couples-japan-partnership-certificates|title=Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=2015-11-05|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref> Shimizu (2015, 5) also expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)."<ref name=":0" /> Since Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has been spread nationally, and other seven municipalities issue same-couple certificates today.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://digital.asahi.com/articles/ASL3G2TR4L3GTNAB002.html?rm=353|title=宮崎）宮大の学生　同性パートナーシップ条例案提出：朝日新聞デジタル|work=朝日新聞デジタル|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ja-JP}}</ref>
In 2015, as they passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward<ref name=":0" />,” Shibuya Ward became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates.<ref name=":1" /> According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members, although those rights still have no legal protection in Japan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/05/same-sex-couples-japan-partnership-certificates|title=Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=2015-11-05|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref> Shimizu (2015, 5) also expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)."<ref name=":0" /> "Couples applying for the certificate must be at least 20 years old and residents of Shibuya Ward. Before the application, they have to make a notarized document stating that their relationship is based on love and mutual trust.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/11/05/national/social-issues/shibuya-set-issue-first-certificates-recognizing-sex-couples/|title=Tokyo’s Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers|last=Murai|first=Shusuke|date=2015-11-05|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2018-04-18|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref>" the first certificated couple was a lesbian couple of Koyuki Higashi, a former member of the Takarazuka Revue, and Hiroko Masuhara, an entrepreneur<ref name=":2" />. Since Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has been spread nationally, and other seven municipalities issue same-couple certificates today.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://digital.asahi.com/articles/ASL3G2TR4L3GTNAB002.html?rm=353|title=宮崎）宮大の学生　同性パートナーシップ条例案提出：朝日新聞デジタル|work=朝日新聞デジタル|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ja-JP}}</ref>


However, Shimizu (2015, 5) points out that the ordinance has three problems of (1) its unclear legal ramifications and it has little legal binding force, (2) its non-equivalence to marriage in inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare, and (3) its expensive fees of tens of thousands of yen. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Shimizu|first=Yudai|date=Sep. 2015|title=Shibuya Wardʼs “Same-sex Partnership Ordinance”|url=http://web.icu.ac.jp/cgs_e/docs/NL018.pdf|journal=CGS Newsletter|volume=18|pages=5|via=}}</ref> Thus, "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32130599|title=Tokyo ward certifies 'gay marriage'|date=2015-03-31|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-16|language=en-GB}}</ref> Also, some couples actually hesitated to apply for the certificates because of its expensive fees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/nonsec/social/510181/|title=渋谷区の同性婚条例に疑問の声　「費用10万円」申請しないカップルも|work=東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ja}}</ref> Furthermore, Shibuya Ward is criticized for [[Pinkwashing (LGBT)|pinkwashing]] as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward.”<ref name=":0" /> Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.christiantoday.co.jp/articles/20933/20160518/anglican-episcopal-church-in-japan-homosexuality.htm|title=「レズビアン」という生き方 キリスト教のなかで「性」や「愛」を考える　大阪聖パウロ教会で講演会（１）|date=2016-05-18|work=クリスチャントゥデイ|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ja}}</ref><references />
However, Shimizu (2015, 5) points out that the ordinance has three problems of (1) its unclear legal ramifications and it has little legal binding force, (2) its non-equivalence to marriage in inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare, and (3) its expensive fees of tens of thousands of yen. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Shimizu|first=Yudai|date=Sep. 2015|title=Shibuya Wardʼs “Same-sex Partnership Ordinance”|url=http://web.icu.ac.jp/cgs_e/docs/NL018.pdf|journal=CGS Newsletter|volume=18|pages=5|via=}}</ref> Thus, "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32130599|title=Tokyo ward certifies 'gay marriage'|date=2015-03-31|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-16|language=en-GB}}</ref> Also, some couples actually hesitated to apply for the certificates because of its expensive fees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/nonsec/social/510181/|title=渋谷区の同性婚条例に疑問の声　「費用10万円」申請しないカップルも|work=東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ja}}</ref> Furthermore, Shibuya Ward is criticized for [[Pinkwashing (LGBT)|pinkwashing]] as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward.”<ref name=":0" /> Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.christiantoday.co.jp/articles/20933/20160518/anglican-episcopal-church-in-japan-homosexuality.htm|title=「レズビアン」という生き方 キリスト教のなかで「性」や「愛」を考える　大阪聖パウロ教会で講演会（１）|date=2016-05-18|work=クリスチャントゥデイ|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ja}}</ref><references />

Revision as of 15:08, 18 April 2018

Wiki assignment ideas

Week 12

I assigned myself the article "Homonationalism". I found the page does not have any examples of non-western societies, so I could add a paragraph about homonationalism in Japan. Also, I think I could add some general explanations on homonationalism.

Week 13

In 2015, as they passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward[1],” Shibuya Ward became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates.[2] According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members, although those rights still have no legal protection in Japan.[2] Shimizu (2015, 5) also expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)."[1] "Couples applying for the certificate must be at least 20 years old and residents of Shibuya Ward. Before the application, they have to make a notarized document stating that their relationship is based on love and mutual trust.[3]" the first certificated couple was a lesbian couple of Koyuki Higashi, a former member of the Takarazuka Revue, and Hiroko Masuhara, an entrepreneur[3]. Since Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has been spread nationally, and other seven municipalities issue same-couple certificates today.[4]

However, Shimizu (2015, 5) points out that the ordinance has three problems of (1) its unclear legal ramifications and it has little legal binding force, (2) its non-equivalence to marriage in inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare, and (3) its expensive fees of tens of thousands of yen. [1] Thus, "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance.[5] Also, some couples actually hesitated to apply for the certificates because of its expensive fees.[6] Furthermore, Shibuya Ward is criticized for pinkwashing as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward.”[1] Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones.[7]

  1. ^ a b c d Shimizu, Yudai (Sep. 2015). "Shibuya Wardʼs "Same-sex Partnership Ordinance"" (PDF). CGS Newsletter. 18: 5. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ a b McCurry, Justin (2015-11-05). "Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  3. ^ a b Murai, Shusuke (2015-11-05). "Tokyo's Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  4. ^ "宮崎）宮大の学生　同性パートナーシップ条例案提出：朝日新聞デジタル". 朝日新聞デジタル (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  5. ^ "Tokyo ward certifies 'gay marriage'". BBC News. 2015-03-31. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  6. ^ "渋谷区の同性婚条例に疑問の声　「費用10万円」申請しないカップルも". 東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  7. ^ "「レズビアン」という生き方 キリスト教のなかで「性」や「愛」を考える　大阪聖パウロ教会で講演会（１）". クリスチャントゥデイ (in Japanese). 2016-05-18. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
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